RESUMO
The Rac-GEF, P-Rex1, activates Rac1 signaling downstream of G protein-coupled receptors and PI3K. Increased P-Rex1 expression promotes melanoma progression; however, its role in breast cancer is complex, with differing reports of the effect of its expression on disease outcome. To address this we analyzed human databases, undertook gene array expression analysis, and generated unique murine models of P-Rex1 gain or loss of function. Analysis of PREX1 mRNA expression in breast cancer cDNA arrays and a METABRIC cohort revealed that higher PREX1 mRNA in ER+ve/luminal tumors was associated with poor outcome in luminal B cancers. Prex1 deletion in MMTV-neu or MMTV-PyMT mice reduced Rac1 activation in vivo and improved survival. High level MMTV-driven transgenic PREX1 expression resulted in apicobasal polarity defects and increased mammary epithelial cell proliferation associated with hyperplasia and development of de novo mammary tumors. MMTV-PREX1 expression in MMTV-neu mice increased tumor initiation and enhanced metastasis in vivo, but had no effect on primary tumor growth. Pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 or MEK1/2 reduced P-Rex1-driven tumoroid formation and cell invasion. Therefore, P-Rex1 can act as an oncogene and cooperate with HER2/neu to enhance breast cancer initiation and metastasis, despite having no effect on primary tumor growth.
Assuntos
Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais , Metástase Neoplásica , Animais , Polaridade Celular/genética , Feminino , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/genética , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Masculino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/patologiaRESUMO
p53 is a transcription factor that mediates tumor suppressor responses. Correct folding of the p53 protein is essential for these activities, and point mutations that induce conformational instability of p53 are frequently found in cancers. These mutant p53s not only lose wild-type activity but can also acquire the ability to promote invasion and metastasis. We show that folding of wild-type p53 is promoted by an interaction with the chaperonin CCT. Depletion of this chaperone in cells results in the accumulation of misfolded p53, leading to a reduction in p53-dependent gene expression. Intriguingly, p53 proteins mutated to prevent the interaction with CCT show conformational instability and acquire an ability to promote invasion and random motility that is similar to the activity of tumor-derived p53 mutants. Our data therefore suggest that both growth suppression and cell invasion may be differentially regulated functions of wild-type p53.
Assuntos
Chaperoninas do Grupo II/metabolismo , Dobramento de Proteína , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Genes Reporter , Chaperoninas do Grupo II/química , Humanos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Luciferases de Vaga-Lume/biossíntese , Luciferases de Vaga-Lume/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , Ligação Proteica , Domínios e Motivos de Interação entre Proteínas , Estabilidade Proteica , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Subunidades Proteicas/química , Subunidades Proteicas/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/química , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genéticaRESUMO
Molecular mobility, localisation and spatiotemporal activity are at the core of cell biological processes and deregulation of these dynamic events can underpin disease development and progression. Recent advances in intravital imaging techniques in mice are providing new avenues to study real-time molecular behaviour in intact tissues within a live organism and to gain exciting insights into the intricate regulation of live cell biology at the microscale level. The monitoring of fluorescently labelled proteins and agents can be combined with autofluorescent properties of the microenvironment to provide a comprehensive snapshot of in vivo cell biology. In this Review, we summarise recent intravital microscopy approaches in mice, in processes ranging from normal development and homeostasis to disease progression and treatment in cancer, where we emphasise the utility of intravital imaging to observe dynamic and transient events in vivo We also highlight the recent integration of advanced subcellular imaging techniques into the intravital imaging pipeline, which can provide in-depth biological information beyond the single-cell level. We conclude with an outlook of ongoing developments in intravital microscopy towards imaging in humans, as well as provide an overview of the challenges the intravital imaging community currently faces and outline potential ways for overcoming these hurdles.
