Early detection of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes population: Predictive analytics using Machine learning approach.

BACKGROUND: The possible association between diabetes mellitus and dementia has raised concerns, given the observed coincidental occurrences. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a personalized predictive model, utilizing artificial intelligence, to assess the 5-year and 10-year dementia risk among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who are prescribed antidiabetic medications. METHODS: This retrospective multicenter study used data from Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database, which comprises electronic medical records from three hospitals in Taiwan. This study applied eight machine learning algorithms to develop prediction models, including logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), gradient boosting machine (GBM), lightGBM (LBGM), AdaBoost, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and artificial neural network (ANN). These models incorporated a range of variables, encompassing patient characteristics, comorbidities, medication usage, laboratory results, and examination data. RESULTS: This study involved a cohort of 43,068 patients diagnosed with T2DM, which accounted for a total of 1,937,692 visits. For model development and validation, 1,300,829 visits were utilized, while an additional 636,863 visits were reserved for external testing. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction models range from 0.67 for the logistic regression to 0.98 for the artificial neural networks. Based on the external test results, the model built using the ANN algorithm has the best AUC: 0.97 (5-year follow-up period) and 0.98 (10-year follow-up period). Based on the best model (ANN), age, gender, triglyceride, HbA1c, anti-diabetic agents, stroke history, and other long-term medications were the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: We have successfully developed a novel computer-aided dementia risk prediction model that can facilitate the clinical diagnosis and management of patients prescribed with antidiabetic medications. However, further investigation is required to assess the model's feasibility and external validity.

Ultra-Deep Sequencing of Plasma-Circulating DNA for the Detection of Tumor- Derived Mutations in Patients with Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Identification of tumor-derived mutation (TDM) in liquid biopsies (LB), especially in early-stage patients, faces several challenges, including low variant-allele frequencies, interference by white blood cell (WBC)-derived mutations (WDM), benign somatic mutations and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we addressed the above-mentioned challenges in a cohort of 50 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients, via a workflow involving parallel sequencing of paired WBC- and tumor-gDNA. After excluding potential false positive mutations, we detected at least one TDM in LB of 56% (28/50) of patients, with the majority showing low-patient coverage, except for one TDM mapped to KMT2D that recurred in 30% (15/30) of patients.

Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and their related factors among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. METHODS: Vietnamese-fluent confirmed COVID-19 patients for at least 3 d were recruited in this online cross-sectional study to answer a three-part questionnaire including participants' sociodemographic characteristics, PTSD (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Associated factors were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of 1544 responses, the majority were female (53.0%), ages 18-39 y (74.8%) and were isolated and treated at field hospitals (72.2%). Family or friends were the greatest sources of mental support (68.2%), followed by healthcare providers (51.1%). The overall prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients were 22.9%, 11.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Risk factors included older age, higher education, getting infected from the public, knowing someone who died from COVID-19 and high perception of life threat. Meanwhile, mental assistance from family or friends, a greater number of supporters, living with someone not vulnerable and higher salaries were significantly protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological responses associated with some sociodemographic details. Family or friends should be the first line of mental interventions for COVID-19 patients.

Regional Lymph Node Metastasis Distribution in Resectable Middle-Third Gastric Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Lymph node (LN) metastasis happens even in early gastric cancer (GC) even in LN stations that are not adjacent to the primary tumor. Total or subtotal gastrectomy (TG or sTG) can be performed in the middle third of the GC if the negative proximal margin is maintained. These procedures differed in the extent of LN dissection; therefore, oncology considerations must be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate procedure. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 98 patients suffering from middle-third GC. The metastatic lymph nodes (mLN) ratio was calculated in each case by the ratio between the number of mLN and the number of total LNs retrieved. We compare the difference in the total LN retrieved, number of mLN, and rate of positive LN (N+) between the two groups TG and sTG. Results The majority of patients had advanced GC (82.7% pT2-4). About 65.3% of patients had metastasis LN. The events of LN metastasis and skipped LN metastasis happened even in tumors contained in the submucosal layer. The metastasis rates in each LN station were also increasing in correlation with the depth of tumor invasion. For LN station No. 2, 4sa, 10, 11d (which are not mandatory) in sTG, the rate of mLN was 0% for the pT1-3 tumor, regardless of tumor longitudinal location. The rate of mLN for each station was higher in adjacent stations of the tumor (No. 1-3-5-7 in lesser curvature, No. 4sb-4d-6 in greater curvature, No.1-3-4sb in the anterior wall, No. 3-7-12a in the posterior wall). The total LN retrieved, number of mLN, and rate of positive LN were statistically higher in the TG group compared to the sTG group. However, the mean mLN ratios between the two groups were comparable (p = 0.116). Conclusion In accordance with the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, we observed a stratified distribution of mLN in the middle third of the GC. With these early results, sTG combined with standard lymphadenectomy was an acceptable treatment for T1-T3 middle-third GC in terms of mLN distribution. Total No. 4sb LN dissection might also be reserved in gastrectomy for T1-T3 GC.

