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Hundreds of plant species have been domesticated to feed human civilization, while some crops have undergone de-domestication into agricultural weeds, threatening global food security. To understand the genetic and epigenetic basis of crop domestication and de-domestication, we generated DNA methylomes from 95 accessions of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon L.), cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea). We detected a significant decrease in DNA methylation over the course of rice domestication but observed an unexpected increase in DNA methylation through de-domestication. Notably, DNA methylation changes occurred in distinct genomic regions for these 2 opposite stages. Variation in DNA methylation altered the expression of nearby and distal genes through affecting chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and the formation of chromatin loops, which may contribute to morphological changes during domestication and de-domestication of rice. These insights into population epigenomics underlying rice domestication and de-domestication provide resources and tools for epigenetic breeding and sustainable agriculture.
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Domesticação , Oryza , Humanos , Oryza/genética , Variação Genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Evolução Molecular , Cromatina/genéticaRESUMO
Mitoxantrone (MX) is an effective treatment for breast cancer; however, high efflux of MX that is accomplished by breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), reducing MX's therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer. Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) and its heavy phosphorylation at S1943 have been revealed to play key roles in tumor metastasis and progression, including in breast cancer; however, their molecular function in BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we revealed that the expression of NMIIA heavy chain phosphorylation at S1943 was downregulated in BCRP-overexpressing breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A mutant increased BCRP expression and promoted the resistance of MCF-7/MX cells to MX. Meanwhile, NMIIA S1943 phosphorylation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was accompanied by the downregulation of BCRP in MCF-7/MX cells. Furthermore, stable expression of NMIIA-S1943A in MCF-7/MX cells resulted in upregulation of N-cadherin and the accumulation of ß-catenin on the cell surface, which inhibited the nucleus translocation of ß-catenin and Wnt/ß-catenin-based proliferative signaling. EGF stimulation of MCF-7/MX cells showed the downregulation of N-cadherin and ß-catenin. Our results suggest that decreased NMIIA heavy phosphorylation at S1943 increases BCRP expression and promotes MX resistance in breast cancer cells via upregulating N-cadherin expression.
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Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Neoplasias da Mama , Caderinas , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Mitoxantrona , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Regulação para Cima , Humanos , Mitoxantrona/farmacologia , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Fosforilação , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caderinas/genética , Células MCF-7 , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol and the simultaneous evolution of hydrogen from water are efficient dual-optimal routes. It is important to develop composite catalysts that combine redox properties and facilitate electron-hole separation and transport. Herein, the bimetallic-doped Mo-ZIS@Ti photocatalyst was designed and synthesized, and the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and hydrogen evolution by water splitting was realized at the same time. Under visible light irradiation, benzyl alcohol was completely converted with more than 99% selectivity for benzaldehyde, and the H2 production rate was 5.6 times higher than the initial ZIS. The exceptional catalytic performance was ascribed to utilizing Ti-MIL-125 as a precursor, wherein slowly releasing-doped Ti formed robust Ti-S bonds that quickly transfer electrons and reduce sites. Meanwhile, doping Mo effectively captures photogenerated holes and acts as active sites for oxidation reactions. Both experimental characterization and work function calculations demonstrate that the bimetallic synergism effectively modulates the electronic structure of ZIS, promotes the directional separation of electrons and holes, and significantly improves the photoactivity and stability of ZIS. This work contributes a route to obtain benzaldehyde and green hydrogen at the same time and also gives new insights for the construction and mechanism study of bimetallic-doping catalysts.
