[Metabolic syndrome components in arterial hypertension]. / Componentes da síndrome metabólica na hipertensão arterial.

The objectives of this study were to identify and compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive individuals and people with normal blood pressure measurements. The metabolic syndrome definition used in this study is that of the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III). The data referring to the clinical and biochemical profiles were processed using the SPSS software to obtain absolute frequencies and percentages. The Student's t-test was used to compare the means, with values of p<0.05 considered statistically significant. The sample was comprised of 93 participants with normal blood pressure levels and 168 participants with hypertension. It was found that 60.7% of the individuals with hypertension had metabolic syndrome, versus 18.3% of those with normal blood pressure levels. Individuals with hypertension showed a significant difference in blood pressure levels (p<0.001), abdominal circumference (p<0.001), blood glucose (p<0.05) and plasma triglycerides (p<0.05). The frequency of cardiometabolic risks associated with metabolic syndrome is greater when hypertension is present.

[Obesity as risk factor associated with hypertension among nursing professionals of a national philanthropy health institution]. / Obesidade como fator de risco para a hipertensão entre profissionais de enfermagem de uma instituição filantrópica.

The present study analyzed the relationship between obesity and high blood pressure among nursing professionals of a philanthropic institution, with a view to the early detection of possible cases of hypertension. The study population consisted of 147 nursing professionals of ages between 20-70 years. The researcher performed structured, individual, interviews at the work site of those professionals, 91.8% of which were women; 29.2% were older than 40 years; 11.6% had a SBP > or = 140 mmHg and 6.8% DBP > or = 90 mmHg; 12.2% had obesity class I-II; 38.1% of women with a WHP > or = 0.85, 12.2% in the age range of 40-49 years; 2.1% of men with a WHR > or = 1.0, 1.4% in the age range of 40-49 years. It was found that, though nursing professionals know the severity of the disease and the importance of changing their life habits, they still find it difficult to adopt that behavior, which suggests the need to implement educational programs at the work site to help them to change their behaviors.

Raising hypertensive patients' consciousness about treatment compliance.

Descriptive study with qualitative approach that aimed to understand the perspective of health professionals and hypertensive patients on their mutual interaction in the public health context, so as to analyze how this interaction contributes to non-compliance with treatment. Interviews with 15 health professionals and 10 hypertensive patients who interacted in public health units were carried out. In the interaction between the health professional and the hypertensive user, it was concluded that, in order to solve the problem of non-compliance with treatment from the part of the user, the health professional makes use of awareness strategies. In practice, however, this has occurred inappropriately and under the biomedical care model. Users, in turn, have managed treatment their own way, indicating some issues to health professionals regarding compliance.

[The search for attitudinal commitment: tendency in the manager nurse's ethical behavior]. / La búsqueda del compromiso actitudinal: tendencia de la conducta ética del enfermero gerente.

Historically, nurses' management functions have evidenced that their conduct is compatible with programmatic commitments. This fact was observed in the analysis of 18 studies carried out in healthcare services located in different Brazilian regions. Since the 1990's, management experts have alerted that traits such as commitment, interdisciplinarity, risk, uncertainty, spirituality, and ethical involvement will frame the characteristics of the human capital of 21st century organizations. In this much more humane environment, people's integrity and their way of relating at work must be based on the dimension of BEING. In order to face the new century institutions' healthcare demands, nurses are now urged to present a conduct permeated by the ethics of the attitudinal commitment. Thus, this study aims to stimulate a critical reflection on this ethical trend of nurses and finally propose that this trend be an essential value in nursing management processes.

Hypertension among undergraduate students from Lubango, Angola.

This descriptive study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among undergraduate students in Lubango-Angola. The results obtained according to the health field model were: a) human biology: 61.3% were between 18 and 29 years old; prevalence of hypertension from 20.3 to 26.7%; 17.1% were overweight; 3.2% were obese; b) environment: 36.1% were exclusively students; 33.1% gained a family income of up to 250 dollars; c) life style: 86.2% practiced physical activity; 60.6% preferred salty food; 4.0% were smokers; 40.6% drank alcohol; d) health care: 82.8% already had their arterial pressure verified sometime in their life, and 65.4% did not remember the obtained value.

