Henry Mayhew: journalist, social investigator, and foreshadower of qualitative research. / Henry Mayhew: jornalista, investigador social e precursor da pesquisa qualitativa.

As a journalist, Henry Mayhew recorded daily life in London in the latter half of the nineteenth century. His approach remains of interest to historians and social scientists today in that it foreshadowed qualitative research. The article highlights methodological aspects of Mayhew's investigations and analyzes two of his reports, one on a cholera outbreak and the other on a female street vendor. It also addresses some analyses that have critiqued his work.

The social and human sciences and the COVID-19 pandemic. / As ciências sociais e humanas e a pandemia de COVID-19.

This paper addresses the challenges the social and human sciences face in the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic. This review refers only to a few aspects, approaching the so-called Ginzburg evidential paradigm by stating that "reality is opaque; there are privileged areas - signs, indications - that make us decipher it". In general, research in the social and human sciences focused on the health crisis is fundamental: First statement: both in the disease spread period and the post-pandemic period. Second statement: the epidemic is not restricted to a viral event.

O artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados pelas ciências sociais e humanas na epidemia/pandemia de COVID-19. Esta revisão se refere somente a alguns aspectos, aproximando-se do chamado paradigma indiciário de Ginsburg ao enunciar que "a realidade é opaca, existem zonas privilegiadas - sinais, indícios - que permitem decifrá-la". De um modo geral, as pesquisas em ciências sociais e humanas voltadas para a crise sanitária são de fundamental importância - primeira afirmação: tanto no período de disseminação da doença como na pós-pandemia; segunda afirmação: a epidemia não se restringe a um evento viral.

[The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biography of a book]. / The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biografia de um livro.

Sixty years after Erving Goffman's book The Presentation of Self In Everyday Life was published (1959), this article reconstructs its biography by adapting the perspective of Robert Darnton (the original, as well as the revisited one on the history of books). Original texts by Goffman in Brazilian translations are used, along with bibliographical studies, critical articles, reviews, collections, and interviews and information that are part of the Erving Goffman Archives. The goal is to follow this author's trajectory, emphasizing the importance and impact of his text, with quantitative and qualitative data that extend beyond academia in terms of importance.

Na marca dos 60 anos de sua publicação, este artigo reconstrói a biografia do livro The presentation of self in everyday life , de Erving Goffman, de 1959. Utiliza-se, de forma adaptada, a perspectiva de Robert Darnton, original e revisitada pelo autor em seus estudos sobre a história dos livros. Além desse referencial, o artigo faz uso de textos originais de Goffman, da tradução brasileira, de estudos bibliográficos, artigos críticos, resenhas, coletâneas, e de entrevistas e informações que fazem parte do Erving Goffman Archives. Na análise da obra, procura-se acompanhar a trajetória do autor, enfatizando a importância e o impacto do texto, com dados quantitativos e qualitativos, cuja importância estende-se além da academia.

The narrative field in Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. / O campo narrativo na Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.

This paper analyzes Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva's approach to the narrative field. The concept of "narrative field" is built on the relationships of three dimensions, namely, the cognitive (epistemic), the socio-political-pedagogical, and the applied. This is an analytical, quantitative, and qualitative research of authors, themes, theoretical and methodological approaches, concepts, and disciplines. The search on the SciELO database was developed in two stages: 1. Context - Restricted to the health publications, research on 29/01/2019, with the Portuguese descriptor "narrativa" + "saúde" (without filter); 2. Bibliometric research - data collected in December 2019 using descriptor "narrative" + "ciência e saúde coletiva", period 2002-2019. No reference was found in the searched journal before 2002. In the analysis of the 43 texts, the keywords were grouped into narrative analyses, narrative reviews, narrative texts, biography, and translation. We conclude by affirming the relevance of the theme, despite the small number of works, and suggest scholars emphasize in future works the theoretical approaches of narrative work and demarcate their perspectives, as an approach or an object, or both.

O artigo aborda o campo narrativo na Revista "Ciência & Saúde Coletiva". A noção de "campo narrativo" é construída nas relações das dimensões cognitiva (epistêmica), sócio-politica-pedagógica e aplicada. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória quantitativo-qualitativa abordando autores, temas, questões teórico-metodológicas, conceitos e disciplinas. A pesquisa na base SciELO tem dois momentos: 1. Contexto - Restrito às publicações na saúde, pesquisa em 29/01/2019, descritor "narrativa + saúde" (sem filtro); 2. Pesquisa bibliométrica - dados coletados em dezembro de 2019, descritor "narrativa + ciência e saúde coletiva", período 2002-2019; nenhuma referência foi encontrada na revista antes de 2002. Na análise dos 43 textos, os artigos foram agrupados em: análise narrativa, revisões narrativas, textos narrativos, biografia e tradução. Conclui-se pela relevância do tema, apesar de o número de artigos ser pequeno. Sugestões para trabalhos futuros: enfatizar as abordagens teóricas do trabalho narrativo e demarcar suas perspectivas, como uma abordagem ou um objeto, ou como ambos.

