Atomic Valence Reversal-Induced Polarization Resonance Spurs Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption in α-Fe2O3@Carbon Microtubes.

Variegation and complexity of polarization relaxation loss in many heterostructured materials provide available mechanisms to seek a strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. Here we construct a unique heterostructured compound that bonds α-Fe2O3 nanosheets of the (110) plane on carbon microtubes (CMTs). Through effective alignment between the Fermi energy level of CMTs and the conduction band position of α-Fe2O3 nanosheets at the interface, we attain substantial polarization relaxation loss via novel atomic valence reversal between Fe(III) ↔ Fe(III-) induced with periodic electron injection from conductive CMTs under EMW irradiation to give α-Fe2O3 nanosheets. Such heterostructured materials possess currently reported minimum reflection loss of -84.01 dB centered at 10.99 GHz at a thickness of 3.19 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss ≤ -10 dB) of 7.17 GHz (10.83-18 GHz) at 2.65 mm. This work provides an effective strategy for designing strong EMW absorbers by combining highly efficient electron injection and atomic valence reversal.

Experimental Observation of the Fully Ferroelectric-Fully Ferroelastic Effect in Multiferroic Hybrid Perovskites.

Since the concept of "multiferroic" was first proposed in 1968, the coupling effect between different ferroic orders has attracted great interest in energy, information, and biomedical fields. However, the fully ferroelectric-fully ferroelastic effect has never been experimentally observed in hybrid perovskites, even though this effect was predicted to exist half a century ago. Realizing such cross-linking effects of polarization vectors and strain tensors has always been a huge challenge because of the complex difference in these two ferroic origins. Here, we report a multiferroic with full ferroelectricity and full ferroelasticity in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites based on ferroelectrochemistry. The dynamic molecular reorientations endow (cyclohexanemethylaminium)2PbCl4 with a desired symmetry change of 4̅2mFmm2 at a Curie temperature of 411.8 K. More strikingly, the switchable evolution of ferroelastic domains was directly observed under the control of either electric or mechanical fields, which is the first experimental observation of a fully ferroelectric-fully ferroelastic effect in hybrid perovskites. This work would provide new insights into understanding the intrinsic cross-linking mechanism between ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity toward the development of multichannel interactive microelectronic devices.

Metal-Free Perovskite Ferroelectrics with the Most Equivalent Polarization Axes.

Ferroelectricity in metal-free perovskites (MFPs) has emerged as an academic hotspot for their lightweight, eco-friendly processability, flexibility, and degradability, with considerable progress including large spontaneous polarization, high Curie temperature, large piezoelectric response, and tailoring coercive field. However, their equivalent polarization axes as a key indicator are far from enough, although multiaxial ferroelectrics are highly preferred for performance output and application flexibility that profit from as many equivalent polarization directions as possible with easier reorientation. Here, by implementing the synergistic overlap of regulating anionic geometries (from spherical I- to octahedral [PF6]- and to tetrahedral [ClO4]- or [BF4]-) and cationic asymmetric modification, we successfully designed multiaxial MFP ferroelectrics CMDABCO-NH4-X3 (CMDABCO = N-chloromethyl-N'-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium; X = [ClO4]- or [BF4]-) with the lowest P1 symmetry. More impressively, systemic characterizations indicate that they possess 24 equivalent polarization axes (Aizu notations of 432F1 and m3̅mF1, respectively)─the maximum number achievable for ferroelectrics. Benefiting from the multiaxial feature, CMDABCO-NH4-[ClO4]3 has been demonstrated to have excellent piezoelectric sensing performance in its polycrystalline sample and prepared composite device. Our study provides a feasible strategy for designing multiaxial MFP ferroelectrics and highlights their great promise for use in microelectromechanical, sensing, and body-compatible devices.

Organic-Inorganic Rare-Earth Double Perovskite Ferroelectric with Large Piezoelectric Response and Ferroelasticity for Flexible Composite Energy Harvesters.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) ferroelectric materials have great potential for developing self-powered electronic transducers owing to their impressive piezoelectric performance, structural tunability and low processing temperatures. Nevertheless, their inherent brittle and low elastic moduli limit their application in electromechanical conversion. Integration of HOIP ferroelectrics and soft polymers is a promising solution. In this work, a hybrid organic-inorganic rare-earth double perovskite ferroelectric, [RM3HQ]2RbPr(NO3)6 (RM3HQ = (R)-N-methyl-3-hydroxylquinuclidinium) is presented, which possesses multiaxial nature, ferroelasticity and satisfactory piezoelectric properties, including piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of 102.3 pC N-1 and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) of 680 × 10-3 V m N-1. The piezoelectric generators (PEG) based on composite films of [RM3HQ]2RbPr(NO3)6@polyurethane (PU) can generate an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 30 V and short-circuit current (Isc) of 18 µA, representing one of the state-of-the-art PEGs to date. This work has promoted the exploration of new HOIP ferroelectrics and their development of applications in electromechanical conversion devices.