Critical incidents in the teaching-learning process of a nursing course through the perception of students and faculty.

The teaching-learning process is complex and leaves many question marks, mainly when one thinks about quality. Therefore, this study aims at identifying factors that interfere positively or negatively in the teaching-learning process, through the perspective of students and faculty of the Nursing course at the Universidade Norte do Paraná- UNOPAR. This descriptive study with a qualitative approach was carried out through the critical incidents technique. Thirty-six faculty and 140 students participated. Data analysis revealed that the students mentioned 435 critical incidents related to the category faculty behavior, being 317 negative references and 118 positive. According to the faculty members' reports, the category interaction with the group produced 58 references, being 10 positive and 48 negative. An adequate teaching-learning process requires good faculty-student and student-student relationships, favoring good interaction and efficient learning.

[Pharmacotherapy in the elderly: a review about the multidisciplinary team approach in systemic arterial hypertension control]. / A farmacoterapia no idoso: revisão sobre a abordagem multiprofissional no controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

The greater prevalence of chronic diseases like systemic arterial hypertension among elderly people results in an increase of drugs use. Therefore, the incidence of a lot of drug-related problems (DRP) rises, and this leads to many health problems in the population. Based on literature, authors emphasize the multidisciplinary team approach (physicians, nurses and pharmacists) to activities directly related with pharmacotherapy for hypertension, granting elderly persons a better comprehension about taking care of their own health, to reduce DRP and achieve satisfactory adherence.

[Analysis of nursing records in a surgical ward of a public teaching hospital]. / Análise dos registros de enfermagem em uma unidade cirúrgica de um hospital-escola público.

This article presents a systematic descriptive and retrospective study on nursing notes on patients admitted to the surgical ward of a teaching hospital in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, which aimed at their systematic analisys. Results show that the largest number of notes was made during the morning shift, and most of them were made by nurse auxiliaries. As to basic needs, psychobiological records were the most frequent, whereas there no psychospiritual records were found. It was concluded that nursing notes must be improved, and take into account integral care of patients.

White coat hypertension and nursing care.

White coat hypertension is a clinical phenomenon characterized by elevated arterial blood pressure during a visit to the physician. In this study, we will review the key published studies related to this concept as they evaluate and compare morphological and behavioural characteristics between normotensive individuals, essential hypertension, and white coat patients. A definition of white coat hypertension, as well as information about its prevalence and factors contributing to it are also provided. We will comment on the implications of this type of hypertension in nursing practice, since readings of arterial blood pressure as ascertained by a nurse usually correlate well with those taken at home, a finding that should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.

In-service nursing education delivered by videoconference.

Thirty nursing auxiliaries at a Brazilian hospital were trained in intramuscular injection at the ventrogluteal site in a lecture delivered by videoconference (over an IP connection at up to 512 kbit/s). Participants were able thereafter to practise on the same manikins used for demonstration during the lecture, until they felt confident in carrying out the procedure. They then completed an evaluation questionnaire on the use of videoconferencing as a teaching method. Most of their responses were favourable. The principal reasons given for attending the videoconference lecture were the ability to combine work and education, the opportunity to participate in an innovative approach and an interest in the subject of the lecture. The present study demonstrates the potential of videoconferencing for distance education in nursing.

Assessment of the techniques of blood pressure measurement by health professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To assess blood pressure measurement by health professionals of a public hospital in S o Paulo State. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews and direct observation were performed with a verification list according to the criteria reported by Perloff et al. One hundred and five health professionals took part in the study. After measuring blood pressure, the level of concordance between the way the procedure was performed and the recommended one was assessed. RESULTS: Nurses and nurse's aides abided by 40% of the recommended procedures for adequate blood pressure measurement. The other categories of health professionals (nursing and medicine teachers, physicians, residents, and nursing students) abided by approximately 70%. CONCLUSION: Permanent educational activities aiming at standardizing blood pressure measurement should be implemented among the different categories of health professionals.