[The incorporation of a historical perspective in the health field: reconstructing the past or discussing the present?] / La incorporación de la mirada histórica al campo de la salud: ¿reconstrucción del pasado o discusión del presente?

The purpose a call for papers on "History and health" at Salud Colectiva was to contribute to the development of a historical perspective on health-disease processes. We are therefore interested in calling on the perspectives of history and the social sciences to shed light on the fact that both the definition of health conditions as well as populations' possibilities for accessing essential healthcare services are the result of social processes in which knowledge, ideology, politics, and interests come into play - far from a simple reflection of objective biomedical conditions. This implies, on the one hand, that the definition of which of a population's health problems are to be attended to - as well as how, where, and who is responsible for them - is the result of relations among diverse actors (healthcare professionals, public officials, firms, users, among others), and these relations are not free of conflict. At the same time, these actors mobilize the institutional frameworks, professional knowhow, and economic interests that they represent. On the other hand, the unequal distribution of economic, symbolic, and cultural resources implies differential access to healthcare services, both for individuals and for social groups.

La organización de una convocatoria sobre "Historia y salud" en la revista Salud Colectiva tiene como propósito aportar al desarrollo de una mirada histórica de los procesos de salud-enfermedad. En este sentido, nos interesa rescatar la mirada de las ciencias sociales y de la historia para poner en relieve que tanto la definición de las condiciones de salud como la posibilidad de acceso a servicios sanitarios esenciales por parte de la población, lejos de ser el reflejo de ciertas condiciones biomédicas objetivas, son el resultado de un proceso social en el que se ponen en juego saberes, ideologías, políticas e intereses de distinto tipo. Esto implica, en primer lugar, que la propia definición de qué problemas de salud de la población deben atenderse es el resultado de las relaciones ­no exentas de conflicto­ entre los distintos actores involucrados. Y, en segundo lugar, que la distribución desigual de recursos económicos, simbólicos y culturales implica un acceso diferencial a los servicios de salud, tanto para los individuos como para los grupos sociales.

Frontiers of Knowledge and Public Health. / Fronteiras do Conhecimento e Saúde Coletiva.

This essay briefly addresses a decidedly current theme, namely frontiers and boundaries and how these are featured in the field of public health. Based on nineteen abstracts, the essay highlights key words that exemplify the way the theme is addressed, as well as the question of "different cultures" that permeate the field of public health and the role that the fragmentation of knowledge plays today, especially in the area of the social sciences.

O ensaio aborda, de forma breve, um tema bastante atual: fronteiras e limites, em seus desdobramentos para o campo da saúde coletiva. Ressalta, a partir de dezenove resumos, palavras-chave que exemplificam o encaminhamento do tema. Destaca, também, a questão das diferentes "culturas" que permeiam o campo da saúde coletiva e o papel da fragmentação do conhecimento na atualidade, em especial no campo das ciências sociais.

Two examples of narrative constructs in the sociology of health. / Dois exemplos de construções narrativas na sociologia da saúde.

The purpose of this article is to revisit two authors with the intent to analyze the narratives constructed in two texts. In the first one, the narrative analyzed was the one pertaining to the elaboration of sociological theories in social medicine, and in the second, it was the one related to qualitative research in Health. The macro dimension of narratives, in the sense given by Maines of the possibilities of building a sociology of narratives and a narrative of sociology, will be the object of this study. The texts analyzed were written in the 1980s by JCM Pereira and MCS Minayo.

O objetivo deste artigo é revisitar um autor e uma autora na perspectiva de analisar em dois textos as narrativas construídas, No primeiro, da elaboração em medicina social das teorias sociológicas e, no segundo, da pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. Toma-se como objeto uma dimensão macro das narrativas, no sentido dado por Maines das possibilidades de construção de uma sociologia das narrativas e de uma narrativa da sociologia. Os textos analisados são da década de 1980, de autoria de JCM Pereira e MCS Minayo.

Jack Elinson (1917-2017) - The legacy of a pioneer. / Jack Elinson (1917-2017) ­ o legado de um pioneiro.