Protein-ligand binding affinity prediction exploiting sequence constituent homology.

MOTIVATION: Molecular docking is a commonly used approach for estimating binding conformations and their resultant binding affinities. Machine learning has been successfully deployed to enhance such affinity estimations. Many methods of varying complexity have been developed making use of some or all the spatial and categorical information available in these structures. The evaluation of such methods has mainly been carried out using datasets from PDBbind. Particularly the Comparative Assessment of Scoring Functions (CASF) 2007, 2013, and 2016 datasets with dedicated test sets. This work demonstrates that only a small number of simple descriptors is necessary to efficiently estimate binding affinity for these complexes without the need to know the exact binding conformation of a ligand. RESULTS: The developed approach of using a small number of ligand and protein descriptors in conjunction with gradient boosting trees demonstrates high performance on the CASF datasets. This includes the commonly used benchmark CASF2016 where it appears to perform better than any other approach. This methodology is also useful for datasets where the spatial relationship between the ligand and protein is unknown as demonstrated using a large ChEMBL-derived dataset. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Code and data uploaded to https://github.com/abbiAR/PLBAffinity.

VEGFR2 blockade inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor linked to significant angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Anti-angiogenic therapies with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibition have been investigated as an alternative glioblastoma treatment. However, little is known about the effect of VEGFR2 blockade on glioblastoma cells per se. METHODS: VEGFR2 expression data in glioma patients were retrieved from the public database TCGA. VEGFR2 intervention was implemented by using its selective inhibitor Ki8751 or shRNA. Mitochondrial biogenesis of glioblastoma cells was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging, mass spectrometry, and western blot analysis. RESULTS: VEGFR2 expression was higher in glioma patients with higher malignancy (grade III and IV). VEGFR2 inhibition hampered glioblastoma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence imaging showed that the anti-glioblastoma effects of VEGFR2 blockade involved mitochondrial biogenesis, as evidenced by the increases of mitochondrial protein expression, mitochondria mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all of which play important roles in tumor cell apoptosis, growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and cell senescence. Furthermore, VEGFR2 inhibition exaggerated mitochondrial biogenesis by decreased phosphorylation of AKT and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which mobilized PGC1α into the nucleus, increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression, and subsequently enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: VEGFR2 blockade inhibits glioblastoma progression via AKT-PGC1α-TFAM-mitochondria biogenesis signaling cascade, suggesting that VEGFR2 intervention might bring additive therapeutic values to anti-glioblastoma therapy.

Effects of electric field and light on resistivity switching of Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films.

Based on the excellent piezoelectric properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) single crystals, a hole-doped manganite film/PMN-PT heterostructure has been constructed to achieve electric-field and light co-control of physical properties. Here, we report the resistivity switching behavior of Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT(111) multiferroic heterostructures under different in-plane reading currents, temperatures, light stimuli and electric fields, and discuss the underlying coupling mechanisms of resistivity change. The transition from the electric-field induced lattice strain effect to polarization current effect can be controlled effectively by decreasing the in-plane reading current at room temperature. With the decrease of temperature, the interfacial charge effect dominates over the lattice strain effect due to the reduced charge carrier density. In addition, light stimulus can lead to the delocalization of eg carriers, and thus enhance the lattice strain effect and suppress the interfacial charge effect. This work helps to understand essential physics of magnetoelectric coupling and also provides a potential method to realize energy-efficient multi-field control of manganite thin films.

Unusual Thermal Quenching of Photoluminescence from an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid [MnBr4 ]2- -based Halide Mediated by Crystalline-Crystalline Phase Transition.