Assuntos
Microscopia Intravital/tendências , Imagem Molecular/tendências , Neoplasias/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Neoplasias/ultraestruturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ERBB2 is known to dimerize with other EGFR family members, particularly ERBB3, through which it potently activates PI3K signalling. Antibody-mediated inhibition of this ERBB2/ERBB3/PI3K axis has been a cornerstone of treatment for ERBB2-amplified breast cancer patients for two decades. However, the lack of response and the rapid onset of relapse in many patients now question the assumption that the ERBB2/ERBB3 heterodimer is the sole relevant effector target of these therapies. METHODS: Through a systematic protein-protein interaction screen, we have identified and validated alternative RTKs that interact with ERBB2. Using quantitative readouts of signalling pathway activation and cell proliferation, we have examined their influence upon the mechanism of trastuzumab- and pertuzumab-mediated inhibition of cell growth in ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft model. RESULTS: We now demonstrate that inactivation of ERBB3/PI3K by these therapeutic antibodies is insufficient to inhibit the growth of ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cells. Instead, we show extensive promiscuity between ERBB2 and an array of RTKs from outside of the EGFR family. Paradoxically, pertuzumab also acts as an artificial ligand to promote ERBB2 activation and ERK signalling, through allosteric activation by a subset of these non-canonical RTKs. However, this unexpected activation mechanism also increases the sensitivity of the receptor network to the ERBB2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib, which in combination with pertuzumab, displays a synergistic effect in single-agent resistant cell lines and PDX models. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction of ERBB2 with a number of non-canonical RTKs activates a compensatory signalling response following treatment with pertuzumab, although a counter-intuitive combination of ERBB2 antibody therapy and a kinase inhibitor can overcome this innate therapeutic resistance.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Multimerização Proteica , Receptor ErbB-2/química , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Trastuzumab/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
An efficient and scalable synthesis of a key acyclic intermediate used for the preparation of migrastatin and its macroketone analogue is described; Brown alkoxyallylation is the key step for this synthesis. The macroketone was prepared on 100 mg scale by this route. Treatment of invasive pancreatic cancer cells grown on a cell-derived matrix or as subcutaneous tumours in nude mice with the macroketone inhibited E-cadherin dynamics in a manner consistent with increased cell adhesion and reduced invasive potential.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Caderinas/análise , Macrolídeos/síntese química , Macrolídeos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Piperidonas/síntese química , Piperidonas/uso terapêutico , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Caderinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Caderinas/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Recuperação de Fluorescência Após Fotodegradação , Humanos , Macrolídeos/química , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Piperidonas/química , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Assessment of hypoxia, nutrients, metabolite gradients, and other hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment within 3D multicellular spheroid and organoid models represents a challenging analytical task. Here, we report red/near-infrared (NIR) emitting cell staining with O2-sensitive nanoparticles, which enable measurements of spheroid oxygenation on a conventional fluorescence microscope. Nanosensor probes, termed "MMIR" (multimodal infrared), incorporate an NIR O2-sensitive metalloporphyrin (PtTPTBPF) and deep red aza-BODIPY reference dyes within a biocompatible polymer shell, allowing for oxygen gradient quantification via fluorescence ratio and phosphorescence lifetime readouts. We optimized staining techniques and evaluated the nanosensor probe characteristics and cytotoxicity. Subsequently, we applied nanosensors to the live spheroid models based on HCT116, DPSCs, and SKOV3 cells, at rest, and treated with drugs affecting cell respiration. We found that the growth medium viscosity, spheroid size, and formation method influenced spheroid oxygenation. Some spheroids produced from HCT116 and dental pulp stem cells exhibited "inverted" oxygenation gradients, with higher core oxygen levels than the periphery. This contrasted with the frequently encountered "normal" gradient of hypoxia toward the core caused by diffusion. Further microscopy analysis of spheroids with an "inverted" gradient demonstrated metabolic stratification of cells within spheroids: thus, autofluorescence FLIM of NAD(P)H indicated the formation of a glycolytic core and localization of OxPhos-active cells at the periphery. Collectively, we demonstrate a strong potential of NIR-emitting ratiometric nanosensors for advanced microscopy studies targeting live and quantitative real-time monitoring of cell metabolism and hypoxia in complex 3D tissue models.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Oxigênio , Esferoides Celulares , Humanos , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Oxigênio/química , Nanopartículas/química , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Raios Infravermelhos , Metaloporfirinas/química , Metaloporfirinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Cells migrating through complex three-dimensional environments experience considerable physical challenges, including tensile stress and compression. To move, cells need to resist these forces while also squeezing the large nucleus through confined spaces. This requires highly coordinated cortical contractility. Microtubules can both resist compressive forces and sequester key actomyosin regulators to ensure appropriate activation of contractile forces. Yet, how these two roles are integrated to achieve nuclear transmigration in three dimensions is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that compression triggers reinforcement of a dedicated microtubule structure at the rear of the nucleus by the mechanoresponsive recruitment of cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins, which dynamically strengthens and repairs the lattice. These reinforced microtubules form the mechanostat: an adaptive feedback mechanism that allows the cell to both withstand compressive force and spatiotemporally organize contractility signalling pathways. The microtubule mechanostat facilitates nuclear positioning and coordinates force production to enable the cell to pass through constrictions. Disruption of the mechanostat imbalances cortical contractility, stalling migration and ultimately resulting in catastrophic cell rupture. Our findings reveal a role for microtubules as cellular sensors that detect and respond to compressive forces, enabling movement and ensuring survival in mechanically demanding environments.