This study analyzes the education and professional career of Jack Elinson (1917-2017), pioneer in the field of sociomedical sciences in introducing its teaching and research in a school of public health at Columbia University, where he worked for thirty years (1956-1986). Elinson is acknowledged for his contributions to social psychology, statistics and medical sociology, especially on health care indicators and their relationship with quality of life. In 1985 he received the Leo G. Reeder Award from the American Sociological Association for his studies in the field of medical sociology. Jack Elinson, Renée Fox, Robert Straus, Eliot Freidson and many others were part of the group of the second generation of social scientists in the process of institutionalization of medical sociology/health care.

O artigo analisa a formação e a carreira profissional de Jack Elinson (1917-2017), pioneiro no campo das ciências sociomedicas na introdução de seu ensino e pesquisa em uma faculdade de saúde pública, na Universidade de Columbia, onde trabalhou durante trinta anos (1956-1986). Suas contribuições estendem-se para os campos da psicologia social, estatística e sociologia médica, especialmente sobre indicadores de saúde e suas relações com a qualidade de vida. Em 1985 recebeu o Leo G. Reeder Award da American Sociological Association pelo conjunto de seus estudos no campo da sociologia médica. Com Renée Fox, Robert Straus, Eliot Freidson e outros compõe o grupo da segunda geração de cientistas sociais no processo de institucionalização da sociologia médica/saúde.

[Straus: the two medical sociologies]. / Straus: as duas sociologias médicas.

Robert Straus' pioneer work, "The nature and status of Medical Sociology," written in 1957, was reviewed. Straus, one of the founders of medical sociology, made major contributions to this field and created the first department of behavior sciences in a medical school. In the work reviewed, Straus establishes the differences between sociology in medicine and medical sociology. Comments are made on the current perspective of medical sociology and about the author.

[Merton and medical sociology]. / Merton e a sociologia médica.

The article is about the main contributions of the North-American sociologist Robert King Merton (1910-2003), particularly those related to the field of medical sociology. Merton was first to conduct research on medical education, and the working team he formed was fundamental for the introduction of social thought in the medicine field (Patrícia Kendall, Renée Fox, Samuel Bloom and others). Of particular importance are Merton's vocation for sociology and the unique trajectory of his research, which was marked by studies on subjects that were not common in the early XX century, particularly the relationships between science, technology, and society. We provide the most important theoretical ad conceptual contribution brought by the author, as well as the expressions he created and which were soon adopted by researchers, such as 'focused interview', 'Matthew effects, 'Pygmalion effect', 'nonplanned consequences of social actions', 'manifest function', and 'latent function'. The highlight in the field of medical sociology is his work on the socialization process of the student of medicine.

As ciências sociais e humanas e a pandemia de COVID-19 / The social and human sciences and the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo O artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados pelas ciências sociais e humanas na epidemia/pandemia de COVID-19. Esta revisão se refere somente a alguns aspectos, aproximando-se do chamado paradigma indiciário de Ginsburg ao enunciar que "a realidade é opaca, existem zonas privilegiadas - sinais, indícios - que permitem decifrá-la". De um modo geral, as pesquisas em ciências sociais e humanas voltadas para a crise sanitária são de fundamental importância - primeira afirmação: tanto no período de disseminação da doença como na pós-pandemia; segunda afirmação: a epidemia não se restringe a um evento viral.

Abstract This paper addresses the challenges the social and human sciences face in the COVID-19 epidemic/pandemic. This review refers only to a few aspects, approaching the so-called Ginzburg evidential paradigm by stating that "reality is opaque; there are privileged areas - signs, indications - that make us decipher it". In general, research in the social and human sciences focused on the health crisis is fundamental: First statement: both in the disease spread period and the post-pandemic period. Second statement: the epidemic is not restricted to a viral event.

[Josué de Castro and Brazilian social thought]. / Josué de Castro e o pensamento social brasileiro.

This article highlights the fact that the work of Josué de Castro brings to light some of the most relevant interpretations on the Brazilian food situation, launching the first proactive manifesto for the construction of a social policy on food in Brazil. Underpinning this debate, there are aspects of the process of construction of the Nation State, national development and the role of the Brazilian intellectuals. Such issues are added to the author's concern with the formation of proactive measures that could lead to social change and redefinitions of the conditions of social exclusion of a significant portion of the Brazilian population. We start from the assertion that his work is part of broader interpretations about Brazil, which need to be revisited.