The ability to generate and manipulate photoluminescence (PL) behavior has been of primary importance for applications in information security. Excavating novel optical effects to create more possibilities for information encoding has become a continuous challenge. Herein, we present an unprecedented PL temporary quenching that highly couples with thermodynamic phase transition in a hybrid crystal (DMML)2 MnBr4 (DMML=N,N-dimethylmorpholinium). Such unusual PL behavior originates from the anomalous variation of [MnBr4 ]2- tetrahedrons that leads to non-radiation recombination near the phase transition temperature of 340 K. Remarkably, the suitable detectable temperature, narrow response window, high sensitivity, and good cyclability of this PL temporary quenching will endow encryption applications with high concealment, operational flexibility, durability, and commercial popularization. Profited from these attributes, a fire-new optical encryption model is devised to demonstrate high confidential information security. This unprecedented optical effect would provide new insights and paradigms for the development of luminescent materials to enlighten future information encryption.

Exploring Aqueous Solution-Processed Pseudohalide Rare-Earth Double Perovskite Ferroelectrics toward X-Ray Detection with High Sensitivity.

Three-dimensional (3D) pseudohalide rare-earth double perovskites (PREDPs) have garnered significant attention for their versatile physical properties, including ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity, large piezoelectric responses, and circularly polarized luminescence. However, their potential for X-ray detection remains unexplored, and the low Curie temperature (TC) limits the performance window for PREDP ferroelectrics. Here, by applying the chemical regulation strategies involving halogen substitution on the organic cation and Rb/Cs substitution to the PREDP [(R)-M3HQ]2RbEu(NO3)6 [(R)-M3HQ=(R)-N-methyl-3-hydroxylquinuclidinium] with a low TC of 285 K, a novel 3D PREDP ferroelectric [(R)-CM3HQ]2CsEu(NO3)6 [(R)-CM3HQ=(R)-N-chloromethyl-3-hydroxylquinuclidinium] are successfully synthesized, for which the TC reaches 344 K. More importantly, such a strategy endowed [(R)-CM3HQ]2CsEu(NO3)6 with notable X-ray detection capabilities. Centimeter-sized [(R)-CM3HQ]2CsEu(NO3)6 single crystals fabricated from aqueous solutions demonstrated a sensitivity of 1307 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 and a low detectable dose rate of 152 nGyair s-1, the highest sensitivity reported for hybrid double perovskite ferroelectric detectors. This work positions PREDPs as promising candidates for the next generation of eco-friendly optoelectronic materials and also offers substantial insights into the interaction between structure, composition, and functionality in ferroelectric materials.

Molecular Engineering Regulation Achieving Out-of-Plane Polarization in Rare-Earth Hybrid Double Perovskites for Ferroelectrics and Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Out-of-plane polarization is a highly desired property of two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics for application in vertical sandwich-type photoferroelectric devices, especially in ultrathin ferroelectronic devices. Nevertheless, despite great advances that have been made in recent years, out-of-plane polarization remains unrealized in the 2D hybrid double perovskite ferroelectric family. Here, from our previous work 2D hybrid double perovskite HQERN ((S3HQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3HQ=S-3-hydroxylquinuclidinium), we designed a molecular strategy of F-substitution on organic component to successfully obtain FQERN ((S3FQ)4EuRb(NO3)8, S3FQ=S-3-fluoroquinuclidinium) showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response. Remarkably, compared to the monopolar axis ferroelectric HQERN, FQERN not only shows multiferroicity with the coexistence of multipolar axis ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity but also realizes out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization and a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 94 K. This is mainly due to the introduction of F-substituted organic cations, which leads to a change in orientation and a reduction in crystal lattice void occupancy. Our study demonstrates that F-substitution is an efficient strategy to realize and optimize ferroelectric functional characteristics, giving more possibility of 2D ferroelectric materials for applications in micro-nano optoelectronic devices.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric with Afterglow Emission.

Luminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light-polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long-lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4-methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi-level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities.

Non-reciprocal spatial and quasi-reciprocal angular Goos-Hänchen shifts around double CPA-LPs in PT-symmetric Thue-Morse photonic crystals.

We theoretically investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts of reflected light beams in Thue-Morse photonic crystals. The systems are constituted by two Thue-Morse dielectrics multilayers and satisfy parity-time (PT) symmetry. Double coherent perfect absorption laser points (CPA-LPs) are achieved in the parameter space composed of the incident angle and the gain-loss factor. Dramatic changes in the phase of reflection coefficient induce giant positive and negative spatial GH shifts at the CPA-LPs, while great angular GH shifts exist around the exceptional points (EPs). The spatial GH shifts present non-reciprocity for the forward and backward incident light waves near the double CPA-LPs, while the angular GH shifts are quasi-reciprocal. Increasing the Thue-Morse sequence number, these characteristics are approved around multiple CPA-LPs as well. Our work could pave the way to explore high-accuracy optical sensors.

