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1.
PLoS One ; 19(10): e0306205, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39401256

RESUMO

The economic, socio-political, and cultural significance of camelids in the Andean region is well-recognized, yet an understanding of their management evolution over pre-historical periods remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting the first cross-regional assessment of camelid pastoralism in Peru from 900 BCE to 1470 CE, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions from the bone collagen and fibers of 577archaeological camelids across 21 sites. This research investigates the spatio-temporal shifts in camelid dietary habits, focusing on how the rise of intensive agriculture may have influenced change and led to the evolution of distinct roles for camelids in coastal versus non-coastal Andean economies. Our analysis indicates an increase in δ13C values over time on the coast, suggesting a shift towards maize-based camelid diets. Conversely, δ13C values decrease over time in highland environments, suggesting camelids consumed relatively more wild C3 forage and/or cultivated crops such as tubers. The study also reveals a significant positive relationship between latitude and δ15N values, suggesting increasing environmental aridity enriches δ15N in bone collagen. After controlling for this latitudinal effect, we observe a rise in δ15N values in both coastal and non-coastal camelids, suggesting that in later periods camelids may have been foddered in agricultural fields that were enriched with guano or dung fertilizer used to intensify production. Importantly, this research uncovers a distinct dietary divergence between coastal and inland camelids. The observed divergence in diets suggests contrasting socio-economic uses of camelids, where coastal camelids were predominantly involved in ceremonial and political activities, while those in non-coastal areas were crucial to the subsistence economy.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Isótopos de Carbono , Colágeno , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Animais , Colágeno/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/química , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Peru , História Antiga , Camelidae/metabolismo , Arqueologia , Dieta
3.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 18504, 2022 11 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36414654

RESUMO

People could have hunted Madagascar's megafauna to extinction, particularly when introduced taxa and drought exacerbated the effects of predation. However, such explanations are difficult to test due to the scarcity of individual sites with unambiguous traces of humans, introduced taxa, and endemic megaherbivores. We excavated three coastal ponds in arid SW Madagascar and present a unique combination of traces of human activity (modified pygmy hippo bone, processed estuarine shell and fish bone, and charcoal), along with bones of extinct megafauna (giant tortoises, pygmy hippos, and elephant birds), extirpated fauna (e.g., crocodiles), and introduced vertebrates (e.g., zebu cattle). The disappearance of megafauna from the study sites at ~ 1000 years ago followed a relatively arid interval and closely coincides with increasingly frequent traces of human foraging, fire, and pastoralism. Our analyses fail to document drought-associated extirpation or multiple millennia of megafauna hunting and suggest that a late combination of hunting, forest clearance, and pastoralism drove extirpations.


Assuntos
Secas , Extinção Biológica , Animais , Humanos , Madagáscar , Vertebrados , Caça , Incêndios
4.
Sci Adv ; 6(45)2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33148651

RESUMO

Sexual division of labor with females as gatherers and males as hunters is a major empirical regularity of hunter-gatherer ethnography, suggesting an ancestral behavioral pattern. We present an archeological discovery and meta-analysis that challenge the man-the-hunter hypothesis. Excavations at the Andean highland site of Wilamaya Patjxa reveal a 9000-year-old human burial (WMP6) associated with a hunting toolkit of stone projectile points and animal processing tools. Osteological, proteomic, and isotopic analyses indicate that this early hunter was a young adult female who subsisted on terrestrial plants and animals. Analysis of Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene burial practices throughout the Americas situate WMP6 as the earliest and most secure hunter burial in a sample that includes 10 other females in statistical parity with early male hunter burials. The findings are consistent with nongendered labor practices in which early hunter-gatherer females were big-game hunters.

5.
Adv Emerg Nurs J ; 36(1): 3-8, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24487258

RESUMO

In this column, we examine an original research article by S. Torres et al. (2012) on the subject of magnesium sulfate use in pediatric patients with acute asthma. These researchers found that patients treated with 25 mg/kg of intravenous magnesium sulfate in addition to the conventional treatment options for acute asthma were less likely to require mechanical ventilation than patients in the control group. We review and critique this article and use a case study to illustrate the clinical implications of this research. We also examine some of the research and guidelines pertaining to the use of magnesium sulfate in acute asthma.


Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfato de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Progressão da Doença , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Sulfato de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Respiração Artificial
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