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BACKGROUND: The fracture risk of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated with inhaled corticosteroids is controversial. And some large-scale randomized controlled trials have not solved this problem. The purpose of our systematic review and meta-analysis including 44 RCTs is to reveal the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on the fracture risk of COPD patients. METHODS: Two reviewers independently retrieved randomized controlled trials of inhaled corticosteroids or combinations of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was a fracture event. This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022366778). RESULTS: Forty-four RCTs were performed in 87,594 patients. Inhaled therapy containing ICSs (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.04-1.37; P = 0.010), especially ICS/LABA (RR, 1.30; 95%CI, 1.10-1.53; P = 0.002) and triple therapy (RR, 1.49; 95%CI, 1.03-2.17; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with the increased risk of fracture in COPD patients when compared with inhaled therapy without ICSs. Subgroup analyses showed that treatment duration ≥ 12 months (RR, 1.19; 95%CI, 1.04-1.38; P = 0.01), budesonide therapy (RR, 1.64; 95%CI., 1.07-2.51; P = 0.02), fluticasone furoate therapy (RR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.05-1.78; P = 0.02), mean age of study participants ≥ 65 (RR, 1.27; 95%CI, 1.01-1.61; P = 0.04), and GOLD stage III(RR, 1.18; 95%CI, 1.00-1.38; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with an increased risk of fracture. In addition, budesonide ≥ 320 ug bid via MDI (RR, 1.75; 95%CI, 1.07-2.87; P = 0.03) was significantly associated with the increased risk of fracture. CONCLUSION: Inhalation therapy with ICSs, especially ICS/LABA or triple therapy, increased the risk of fracture in patients with COPD compared with inhaled therapy without ICS. Treatment duration, mean age of participants, GOLD stage, drug dosage form, and drug dose participated in this association. Moreover, different inhalation devices of the same drug also had differences in risk of fracture.
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Corticosteroides , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Humanos , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Budesonida/efeitos adversos , Duração da Terapia , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The inspection of railway fasteners to assess their clamping force can be used to evaluate the looseness of the fasteners and improve railway safety. Although there are various methods for inspecting railway fasteners, there is still a need for non-contact, fast inspection without installing additional devices on fasteners. In this study, a system that uses digital fringe projection technology to measure the 3D topography of the fastener was developed. This system inspects the looseness through a series of algorithms, including point cloud denoising, coarse registration based on fast point feature histograms (FPFH) features, fine registration based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm, specific region selection, kernel density estimation, and ridge regression. Unlike the previous inspection technology, which can only measure the geometric parameters of fasteners to characterize the tightness, this system can directly estimate the tightening torque and the bolt clamping force. Experiments on WJ-8 fasteners showed a root mean square error of 9.272 N·m and 1.94 kN for the tightening torque and clamping force, demonstrating that the system is sufficiently precise to replace manual measurement and can substantially improve inspection efficiency while evaluating railway fastener looseness.
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BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate accumulation of photosynthetic organs, mainly leaves, are the primary sources of grain yield in cereals. The flag leaf plays a vital role in seed development, which is probably the most neglected morphological characteristic during traditional selection processes. RESULTS: In this experiment, four flag leaf morphological traits and seven yield-related traits were investigated in a DH population derived from a cross between a wild barley and an Australian malting barley cultivar. Flag leaf thickness (FLT) showed significantly positive correlations with grain size. Four QTL, located on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, and 5H, respectively, were identified for FLT. Among them, a major QTL was located on chromosome 3H with a LOD value of 18.4 and determined 32% of the phenotypic variation. This QTL showed close links but not pleiotropism to the previously reported semi-dwarf gene sdw1 from the cultivated barley. This QTL was not reported before and the thick leaf allele from the wild barley could provide a useful source for improving grain yield through breeding. CONCLUSIONS: Our results also provided valuable evidence that source traits and sink traits in barley are tightly connected and suggest further improvement of barley yield potential with enhanced and balanced source and sink relationships by exploiting potentialities of the wild barley resources. Moreover, this study will provide a novel sight on understanding the evolution and development of leaf morphology in barley and improving barley production by rewilding for lost superior traits during plant evolution.