RESUMO
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of the lymph node (LN) parenchyma orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and peripheral T cell dynamics. T cell responses to immunotherapy largely rely on peripheral T cell recruitment in tumors. Yet, a systematic and molecular understanding of how LECs within the LNs control T cell dynamics under steady-state and tumor-bearing conditions is lacking. Intravital imaging combined with immune phenotyping shows that LEC-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 alters intranodal positioning of lymphocytes and accrues their persistence in the LNs by increasing the availability of the main egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-draining LNs shows that loss of ATG5 remodels niche-specific LEC phenotypes involved in molecular pathways regulating lymphocyte trafficking and LEC-T cell interactions. Functionally, loss of LEC autophagy prevents recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T and natural killer cells and abrogates response to immunotherapy. Thus, an LEC-autophagy program boosts immune-checkpoint responses by guiding systemic T cell dynamics.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Linfonodos , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Linfócitos T , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linfonodos/imunologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteína 5 Relacionada à Autofagia/metabolismo , Proteína 5 Relacionada à Autofagia/genética , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Esfingosina/farmacologia , Esfingosina/metabolismo , Humanos , Lisofosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Movimento CelularRESUMO
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by increasing fibrosis, which can enhance tumor progression and spread. Here, we undertook an unbiased temporal assessment of the matrisome of the highly metastatic KPC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, LSL-Trp53R172H/+) and poorly metastatic KPflC (Pdx1-Cre, LSL-KrasG12D/+, Trp53fl/+) genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer using mass spectrometry proteomics. Our assessment at early-, mid-, and late-stage disease reveals an increased abundance of nidogen-2 (NID2) in the KPC model compared to KPflC, with further validation showing that NID2 is primarily expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Using biomechanical assessments, second harmonic generation imaging, and birefringence analysis, we show that NID2 reduction by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) in CAFs reduces stiffness and matrix remodeling in three-dimensional models, leading to impaired cancer cell invasion. Intravital imaging revealed improved vascular patency in live NID2-depleted tumors, with enhanced response to gemcitabine/Abraxane. In orthotopic models, NID2 CRISPRi tumors had less liver metastasis and increased survival, highlighting NID2 as a potential PDAC cotarget.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Proteômica , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/metabolismo , Fibroblastos Associados a Câncer/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fibrose , Gencitabina , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Proteômica/métodosRESUMO
In recent decades, the role of tumor biomechanics on cancer cell behavior at the primary site has been increasingly appreciated. However, the effect of primary tumor biomechanics on the latter stages of the metastatic cascade, such as metastatic seeding of secondary sites and outgrowth remains underappreciated. This work sought to address this in the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a cancer type known to aggressively disseminate at all stages of disease progression. Using mechanically tuneable model systems, mimicking the range of stiffness's typically found within breast tumors, it is found that, contrary to expectations, cancer cells exposed to softer microenvironments are more able to colonize secondary tissues. It is shown that heightened cell survival is driven by enhanced metabolism of fatty acids within TNBC cells exposed to softer microenvironments. It is demonstrated that uncoupling cellular mechanosensing through integrin ß1 blocking antibody effectively causes stiff primed TNBC cells to behave like their soft counterparts, both in vitro and in vivo. This work is the first to show that softer tumor microenvironments may be contributing to changes in disease outcome by imprinting on TNBC cells a greater metabolic flexibility and conferring discrete cell survival advantages.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Humanos , Feminino , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
Although initially successful, treatments with chemotherapy often fail because of the recurrence of chemoresistant metastases. Since these tumors develop after treatment, resistance is generally thought to occur in response to chemotherapy. However, alternative mechanisms of intrinsic chemoresistance in the chemotherapy-naïve setting may exist but remain poorly understood. Here, we study drug-naïve murine breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) to identify how cancer cells growing in a secondary site can acquire intrinsic chemoresistance without cytotoxic agent exposure. We demonstrate that drug-naïve murine breast cancer cells that form cancer lesions in the brain undergo vascular mimicry and concomitantly express the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a common marker of brain endothelial cells. We reveal that expression of BCRP by the BCBM tumor cells protects them against doxorubicin and topotecan. We conclude that BCRP overexpression can cause intrinsic chemoresistance in cancer cells growing in metastatic sites without prior chemotherapy exposure.