[Gastric cancer: risk factors in patients treated in tertiary care services of a municipality in the interior of the state of Sâo Paulo]. / Câncer gástrico: fatores de risco em clientes atendidos nos serviços de atenção terciária em um município do interior paulista.

This study was developed with gastric cancer patients submitted to surgery with the purpose to identify their exposure to risk factors for the disease. Twenty-four clients who had agreed to participate by signing an informed consent term and responding a semi-structured instrument elaborated according to the Health Field perspective were the subjects in the study. The data analysis allowed to identify that 50.1% referred to inadequate diet, smoking, alcoholism and psychological problems as the responsible factors. With regard to the consumption of food considered to be harmful, there was a tendency to larger consumption of canned food, sausages, smoked and barbecued meat and fried food in addition to diets with high sodium content. 66.7% smoke or used to smoke and 70.8% indicated the consumption of alcoholic drinks, preferably beer or distilled types. These data show the need to implement educational programs with the purpose to inform about risk factors aiming at health promotion.

[Nursing fundamentals: critical incidents related to care provided in supervised training]. / Fundamentos de enfermagem: incidentes críticos relacionados à prestação de assistência em estágio supervisionado.

The course of Nursing fundamentals introduces the students to supervised training and can result in anxiety and tension. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify positive/negative aspects related to the care provided during the supervised training, based on the critical incidents technique. The subjects were students of the 2 degrees, 3 degrees and 4 degrees years of the Nursing Undergraduate Program offered by the State University of Maringá-PR. Authors identified 95 reports: 48(50.5%) positive and 47(49.5) negative. The positive aspects were related to the faculty's presence mediating the teaching-learning process; and the negative ones were related to the professionals insensibility regarding pain and death.

[Basic research in nursing]. / Pesquisa básica na enfermagem.

The integration between basic science and research in the field of nursing is an emerging subject and expanding in many countries. However, in Brazil, researchers have shown little interest in exploring this line of research, in spite of the numerous benefits it may bring to nursing care practice. In this article, by means of a bibliographic review, we will focus on the importance of basic research and take into consideration our own experiences and expectations as nursing researchers, emphasizing the possibility of integrating fundamental and experimental science with nursing research and practice.

[Undergraduate education at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing throughout the 50 years of its history (1953-2003)]. / O ensino de graduação na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo ao longo dos seus 50 anos (1953-2003).

This study aims to describe the course of undergraduate education developed at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing throughout the 50 years of its history (1953-2003), offering tools for reflection about the historical and social context, about current curricular guidelines and political and pedagogical challenges with a view to nursing formation.

[Intramuscular drug administration: analysis of knowledge among nursing professionals]. / Aplição de medicamentos por via intramuscular: análise do conhecimento entre profissionais de enfermagem.

Using a questionnaire with open and closed questions, this study aimed to: verify among nursing professionals which are the most used regions for intramuscular medication application; identify the method they use for delimiting the puncture regions and site; identify their knowledge of complications and contraindications of using the regions and verifying the use of the ventrogluteal region. Thirty-two professionals participated in the study, which used the dorsogluteal (65.62%) and deltoid (31.25%) regions. The need for updating these professionals was disclosed, especially regarding to anatomy, the adequate terminology used for designating the regions and the knowledge of complications and contraindications. Investments in training these professionals are essential for using the ventrogluteal region.

The experience of the illness and of the treatment for the person with systemic arterial hypertension: an ethnographic study.

