[Effects of ambient particulate matter (PM10) on prevalence of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose].

Objective: To explore the effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM10) on the prevalence of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Methods: The subjects of the study were from the baseline population of "Jinchang Cohort", and 24 285 subjects were finally included after excluding incomplete home address information and diabetic diagnosis information. The demographic characteristics, lifestyle and health status of the survey subjects were collected through questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. ArcGIS software was used to match the nearest environmental monitoring stations for each subject according to residential address. Two-year average concentrations of PM10 were calculated to estimate exposure level. The logistic regression and the multiple linear regression were conducted to assess the effects of ambient PM10 on the prevalence of diabetes and FPG. The restricted cubic spline was used to quantify the dose-response relationship. Stratified analysis and effect modification analysis were also performed. Results: The age of 24 285 participants was (49.32±8.60) years, and the BMI was (24.22±6.09) kg/m2. There were 13 950 (57.44%) males and 2 066 (8.51%) diabetic patients. After adjusting for confounders, for every 10 µg/m3 increase in the average PM10 concentration in the first two years of the survey, the prevalence of diabetes increased [OR (95%CI) =1.05 (1.01-1.09)]and the FPG level elevated [ß (95%CI) = 0.061 (0.047-0.076) mmol/L]. The results of the restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between PM10 concentration and FPG level (P<0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed that female [OR (95%CI) =1.10 (1.03-1.18)], people over 50 years old [OR (95%CI) =1.06 (1.02-1.11) ], subjects with family history of diabetes [OR (95%CI) = 1.13 (1.04-1.23) ], and with hypertension [OR (95%CI) = 1.07 (1.02-1.12) ] had a stronger association between the prevalence of diabetes and PM10 exposure (all P interaction values were<0.05). The effects of PM10 on FPG were more significant in people older than 50 years[ß (95%CI) = 0.080 (0.050-0.109) mmol/L], with family history of diabetes [ß (95%CI) = 0.087 (0.036-0.137) mmol/L], and hypertension [ß (95%CI) = 0.077 (0.046-0.108) mmol/L] (all P interaction values were<0.05). Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient PM10 increases the diabetes prevalence and FPG. People older than 50 years old, with family history of diabetes and hypertension could be more sensitive to the effects of PM10 exposure.

Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation of Triarrhena sacchariflora, a large amphibious ornamental grass.

In this study, we report the tolerance and accumulation of Triarrhena sacchariflora to copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). The results show that T. sacchariflora had strong tolerance to Cu and Cd stress. The tolerance indexes (TI) were greater than 0.5 for all treatments. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to Cu and Cd were both above 1.0. The accumulation ability of roots was stronger than that of shoots, and ranges of BCF to Cu and Cd in roots were 37.89-79.08 and 83.96-300.57, respectively. However, the translocation ability to Cu and Cd was weak, with more than 86% of Cu or Cd accumulated in roots, suggesting an exclusion strategy for heavy metal tolerance. The uptake efficiency (UE) and translocation efficiency (TE) to Cu and Cd increased linearly as the Cu and Cd concentration in the substrate increased. UE was higher than TE, with a maximum of 2,118.90 µg g(-1) root dry weight (DW) (50 mg L(-1) Cu) and 1,847.51 µg g(-1) root DW (20 mg L(-1)Cd), respectively. The results indicate that T. sacchariflora is a Cu- and Cd-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator plant, suggesting that T. sacchariflora could play an important role in phytoremediation in areas contaminated with Cu and Cd.

[Accelerated thrombolysis by liposomal-encapsulated urokinase in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction].

We prepared liposomal-encapsulated urokinases (LEUK) by detergent removal technique. The encapsulated efficiency of urokinase (UK) was 25.6%. The LEUKs were neutral large unilamellar vesicles and its average diameter was 60.4 +/- 13.6 nm under electron microscope. Measurements of UK activity indicated about 7.1% loss of activity or leakage in tris-buffered saline over a 48 hr period at a temperature of 4 degrees C. After the same time incubation of LEUK and UK in human platelet-poor plasma (PPP) at 37 degrees C, the percentage of UK activity in LEUK group was remaining higher than that of UK group (30 min: 84.3 +/- 3.0% to 46 +/- 4%; 60 min: 60 +/- 5% to 14.9 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.01). These results suggest that liposomes preserve the thrombolytic potential of UK and that the half-life of UK in liposomes prolongs more than two times. Canine model of acute myocardial infarction was based on a thrombos obstruction. Thrombolysis tests were compared for LEUK and UK (n = 5). The time for restoring vessel patency reduced more than 50% when compared with that in UK group (28 +/- 7 min to 69 +/- 7 min, P < 0.01). The total dosage of LEUK was correspondingly lower. After one-hour thrombolysis, the fibrinogen of LEUK group (g/L) was considerably higher than that of UK group (2.5 +/- 0.5 to 1.6 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01). These results suggested that LEUK may be of practical significance in accelerating thrombolysis and reduction in bleeding complications.