Platelets fine-tune effector responses of naïve CD4+ T cells via platelet factor 4-regulated transforming growth factor ß signaling.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Platelets are an able regulator of CD4+ T cell immunity. Herein, the mechanisms underlying platelet-regulated effector responses of naïve CD4+ T (Tn) cells were investigated. METHODS: Platelet-Tn cell co-cultures of human cells, genetically modified murine models, and high-throughput bioinformatic analyses were combined to elucidate molecular mechanisms of platelet-dependent regulation. RESULTS: Platelets exerted sophisticated regulation on effector responses of type 1, 2, and 17 T helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, in time-, concentration-, and organ-dependent manners and with close cooperation of transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). PF4 at low concentrations reinforced TGFß signaling by heteromerizing with type III TGFß receptor (TGFBRIII), and subsequently enhanced TGFBRII expression and TGFß signaling. High-concentration PF4 had, however, opposite effects by directly binding to TGFBRII, blocking TGFß-TGFBRII ligation, and thus inhibiting TGFß signaling. Furthermore, platelet depletion markedly hampered Treg and Th17 responses in the spleen but not in the lymph nodes, blockade of platelet-Tn cell contact diminished platelet effects, while spleen injection of PF4-immobilized microparticles in PF4-deficient mice mimicked platelet effects, suggesting the importance of direct platelet-Tn contact and platelet-bound PF4 for the optimal regulatory effects by platelets. CONCLUSION: Platelets exert context-dependent regulations on effector responses of Tn cells via PF4-TGFß duet, suggesting new possibilities of platelet-targeted interventions of T cell immunity.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide tetramer acid (HFPO-TeA)-induced developmental toxicities in chicken embryo: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Alpha (PPARα) is involved.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide tetramer acid (HFPO-TeA) is an emerging environmental contaminant, with environmental presence but limited toxicological information. To investigate its potential developmental toxicities, various doses of HFPO-TeA exposure were achieved in chicken embryos via air cell injection, and the exposed embryos were incubated until hatch. Within 24 h of hatch, the hatchling chickens were assessed with electrocardiography and histopathology for toxicological evaluation. For mechanistic investigation, in ovo silencing of PPARα was achieved via lentivirus microinjection, then the morphological/functional endpoints along with protein expression levels of PPARα-regulated genes were assessed. HFPO-TeA exposure in chicken embryo resulted in developmental cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Specifically, decreased right ventricular wall thickness, increased heart rate and hepatic steatosis were observed, whereas silencing of PPARα resulted in alleviation of observed toxicities. Western blotting for EHHADH and FABPs suggested that developmental exposure to HFPO-TeA effectively increased the expression levels of both targets in hatchling chicken heart and liver tissue samples, while PPARα silencing prevented such changes, suggesting that PPARα and its downstream genes are playing critical roles in HFPO-TeA induced developmental toxicities.

Integrated Reversible Thermochromism, High Tc , Dielectric Switch and Narrow Band Gap in One Multifunctional Ferroic.

Organic-inorganic Hybrid (OIH) materials for multifunctional switchable applications have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and good structural tunability. However, it still remains challenging to fabricate one simple OIH compound with multi-functionals properties, such as dielectric switching, thermochromic properties, semiconductor characteristics and ferroelasticity. Under this context, we successfully synthesized [2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethan-1- ammonium]2 SnBr6 (compound 1), which has a higher phase transition temperature of 427.7 K. Additionally, it exhibits a semiconducting property with an indirect band gap of 2.36 eV. Combining ferroelastic, narrow band gap, thermochromic, and dielectric properties, compound 1 can be considered as a rarely reported multi-functional ferroelastic material, which is expected to give inspiration for broadening the applications in the smart devices field.

Optical fractal resonances in Cantor-like photonic crystals.

We theoretically investigate the optical fractal effect in one-dimensional quasiperiodic photonic crystals (PCs). Dielectric multilayers arrayed alternately submit to the Cantor-like sequence rule. The optical fractal phenomenon is induced by modulating the generation number of the dielectric sequence. The optical fractal effect corresponds to a series of resonant modes, and the Cantor-like PCs approve more resonance modes than those in the Cantor PCs with the same order number. The transmission channels of resonances exponentially increase with the increase in the sequence generation number. Furthermore, the central waves of the transmission channels can be regulated by the incident angle flexibly. We expect this paper may pave a new way for the development of wavelength division multiplexers.