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias da Mama , Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Membro 2 da Subfamília G de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly rising largely because of increased obesity leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a known HCC risk factor. There are no approved treatments to treat NASH. Here, we first used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to characterize a mouse model that mimics human NASH-driven HCC, the MUP-uPA mouse fed a high-fat diet. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation was observed in a subset of hepatocytes that was enriched in mice that progress to HCC. We next treated MUP-uPA mice with the ER stress inhibitor BGP-15 and soluble gp130Fc, a drug that blocks inflammation by preventing interleukin-6 trans-signaling. Both drugs have progressed to phase 2/3 human clinical trials for other indications. We show that this combined therapy reversed NASH and reduced NASH-driven HCC. Our data suggest that these drugs could provide a potential therapy for NASH progression to HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevenção & controle , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevenção & controle , Hepatócitos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Gene expression noise is known to promote stochastic drug resistance through the elevated expression of individual genes in rare cancer cells. However, we now demonstrate that chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells emerge at a much higher frequency when the influence of noise is integrated across multiple components of an apoptotic signaling network. Using a JNK activity biosensor with longitudinal high-content and in vivo intravital imaging, we identify a population of stochastic, JNK-impaired, chemoresistant cells that exist because of noise within this signaling network. Furthermore, we reveal that the memory of this initially random state is retained following chemotherapy treatment across a series of in vitro, in vivo, and patient models. Using matched PDX models established at diagnosis and relapse from individual patients, we show that HDAC inhibitor priming cannot erase the memory of this resistant state within relapsed neuroblastomas but improves response in the first-line setting by restoring drug-induced JNK activity within the chemoresistant population of treatment-naïve tumors.
Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neuroblastoma , Humanos , Apoptose , Transdução de Sinais , Inibidores de Histona DesacetilasesRESUMO
The lysyl oxidase family represents a promising target in stromal targeting of solid tumors due to the importance of this family in crosslinking and stabilizing fibrillar collagens and its known role in tumor desmoplasia. Using small-molecule drug-design approaches, we generated and validated PXS-5505, a first-in-class highly selective and potent pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor. We demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that pan-lysyl oxidase inhibition decreases chemotherapy-induced pancreatic tumor desmoplasia and stiffness, reduces cancer cell invasion and metastasis, improves tumor perfusion and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy in the autochthonous genetically engineered KPC model, while also demonstrating antifibrotic effects in human patient-derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. PXS-5505 is orally bioavailable, safe and effective at inhibiting lysyl oxidase activity in tissues. Our findings present the rationale for progression of a pan-lysyl oxidase inhibitor aimed at eliciting a reduction in stromal matrix to potentiate chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Pancreatopatias , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Gencitabina , Proteína-Lisina 6-Oxidase , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Aberrant AKT activation occurs in a number of cancers, metabolic syndrome, and immune disorders, making it an important target for the treatment of many diseases. To monitor spatial and temporal AKT activity in a live setting, we generated an Akt-FRET biosensor mouse that allows longitudinal assessment of AKT activity using intravital imaging in conjunction with image stabilization and optical window technology. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the Akt-FRET biosensor mouse using various cancer models and verify its suitability to monitor response to drug targeting in spheroid and organotypic models. We also show that the dynamics of AKT activation can be monitored in real time in diverse tissues, including in individual islets of the pancreas, in the brown and white adipose tissue, and in the skeletal muscle. Thus, the Akt-FRET biosensor mouse provides an important tool to study AKT dynamics in live tissue contexts and has broad preclinical applications.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Camundongos , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência/métodos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodosRESUMO
The tumour stroma, and in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a salient feature of solid tumours that plays a crucial role in shaping their progression. Many desmoplastic tumours including breast cancer involve the significant accumulation of type I collagen. However, recently it has become clear that the precise distribution and organisation of matrix molecules such as collagen I is equally as important in the tumour as their abundance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) coexist within breast cancer tissues and play both pro- and anti-tumourigenic roles through remodelling the ECM. Here, using temporal proteomic profiling of decellularized tumours, we interrogate the evolving matrisome during breast cancer progression. We identify 4 key matrisomal clusters, and pinpoint collagen type XII as a critical component that regulates collagen type I organisation. Through combining our proteomics with single-cell transcriptomics, and genetic manipulation models, we show how CAF-secreted collagen XII alters collagen I organisation to create a pro-invasive microenvironment supporting metastatic dissemination. Finally, we show in patient cohorts that collagen XII may represent an indicator of breast cancer patients at high risk of metastatic relapse.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Colágeno Tipo XII/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Colágeno , Colágeno Tipo I , Matriz Extracelular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , ProteômicaRESUMO