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Hordeum , Austrália , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Grão Comestível/genética , Hordeum/genética , Fenótipo , Melhoramento Vegetal , Folhas de Planta/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) have a higher risk of dementia and commonly demonstrate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study aimed to examine the effect of a memory training program for individuals with SMC, and whether additional group counseling aimed at alleviating depression and anxiety would boost memory training gains. DESIGN: A three-armed, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC, age ≥60. METHODS: Participants (n = 124) were randomly assigned to memory training (MT), group counseling (GC), or GC + MT intervention. The GT + MT group received 3 sessions of group counseling followed by a 4-week memory training, while the MT group attended reading and memory training, and the GC group received group counseling and health lectures. Cognitive function and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-intervention. RESULTS: After group counseling, the GC + MT and GC groups showed reduced symptoms of anxiety compared to the MT group. Memory training enhanced associative learning in both MT and GC + MT groups compare with the GC group, but the GC + MT group demonstrated a larger memory improvement (Cohen's d = 0.57) than the MT group (Cohen's d = 0.44). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Group counseling decreased symptoms of anxiety, memory training increased associative learning, and the combination of two intervention induced larger memory gain than memory training alone. The results suggest that it may need to integrate treatment for anxiety into memory training for older adults with SMC to achieve better intervention effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-IOR-15006165 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
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Aprendizagem , Transtornos da Memória , Idoso , Ansiedade/terapia , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Cognição , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Grain weight and grain shape are important agronomic traits that affect the grain yield potential and grain quality of rice. Both grain weight and grain shape are controlled by multiple genes. The 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (3 K RGP) greatly facilitates the discovery of agriculturally important genetic variants and germplasm resources for grain weight and grain shape. RESULTS: Abundant natural variations and distinct phenotic differentiation among the subgroups in grain weight and grain shape were observed in a large population of 2,453 accessions from the 3 K RGP. A total of 21 stable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for the four traits were consistently identified in at least two of 3-year trials by genome-wide association study (GWAS), including six new QTNs (qTGW3.1, qTGW9, qTGW11, qGL4/qRLW4, qGL10, and qRLW1) for grain weight and grain shape. We further predicted seven candidate genes (Os03g0186600, Os09g0544400, Os11g0163600, Os04g0580700, Os10g0399700, Os10g0400100 and Os01g0171000) for the six new QTNs by high-density association and gene-based haplotype analyses. The favorable haplotypes of the seven candidate genes and five previously cloned genes in elite accessions with high TGW and RLW are also provided. CONCLUSIONS: Our results deepen the understanding of the genetic basis of grain weight and grain shape in rice and provide valuable information for improving rice grain yield and grain quality through molecular breeding.
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Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Oryza , Alelos , Grão Comestível/genética , Oryza/genética , Locos de Características QuantitativasRESUMO
Overexpression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) plays a crucial role in the acquired multidrug resistance (MDR) in breast cancer. The elucidation of molecular events that confer BCRP-mediated MDR is of major therapeutic importance in breast cancer. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in tumor progression and drug resistance in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, the role of EpCAM in BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we revealed that EpCAM expression was upregulated in BCRP-overexpressing breast cancer MCF-7/MX cells, and EpCAM knockdown using siRNA reduced BCRP expression and increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/MX cells to mitoxantrone (MX). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoted BCRP-mediated MDR in breast cancer cells, and EpCAM knockdown partially suppressed EMT progression in MCF-7/MX cells. In addition, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling was activated in MCF-7/MX cells, and the inhibition of this signaling attenuated EpCAM and BCRP expression and partially reversed EMT. Together, this study illustrates that EpCAM upregulation by Wnt/ß-catenin signaling induces partial EMT to promote BCRP-mediated MDR resistance in breast cancer cells. EpCAM may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming BCRP-mediated resistance in human breast cancer.