Prognostic value of long non-coding RNA 01296 expression in human solid malignant tumours: a meta-analysis.

Long intergenic non-coding RNA 01296 (LINC01296) has been reported to play an important role in many human malignancies, but a consistent perspective has not been established now. To explore the prognostic value of LINC01296 in different types of human solid malignant tumours, we performed this meta-analysis.An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medical Literature database and WanFang database was applied to select eligible literatures. Pooled ORs or HRs with their 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the effects.A total of 559 patients from nine eligible studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that high LINC01296 expression was significantly related to larger tumour size (OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.08 to 5.63), lymph node metastasis (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.01 to 4.57) and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.65 to 7.34). Moreover, we found that elevated LINC01296 expression predicted a poor outcome for overall survival (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.14) and recurrence-free survival (HR 4.00, 95% CI 1.04 to 15.67).High expression levels of LINC01296 were associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes of patients with cancer. Our results indicated that LINC01296 could serve as a prognostic predictor in human solid malignant tumours.

Prognostic significance of LINC00460 overexpression in solid tumours: a meta-analysis.

The prognostic value of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 460 (LINC00460) overexpression in human solid malignant tumours remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted the meta-analysis to systematically review and assess the evidence for the correlation between LINC00460 overexpression and clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients with solid malignant tumour. An electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biological Medical Literature database and WanFang database was applied to select eligible articles. Pooled ORs or HRs with their 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the effects. 9 eligible studies with a total of 935 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that high LINC00460 expression was associated with positive lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative: OR=2.97, 95% CI 1.74 to 5.05, p=0.812), advanced tumour-node-metastasis stage (III+IV vs I+II: OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.64 to 4.85, p=0.193) and poorer differentiation (high vs low: OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.99, p=0.569). Additionally, the overexpression of LINC00460 could predict a poorer OS (HR=1.57, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.77) and the shorter disease-free survival (HR=2.32, 95% CI 1.25 to 4.31). Furthermore, according to subgroup analysis and meta-regression results, the heterogeneity of current meta-analysis may be attributed to the differences of cancer type and follow-up months. High expression of LINC00460 could predict poor prognosis in patients with solid malignant tumour. LINC00460 may serve as potential prognostic biomarker for clinical outcomes in various human solid malignant tumours.

Characterization of a New Intracellular Alginate Lyase with Metal Ions-Tolerant and pH-Stable Properties.

Alginate lyases play an important role in alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) preparation and brown seaweed processing. Many extracellular alginate lyases have been characterized to develop efficient degradation tools needed for industrial applications. However, few studies focusing on intracellular alginate lyases have been conducted. In this work, a novel intracellular alkaline alginate lyase Alyw202 from Vibrio sp. W2 was cloned, expressed and characterized. Secretory expression was performed in a food-grade host, Yarrowia lipolytica. Recombinant Alyw202 with a molecular weight of approximately 38.3 kDa exhibited the highest activity at 45 °C and more than 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. Furthermore, Alyw202 showed remarkable metal ion-tolerance, NaCl independence and the capacity of degrading alginate into oligosaccharides of DP2-DP4. Due to the unique pH-stable and high salt-tolerant properties, Alyw202 has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Simultaneous left atrium anatomy and scar segmentations via deep learning in multiview information with attention.

Three-dimensional late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) cardiac MR (CMR) of left atrial scar in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has recently emerged as a promising technique to stratify patients, to guide ablation therapy and to predict treatment success. This requires a segmentation of the high intensity scar tissue and also a segmentation of the left atrium (LA) anatomy, the latter usually being derived from a separate bright-blood acquisition. Performing both segmentations automatically from a single 3D LGE CMR acquisition would eliminate the need for an additional acquisition and avoid subsequent registration issues. In this paper, we propose a joint segmentation method based on multiview two-task (MVTT) recursive attention model working directly on 3D LGE CMR images to segment the LA (and proximal pulmonary veins) and to delineate the scar on the same dataset. Using our MVTT recursive attention model, both the LA anatomy and scar can be segmented accurately (mean Dice score of 93% for the LA anatomy and 87% for the scar segmentations) and efficiently ( ∼ 0.27 s to simultaneously segment the LA anatomy and scars directly from the 3D LGE CMR dataset with 60-68 2D slices). Compared to conventional unsupervised learning and other state-of-the-art deep learning based methods, the proposed MVTT model achieved excellent results, leading to an automatic generation of a patient-specific anatomical model combined with scar segmentation for patients in AF.