OBJECTIVE: To interpret the meanings of the experience of the condition and of the treatment among people with arterial hypertension. METHOD: The authors adopted the frames of reference of interpretive and medical anthropology and of the ethnographic method. 22 people with arterial hypertension, and 10 Family Health Strategy health workers, all from Minas Gerais, participated. The authors used interviews, participant observation, focus groups, field diaries and analysis of medical records. Ethical precepts were respected. RESULTS: Two nuclei of meaning emerged: "The condition as an expression of way of living", and "The perspective of the cure of the condition". Nervous problems represent the nosological and symptomatic categories, caused by the urban way of living. The participants are supported by the belief of the curing of the problem. The family, spirituality and religion constitute social support networks. The therapeutic routes interpenetrate for the cure of the problem. The 'folk' health subsystem constitutes an important route because it provides better well-being and remission of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: The gaps evidenced between the points of view of the health professionals and the interviewees allow one to re-think the praxis so as to provide comprehensive, contextualized and humanized care, which encourages the people's potential for living, for empowerment, and for self-care.

Adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo: análise pelo teste de Morisky-Green / Adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment: an analysis using the Morisky-Green test / Adhesión al tratamiento anti-hipertensivo: análisis por test de Morisky-Green

Considerando que a adesão ao tratamento é um desafio para o controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os sujeitos da pesquisa segundo as variáveis sóciodemograficas e econômicas e avaliar o nível de adesão pelo Teste de Morisky-Green. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 90 hipertensos em um Centro de Saúde. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi o Teste de Morisky-Green (TMG). Os resultados mostraram que 63,0% da amostra eram mulheres e a média de idade foi de 66 anos, sendo que 72,2% não apresentaram adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, corroborando pesquisas realizadas sobre adesão. Conclui-se que este estudo pode proporcionar subsídios para intervenções sobre a assistência aos pacientes com HAS, com a finalidade de aumentar as taxas de adesão e a qualidade de vida.

Considering that treatment adherence is a challenge in controlling systemic hypertension (SH), the objective of this study was to characterize subjects according to sociodemographic and economic variables and assess the adherence level using the Morisky-Green Test. This descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study was performed with 90 hypertensive individuals at a Health Center. Data collection was performed using the Morisky-Green test (MGT). Results show that 63.0% of the sample were women, with a mean age of 66 years, 72.2% of which did not adhere to the drug treatment, thus corroborating with current research on adherence. In conclusion, this study can provide support for health care interventions to patients with SH, aiming to increase adherence rates and improve quality of life.

Considerando que la adhesión al tratamiento es un desafío para el control de la hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS), este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar a los sujetos de la investigación según las variables sociodemográficas y económicas y evaluar el nivel de adhesión con el Test de Morisky-Green. Se trata de un estudio transversal, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 90 hipertensos en un Centro de Salud. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue el Test de Morisky-Green (TMG). Los resultados mostraron que 63,0% de la muestra eran mujeres, con media etaria de 66 años, siendo que 72,2% no presentaron adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso, condiciéndose estos datos con investigaciones realizadas sobre adhesión. Se concluye en que este estudio puede proporcionar ayuda para intervenciones sobre la atención a pacientes con HAS, con la finalidad de aumentar las tasas de adhesión y la calidad de vida.

The experience of the illness and of the treatment for the person with systemic arterial hypertension: an ethnographic study / Experiencia da doenca e do tratamento para a pessoa com hipertensao arterial sistemica: um estudo etnografico / Experiencia de la enfermedad y del tratamiento para la persona con hipertension arterial sistemica: un estudio etnografico

OBJECTIVE: to interpret the meanings of the experience of the condition and of the treatment among people with arterial hypertension. METHOD: the authors adopted the frames of reference of interpretive and medical anthropology and of the ethnographic method. 22 people with arterial hypertension, and 10 Family Health Strategy health workers, all from Minas Gerais, participated. The authors used interviews, participant observation, focus groups, field diaries and analysis of medical records. Ethical precepts were respected. RESULTS: two nuclei of meaning emerged: "The condition as an expression of way of living", and "The perspective of the cure of the condition". Nervous problems represent the nosological and symptomatic categories, caused by the urban way of living. The participants are supported by the belief of the curing of the problem. The family, spirituality and religion constitute social support networks. The therapeutic routes interpenetrate for the cure of the problem. The 'folk' health subsystem constitutes an important route because it provides better well-being and remission of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: the gaps evidenced between the points of view of the health professionals and the interviewees allow one to re-think the praxis so as to provide comprehensive, contextualized and humanized care, which encourages the people's potential for living, for empowerment, and for self-care. .