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Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/biossíntese , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/fisiologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/fisiologia , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/biossíntese , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/antagonistas & inibidores , Molécula de Adesão da Célula Epitelial/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Mitoxantrona/farmacologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer subtype lacking effective treatment options, and p53 is the most frequently mutated or deleted gene. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) is an extracellular metallocarboxypeptidase, which was closely associated with aggressiveness. Although a recent study indicated that CPA4 could induce epithelialmesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, no studies investigated its stemness-related function and the correlation between CPA4 and p53 in TNBC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the CPA4 levels in breast cancer tissues and analyze its association with p53, and study its roles in cancer stemness maintenance. Methods: CPA4 mRNA level and its prognostic value were analyzed by using online database UALCAN (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu) and Kaplan-Meier plotter (www.kmplot.com), respectively. The expression of CPA4, p53 and ALDH1A1 in breast cancer and adjacent normal tissues were evaluated by IHC using the corresponding primary antibodies on a commercial tissue array (Shanghai Biochip Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). siRNA knockdown was used to study the function of proliferation, colony formation assay and sphere formation in serum-free medium. Results: Analysis of the UALCAN datasets identified that CPA4 mRNA levels were elevated in TNBC, especially in the TP53-mutant subgroup. Furthermore, high levels of CPA4 mRNA were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival OS in breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistical analysis demonstrated that CPA4 levels were elevated in 32.1% of breast cancer samples (45/140), and the positive rates of ALDH1A1 and p53 in the breast cancer tissues were 25% (35/140) and 50% (70/140), respectively. Statistical analysis revealed high levels of CPA4 was significantly associated with TNBC phenotype. Correlation analysis indicated that CPA4 over-expression was positively associated with ALDH1A1 (P<0.01) and negatively correlated with p53 (P<0.05). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, either high CPA4 or ALDH1A1 levels was significantly correlated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Functional studies demonstrated that down-regulation of CPA4 significantly inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, colony-formation assays in soft agar and sphere formation in serum-free medium. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time that CPA4 was negatively correlates with p53 expression and inhibition of CPA4 could reduce the number of breast cancer cells with stemness property. It might be a potential target for the TNBC treatment.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidases A/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carboxipeptidases A/análise , Carboxipeptidases A/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Autorrenovação Celular , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/mortalidade , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Clostridioides difficile may colonize healthy infants and young children asymptomatically and for the long-term. C. difficile genotypes and the rate and determinants of colonization differ substantially and vary among countries and regions. A 1-year follow-up study was performed to determine the incidence, kinetics and influencing factors of C. difficile intestinal colonization. METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy infants (14 girls and 15 boys) living at home with their parents in Handan City were followed by survey from birth to 1 year of age, specifically from October 2014 through December 2015. C. difficile isolates were typed by PCR ribotyping and analyzed for the presence of toxin genes. RESULTS: During the follow-up study period in the first year of life, 20 of the 29 total enrolled infants acquired C. difficile. A total of 437 fecal samples were obtained, and 111 (25.4%) samples contained C. difficile, including 79 (71.2%) toxigenic strains. The toxigenic isolates comprised six PCR ribotypes, and two PCR ribotypes were identified as nontoxigenic strains. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that C. difficile colonization increase with age during the 12-month period, and the dominant toxigenic types of C. difficile isolates in infants were those involved in long-term colonization. Feeding patterns may affect the dynamic progress of C. difficile colonization.
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Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Biodiversidade , China/epidemiologia , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano , Fezes/microbiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Genótipo , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Intestinos/microbiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 16S , RibotipagemRESUMO
Reductive carboxylation of organo (pseudo)halides with CO2 is a powerful method to provide carboxylic acids quickly. Notably, the catalytic reductive carbo-carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons via CO2 fixation is a highly challenging but desirable approach for structurally diverse carboxylic acids. There are only a few reports and no examples of alkenes via transition metal catalysis. We report the first asymmetric reductive carbo-carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 via nickel catalysis. A variety of aryl (pseudo)halides, such as aryl bromides, aryl triflates and inert aryl chlorides of particular note, undergo the reaction smoothly to give important oxindole-3-acetic acid derivatives bearing a C3-quaternary stereocenter. This transformation features mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, facile scalability, good to excellent chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivities. The method highlights the formal synthesis of (-)-Esermethole, (-)-Physostigmine and (-)-Physovenine, and the total synthesis of (-)-Debromoflustramideâ B, (-)-Debromoflustramineâ B and (+)-Coixspirolactamâ A; thereby, opening an avenue for the total synthesis of chiral natural products with CO2 .