We previously used a pulse-based in vitro assay to unveil targetable signalling pathways associated with innate cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (Hastings et al., 2020). Here, we advanced this model system and identified a non-genetic mechanism of resistance that drives recovery and regrowth in a subset of cells. Using RNAseq and a suite of biosensors to track single-cell fates both in vitro and in vivo, we identified that early S phase cells have a greater ability to maintain proliferative capacity, which correlated with reduced DNA damage over multiple generations. In contrast, cells in G1, late S or those treated with PARP/RAD51 inhibitors, maintained higher levels of DNA damage and underwent prolonged S/G2 phase arrest and senescence. Combined with our previous work, these data indicate that there is a non-genetic mechanism of resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma that is dependent on the cell cycle stage at the time of cisplatin exposure.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carboplatina/farmacologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Camundongos , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Rad51 Recombinase , Análise de Célula Única , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Obesity is caused by an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure (EE). Here we identify a conserved pathway that links signalling through peripheral Y1 receptors (Y1R) to the control of EE. Selective antagonism of peripheral Y1R, via the non-brain penetrable antagonist BIBO3304, leads to a significant reduction in body weight gain due to enhanced EE thereby reducing fat mass. Specifically thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) due to elevated UCP1 is enhanced accompanied by extensive browning of white adipose tissue both in mice and humans. Importantly, selective ablation of Y1R from adipocytes protects against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, peripheral specific Y1R antagonism also improves glucose homeostasis mainly driven by dynamic changes in Akt activity in BAT. Together, these data suggest that selective peripheral only Y1R antagonism via BIBO3304, or a functional analogue, could be developed as a safer and more effective treatment option to mitigate diet-induced obesity.
Assuntos
Arginina/análogos & derivados , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Receptores de Neuropeptídeo Y/antagonistas & inibidores , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/citologia , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Adulto , Animais , Arginina/farmacologia , Arginina/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Células Cultivadas , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , Receptores de Neuropeptídeo Y/metabolismoRESUMO
Assessing drug response within live native tissue provides increased fidelity with regards to optimizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Here, using longitudinal intravital imaging of a Rac1-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor mouse coupled with in vivo photoswitching to track intratumoral movement, we help guide treatment scheduling in a live breast cancer setting to impair metastatic progression. We uncover altered Rac1 activity at the center versus invasive border of tumors and demonstrate enhanced Rac1 activity of cells in close proximity to live tumor vasculature using optical window imaging. We further reveal that Rac1 inhibition can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to fluid-flow-induced shear stress and therefore improves overall anti-metastatic response to therapy during transit to secondary sites such as the lung. Collectively, this study demonstrates the utility of single-cell intravital imaging in vivo to demonstrate that Rac1 inhibition can reduce tumor progression and metastases in an autochthonous setting to improve overall survival.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Aminoquinolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic, chemoresistant malignancy and is characterized by a dense, desmoplastic stroma that modulates PDAC progression. Here, we visualized transient manipulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which integrates bidirectional cell-environment signaling, using intravital fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of the FAK-based Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor in mouse and patient-derived PDAC models. Parallel real-time quantification of the FUCCI cell cycle reporter guided us to improve PDAC response to standard-of-care chemotherapy at primary and secondary sites. Critically, micropatterned pillar plates and stiffness-tunable matrices were used to pinpoint the contribution of environmental cues to chemosensitization, while fluid flowinduced shear stress assessment, patient-derived matrices, and personalized in vivo models allowed us to deconstruct how FAK inhibition can reduce PDAC spread. Last, stratification of PDAC patient samples via Merlin status revealed a patient subset with poor prognosis that are likely to respond to FAK priming before chemotherapy.