OBJETIVO: interpretar os significados da experiência da doença e do tratamento entre pessoas com hipertensão arterial. MÉTODO: foram adotados os referenciais da antropologia interpretativa e médica e do método etnográfico. Participaram 22 pessoas com hipertensão arterial e 10 trabalhadores em saúde da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, de Minas Gerais. Utilizaram-se entrevistas, observação participante, grupo focal, diário de campo e análise de prontuário. Os preceitos éticos foram respeitados. RESULTADOS: emergiram dois núcleos de significados: "a doença como expressão do estilo de vida" e "a perspectiva de cura da doença". Problema de nervoso representa a categoria nosológica, sintomática, causada pelo estilo de vida urbano. Os sujeitos apoiam-se na crença da cura do problema. A família, a espiritualidade e a religião constituíram redes de apoio social. Os itinerários terapêuticos se interpenetram para a cura do problema. O subsistema de saúde popular constitui importante itinerário por proporcionar satisfatório bem-estar e a remissão dos sintomas. CONCLUSÃO: as lacunas evidenciadas entre o ponto de vista dos profissionais de saúde e dos depoentes propiciam repensar a práxis para prover cuidados integrados, contextualizados e humanizados, o que estimula a potência das pessoas para o viver, para o empoderamento e para o autocuidado. .

OBJETIVO: interpretar los significados de la experiencia de la enfermedad y del tratamiento en personas con hipertensión arterial. MÉTODO: adoptamos los marcos teóricos de la antropología interpretativa y médica y del método etnográfico. Participaron 22 personas con hipertensión arterial y 10 trabajadores de la salud de la Estrategia de la Salud de la Familia del estado de Minas Gerais. Utilizamos entrevistas, observación participante, grupo focal, diario de campo y análisis de ficha médica. Fueron respetados los preceptos éticos. RESULTADOS: surgieron dos núcleos de significados: "La enfermedad como expresión del estilo de vida" y "La perspectiva de cura de la enfermedad". El problema nervioso representa la categoría nosológica, sintomática, causada por el estilo de vida urbano. Se apoyan en la creencia de la cura del problema. La familia, la espiritualidad y la religión constituyeron redes de apoyo social. Los itinerarios terapéuticos se entrelazan para la cura del problema. El subsistema de salud popular constituye un importante itinerario por proporcionar mejor bienestar y alivio de los síntomas. CONCLUSIÓN: los vacíos evidenciados entre el punto de vista de los profesionales de la salud y él de los deponentes propician repensar la praxis para proveer cuidados integrados, contextualizados y humanizados, lo que estimula la potencialidad de las personas para el vivir, para el empoderamiento y para el autocuidado. .

Prevalence of white coat hypertension in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence of white coat hypertension in the municipality of Dumont, in São Paulo State, and map study participants' demographics, and physiologic and metabolic changes. METHODS: One hundred and nine (109) users of the Municipal Health Service were selected and then divided into three groups: normotension, essential hypertension, and white coat hypertension after blood pressure was measured through oscilometry and blood pressure monitoring exam at outpatient unit. Variables found between the groups were compared based on interview, data measurements, and laboratory exams. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical data. Results were expressed as means +/- standard error of means. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of white coat hypertension was 34.1%. Females were predominant: mean age 45.3 years, increased body mass index, waist/hip ratio, plasma glucose level and creatinine when compared to hypertensives and/or normotensives. No correlation was found between white coat hypertension and demographic variables. CONCLUSION: The differences found between the groups and clinical and biochemical variations lead to the conclusion that white coat hypertension is a condition that should be investigated in normotensive and hypertensive individuals distinctively.