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Clostridioides difficile is a colonizer of the human gut; asymptomatic colonization has been reported to be more common in infants and is highly variable across regions even with no symptoms of diarrhea or death. Antibiotic treatment strategies might increase the antibiotic resistance of C. difficile. We performed a one-point study involving 1098 healthy infants (0-36 months) to address the deficiency of reports on C. difficile colonization in Chinese community infants. The C. difficile colonization rate was 22.8% (250/1098), and more than half of the strains (55.2%) were toxigenic isolates. Among the 138 toxigenic isolates, 111 were of the A+B+CDT- genotype, 26 strains were A-B+CDT-, and one strain was A+B+CDT+. Fifteen different PCR ribotypes were found among the 250 isolates, and PCR-ribotype HB03 appeared to be dominant type, accounting for 19.6% (49/250). High levels of resistance to antimicrobial agents were observed. Our study showed that age and hospitalization before stool collection were positively correlated with the C. difficile colonization rate, whereas the delivery term was negatively related to the colonization rate. Particular attention should be paid to the increasing resistance of C. difficile to rifamycin.
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Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Povo Asiático , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , China/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Genótipo , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Lactente , Epidemiologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , RibotipagemRESUMO
Clostridium difficile multilocus sequence type 37 (ST37), which mainly corresponds to ribotype 017, has been a dominant genotype circulating in China. In this study, we report the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze and characterize 204 C. difficile clinical isolates, including 49 ST37 and 155 non-ST37 isolates collected in China and other countries. The distributions of two major protein peaks (m/z 3,242 and 3,286) were significantly different between ST37 and non-ST37 prototype strains and clinical isolates. This difference was reproducible when analysis was performed on different colonies in different runs. This finding was repeated and confirmed by both bioMérieux Vitek MS and Bruker Microflex LT systems on isolates recovered from a variety of geographic regions worldwide. The combination of the two peaks was present in 47 of 49 ST37 isolates, resulting in a sensitivity of 95.9%. In contrast, the peak combination was absent in 153 of 155 non-ST37 isolates, resulting in a specificity of 98.7%. Our results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and reliable tool to identify C. difficile genotype ST37. Work is in progress to characterize the two molecules having peaks at m/z 3,242 and 3,286, which appear to be specific to C. difficile genotype ST37.
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Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Análise por Conglomerados , Genótipo , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Mounting evidence suggests that enriched mental, physical, and socially stimulating activities are beneficial for counteracting age-related decreases in brain function and cognition in older adults. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate the functional plasticity of brain activity in response to a combined cognitive-psychological-physical intervention and investigated the contribution of the intervention-related brain changes to individual performance in healthy older adults. The intervention was composed of a 6-week program of combined activities including cognitive training, Tai Chi exercise, and group counseling. The results showed improved cognitive performance and reorganized regional homogeneity of spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the superior and middle temporal gyri, and the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, in the participants who attended the intervention. Intriguingly, the intervention-induced changes in the coherence of local spontaneous activity correlated with the improvements in individual cognitive performance. Taken together with our previous findings of enhanced resting-state functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe regions following a combined intervention program in older adults, we conclude that the functional plasticity of the aging brain is a rather complex process, and an effective cognitive-psychological-physical intervention is helpful for maintaining a healthy brain and comprehensive cognition during old age.
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Envelhecimento , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Terapias Mente-Corpo , Plasticidade Neuronal , Idoso , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
The DNA structures could be altered or even damaged by exogeous or endogenous factors during cell proliferation. Failure of effective and timely repair will lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. By taking the advantage of the quick proliferation of cancer cells, DNA damage induction, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion have become important strategies for ant-cancer chemotherapy. Previous reports showed that an array of natural compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inducing DNA damage, which have therapeutic potentials for anti-cancer drug research and development.