Diagnostic Value of hTERT mRNA and in Combination With AFP, AFP-L3%, Des-γ-carboxyprothrombin for Screening of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Cirrhosis Patients HBV or HCV-Related.

Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in early-stage, to give an effective treatment option and improve quality of life for cancer patients, is an important medical mission globally. Combination of AFP with some biomarkers may be more supportive in both diagnosis and screening of HCC, but the range value of these markers can be applied as daily markers were unclearly. In some studies, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT mRNA) was reported as an advantage marker to diagnose cancer. The present study identified serum of 340 patients that were infected chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus and divided in 2 groups including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC) to measure their values of hTERT mRNA, AFP, AFP-L3%, and DCP, as well as combination of them. As a result, the concentration of hTERT mRNA, AFP, AFP-L3%, and DCP in HCC groups were significantly higher than that in LC group (P < .01). For detecting HCC, hTERT mRNA had sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 96% (at the cutoff value of 31.5 copies/mL), AFP sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 92% (at the cutoff value of 5.1 ng/mL), AFP-L3% sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 90% (at the cutoff value of 1.05%), DCP sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 92% (at the cutoff value of 29.01 mAU/mL). The largest area under the curve (AUC) of combination hTERT mRNA with DCP was 0.932 (sensitivity of 98.2% and specificity of 88.2%). New combination of DCP with hTERT mRNA gave a useful choice for screening of HCC in chronic HBV or HCV patients associated liver cirrhosis.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Related Factors Towards COVID-19 Prevention Among Patients at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

AIM: This study measured the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 prevention and examined associated factors among patients at a national tertiary general hospital in Vietnam. METHODS: Adult patients admitted to University Medical Center during research period were recruited in a cross-sectional study, which employed a convenience sampling method with a 4-component questionnaire in order to examine the patients' consciousness towards COVID-19 spreading prevention based on four aspects: demographic characteristics (10 items), knowledge (14 items), attitudes (6 items), and practices (7 items). RESULTS: The study involved 2769 respondents (18-90 years) with the mean age of 38.05±13.91 years. About two thirds of the respondents obtained diploma degree or higher (63.4%) and shared their living space with others (64.4%). The majority of patients settled in urban area (74.9%). All participants stayed informed about COVID-19, with the most commonly used channels like television (75.2%), the Internet (72.2%) and phone (69.8%). The vast majority showed sufficient knowledge (93.7%) and positive attitudes (76.3%). Just over half of participants remained good practiced of COVID-19 prevention (57.7%). On average, the factors of younger age, higher educational level, frequency and department of admission, and the number of COVID-19 informative channels were significantly associated with sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding preventive action against COVID-19 spreading. The optimistic attitude and having more undergoing chronic diseases were associated with the likelihood of well-practiced COVID-19 preventive measures (OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.54-8.55, p=0.003 and OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.98, p=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the likelihood of good preventive practices in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic was influenced by attitudes and several sociodemographic factors. More drastic interventions for the prevention of COVID-19 should be widely furnished and equipped in hospitals, through various routes to maximize the efficiency and adherence to prevention practices.

Cardiogenic Shock Secondary to Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Apical Ballooning after Nonmitral Cardiovascular Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is a well-known complication in mitral annuloplasty but rarely seen in nonmitral cardiovascular surgery. The dynamic LVOT obstruction can lead to hemodynamic instability, even shock and the treatment is significantly different from the standard approach. Case Presentation. We reported a case of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), dramatically reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after coronary artery bypass grafting in a 72-year-old female requiring an escalation of inotropic support, volume restriction, and mechanical support. The detailed echocardiography combined with lung ultrasound revealed a dynamic systolic anterior movement of the anterior mitral leaflet (SAM), apical ballooning, and no significant lung congestion. Intravenous fluids were given, diuretics withdrawn, inotrope discontinued, and vasopressors uptitrated. The dynamic SAM was rapidly relieved, the hemodynamics was stabilized, and the LVEF was improving. The patient was discharged in good condition without residual LVOT obstruction and trace MR. CONCLUSION: We strongly suggest that a detailed echocardiography should be performed in any patient who presents in shock to rule out a dynamic LVOT obstruction. Lung ultrasound should be a routine examination in addition to echocardiography. Once SAM is detected, treatment should be based on volume expansion, inotrope discontinuation, and a careful afterload increasing.