Cleidocranial Dysplasia Presenting With Mixed Dentition in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an inherited development anomaly of the skeletal system that is also classified as an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. This is due to a gene mutation on chromosome 6p21 that encodes core binding factor activity a-1 (CBFA1), a member of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) found on the short arm of chromosome 6. CCD is a scarce condition and its occurrence is about one per million births. It primarily affects bones that are derived from both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. It is identified by certain clinical and radiological features including open cranial sutures and open anterior fontanelle, aplastic or hypoplastic clavicles, wormian bones, short stature, deformities of the pelvic bones, and various skeletal changes. Patients usually show class III malocclusion because of mandibular hyperplasia and mid-face hypoplasia. Vertical facial growth is reduced due to hypoplasia of the alveolar bone, and permanent teeth eruptions are failed. We reported a case of CCD in a 28-year-old who was referred to OPD for poor esthetics.

Aesthetic and Functional Rehabilitation for Dentogingival Asymmetry Using Zirconia Restorations.

In an effort to improve dentogingival aesthetics, scientific research has been developing non-surgical techniques and dental restorative materials. A 45-year-old female reported to the hospital with a complaint of an unpleasant aesthetic in the anterior region of the maxilla. She has an irregular contour of the gingiva in her anterior region and no temporomandibular problems. There is a history of trauma, but she did not take any treatment for it, which caused discolouration. Plaque index was retained by the surface roughness. Due to this reason, the patient's appearance, self-esteem, and quality of life have decreased. The purpose of this case is to provide a system-based clinical example of oral rehabilitation for anterior teeth. The patient didn't like the way she looked, and hence aesthetic and functional rehabilitation was planned. Treating the dentogingival asymmetry was the first step in the therapeutic approach. An in-ceram zirconia permanent porcelain metal-free crown was positioned after the temporary crowns were cemented into place. It should be mentioned that in clinical situations, the integration of periodontal and prosthetic treatment is crucial. Additionally, it is stated that the in-ceram zirconia system can produce satisfactory results when applied appropriately. For the main anterior teeth, zirconia crowns have offered an alternate treatment option that addresses aesthetic concerns and facilitates the installation of extra-coronal restorations. This article describes a case involving the aesthetic and functional restoration of severely damaged maxillary incisors using zirconia crowns.

Rehabilitation of the Surgical Defect Secondary to Mucormycosis With a Definitive Obturator: A Case Report.

Neglect initially starts as an infection, evolving into a disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lifestyle changes and disturbed food intake have weakened immune systems, making individuals more susceptible to secondary infections. Mucormycosis poses a significant threat, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when immune systems may be compromised. The impact of the disease extends beyond physical health, affecting psychological and social well-being due to the challenges, such as difficulties in mastication, speech, and swallowing post-surgery. The mention of maxillectomy highlights the severe nature of some cases, necessitating surgical intervention to remove the affected tissue. Anatomical and functional losses following surgical excision of the maxilla and surrounding tissues need to be recovered as soon as possible. After surgery, prostheses can and should be used to restore speech, mastication, and deglutition - three essential physiological activities. Thus, a patient's treatment approach should include prosthetic planning before surgical intervention and rehabilitation after the surgery. If they are carefully handled at the moment of surgery, the overall continuity created by maxilla resection includes at least the oral, nasal, and maxillary sinus cavities, which may prove to be a useful future location for prosthesis retention. As a result, the prosthodontist's role becomes crucial in assisting the surgeon in taking all necessary precautions that are beneficial to the patient.

Hospital-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in South Bangalore, India.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia, distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility in children aged 28 days to <60 months. DESIGN: Hospital-based surveillance. SETTING: South Bangalore, India. PARTICIPANTS: 9950 children aged 28 days to <60 months with clinical suspicion of invasive pneumococcal disease or pneumonia. RESULTS: The estimated at-risk population included 224,966 children <5 years of age. Forty cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were identified. Estimated invasive pneumococcal disease incidence was 17.8/100,000 with incidence being highest among children aged 6 months to <12 months (49.9/100,000). Clinical pneumonia syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis (12.5/100,000). Pneumococcal serotypes included: 6A (n=6, 16.7%); 14 (n=5, 13.9%); 5 (n=4, 11.1%); 6B (n=4, 11.1%); 1, 18C, and 19A (n=3 each, 8.3%); 9V (n=2, 5.6%); and 3, 4, 10C, 18A, 18F, and 19F (n=1 each, 2.8%). Serotypes 6A, 14, 6B, 1, 18C, 19A, 9V, 4, 10C, and 18A showed antibiotic resistance. Clinical pneumonia incidence was 2109/100,000, with incidence being highest among children aged 28 days to <6 months (5033/100,000). Chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia incidence was 1114/100,000, with incidence being highest among children aged 28 days to <6 months (2413/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia were found to be common causes of morbidity in young children living in South Bangalore, India.

Temperature monitoring in newborns using thermospot.

OBJECTIVE: Hypothermia is a common problem in newborns. This is more so in community environment especially in low-birth weight and preterm babies. METHODS: A simple liquid crystal temperature monitoring device was used in 20 infants on a continuous basis to monitor for hypothermia. This was compared with the measurement of rectal temperature using a rectal thermometer. The colour changes and measures to be taken when hypothermia occurs was explained to the mothers and was well understood by all. RESULTS: The Thermo Spot was in agreement with the rectal temperature in 310 out of 313 measurements. This includes 299 times when temperature was normal; and 11 times when the temperature was hypothermic. It underestimated the temperature of three infants, falsely indicating hypothermia in a normothermic child with normal body temperature. It correctly identified hypothermia in every case. CONCLUSION: ThermoSpot device is a simple accurate device allowing continuous thermal monitoring of low birth weight infants, especially in resource poor setting.