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Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Dano ao DNA , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , HumanosRESUMO
Photocatalytic splitting of the Cß-O bond is regarded as a prospective strategy for transforming lignin, and it is imperative to develop novel photocatalysts with effective photogenerated charges separation and solar absorption capacity. Herein, a novel hollow ZIF-8/CdS heterostructure photocatalyst was synthesized for the catalytic splitting of lignin Cß-O bonds. The photocatalytic cleavage rate of Cß-O bond of ligin ß-O-4 reached 30.3âmmolâh-1âg-1 within 20 min under visible light exposure. It is noteworthy that the utilization of intricate natural lignin molecules in this photocatalytic system has yielded successful depolymerization. The DFT and XPS results indicate a potential unidirectional electron migration from ZIF-8 to CdS in ZIF-8/CdS composites transfer. This electron transport path follows the direct Z-scheme heterostructure mechanism, resulting in the generation of an internal electric field between ZIF-8 and CdS. Impressively, the synergistic combination of the hollow structure and Z-scheme heterostructure effectively enhances the efficiency of charge carrier separation and maintains a robust redox potential, thereby facilitating Cα-radical generation. This study proposes a novel photocatalyst design strategy that integrates hollow structures and Z-scheme heterojunctions, with the aim of targeting the depolymerization of the Cß-O bond in lignin.
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A palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkenylation for the assembly of synthetically valuable isoxazolyl vinylsilane derivative has been accomplished. Easily accessible ynone oximes, and available vinylsilane agents were used as the reaction starting materials This protocol features broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and good step- and atom-economy. Remarkably, this approach provides a new approach for the construction of structurally diverse isoxazolyl-containing vinylsilanes with high molecular complexity, showing a promising application in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Soil salinity imposes osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses on plants, resulting in growth inhibition, developmental changes, metabolic adaptations, and ion sequestration or exclusion. Identifying salinity-tolerant resources and understanding physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance could lay a foundation for the improvement of salinity tolerance in rice. In this study, a series of salinity-tolerance-related morphological and physiological traits were investigated in 46 rice genotypes, including Sea Rice 86, to reveal the main strategies of rice in responding to salinity stress at the seedling stage. No genotypes showed the same tolerance level as the two landraces Pokkali and Nona Bokra, which remain the donors for improving the salinity tolerance of rice. However, due to undesirable agronomic traits of these donors, alternative cultivars such as JC118S and R1 are recommended as novel source of salinity tolerance. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings is not only controlled by growth vigor but also regulated by ion transport pathways such as long-distance Na+ transport, root Na+ sequestration, and root K+ retention. Therefore, such key traits should be targeted in future breeding programs as the strategy of obtaining better Na+ exclusion is still the bottleneck for improving salinity tolerance in rice.
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BACKGROUND: The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent Omicron variant has raised concerns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients due to the potential risk of disruptions to healthcare services and unknown comorbidities between COPD and Omicron. METHOD: In this study, we conducted a follow-up investigation of 315 COPD patients during the Omicron outbreak at Shanxi Bethune Hospital to understand the impact of the pandemic on this vulnerable population. Among all patients, 228 were infected with Omicron, of which 82 needed hospitalizations. RESULT: We found that COPD patients with high blood eosinophil (EOS) counts exhibited lower susceptibility to Omicron infection and were more likely to have milder symptoms that did not require hospitalization. Conversely, patients with low EOS counts showed higher rates of infection and hospitalization. Moreover, EOS count was positively correlated with T lymphocyte counts in hospitalized patients after Omicron infection, suggesting potential associations between EOS and specific immune responses in COPD patients during viral infections. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between EOS count and lymphocyte and T-cells, and a negative correlation between EOS count and age, neutrophil, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study contributes to the knowledge of COPD management during the COVID-19 Omicron outbreak and emphasizes the importance of considering individual immune profiles to improve care for COPD patients in the face of the ongoing global health crisis.