Este artigo aponta que a obra de Josué de Castro traz à tona algumas das interpretações mais relevantes sobre a situação alimentar brasileira, lançando o primeiro manifesto-propositivo para construção de uma política social de alimentação no país. Subjazem a esta sua discussão os aspectos do processo de construção do Estado-nação, o desenvolvimentismo nacional e o papel dos intelectuais brasileiros. Tais questões somam-se à preocupação do autor com a formação de ações propositivas que levassem às mudanças sociais e redefinições das condições de exclusão social de parcela significativa da população brasileira. Partimos da afirmação que sua obra faz parte das interpretações mais amplas sobre o Brasil, sendo necessária ser revisitada.

Complementary and alternative medicine in Brazil: one concept, different meanings.

This article discusses the various meanings ascribed to the concept of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Brazil, where research on this theme has a limited tradition in terms of influences from anthropology, sociology of knowledge and epistemology, and sociology of CAM and clinical medicine. By means of the concepts identified in the literature, we elaborated a table with types of meanings. The terms Alternative Medicine and Complementary Medicine were found in more than one of the types in the table. Alternative Medicine identifies a model of medical practice influenced by the social, political, and economic context and by the logic of scientific production based on opposing pairs. Beginning in the 1980s, the important volume of reflections on official medical practice and the search for other forms of knowledge production led to the creation of the concept of Complementary Medicine. Its meaning is that of a new epistemological form of knowledge production between the official and alternative poles, a set of therapeutic practices, and confusion with the nomenclature for ancillary medical diagnostic tests, referred to in Portuguese as "complementary exams".

[The path taken by social sciences within health in Latin America: review of scientific production]. / A trajetória das ciências sociais em saúde na América Latina: revisão da produção científica.

An analysis was made of the path taken by social sciences within health in Latin America, on the basis of scientific production achieved, especially in Brazil. The work is divided into the following sections: introduction; notes on the origins of the field; scientific reviews; the 1990s and studies on scientific production; previous review articles; and final comments. This study recounts the historical path taken by scientific production, using extensive documentation: bibliographic surveys, bibliographic studies and review articles. The topics surveyed within this field and some data on the professionals who work in these activities are highlighted. In the conclusions, emphasis is given to the great vitality of the field, which in just a few decades has attained importance within the scientific scene.

[Collective health in Brazil: analyzing the institutionalization process]. / La salud colectiva en Brasil: analizando el proceso de institucionalización.

This work first analyzes the construction of a typology of the studies on collective health and its institutionalization process in Brazil, in which three stages are proposed: the preventive project, social medicine and collective health. Secondly, the work examines the phases of institutionalization, disciplinarization and professionalization of collective health in Brazil. Within the institutionalization phase, the study analyzes connectivity and communication, regularization of discourses and practices, the construction of a separate identity and political actions, and the incorporation and legitimation of these elements. It is concluded that the trajectory of the construction of collective health is marked by three dimensions: the theoretical-critical, the political-sanitary and the pedagogical-professional.

Sociology of health textbooks and narratives: historical significance.

This article has as its starting point two central ideas: textbooks as a means of production and dissemination of knowledge and narrative as an approach. After a brief review of studies on health/medical sociology textbooks, I analyze a few of these textbooks from the 1900-2012 period, produced in the United States and England. I have selected eleven textbooks which I thought were representative. In addition to a content analysis, the textbooks are located within the process of constitution of the health/medical sociology with brief references to the biographies of the authors. The textbooks analyzed were classified according to the main narrative features: doctor-centered; interdisciplinary; pedagogical; analytical; almost autobiographical; critical; and synthetic-reflective. In the final remarks, some points about the textbooks, limits and possibilities are presented.

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biografia de um livro / The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life: biography of a book

Resumo Na marca dos 60 anos de sua publicação, este artigo reconstrói a biografia do livro The presentation of self in everyday life , de Erving Goffman, de 1959. Utiliza-se, de forma adaptada, a perspectiva de Robert Darnton, original e revisitada pelo autor em seus estudos sobre a história dos livros. Além desse referencial, o artigo faz uso de textos originais de Goffman, da tradução brasileira, de estudos bibliográficos, artigos críticos, resenhas, coletâneas, e de entrevistas e informações que fazem parte do Erving Goffman Archives. Na análise da obra, procura-se acompanhar a trajetória do autor, enfatizando a importância e o impacto do texto, com dados quantitativos e qualitativos, cuja importância estende-se além da academia.

Abstract Sixty years after Erving Goffman's book The Presentation of Self In Everyday Life was published (1959), this article reconstructs its biography by adapting the perspective of Robert Darnton (the original, as well as the revisited one on the history of books). Original texts by Goffman in Brazilian translations are used, along with bibliographical studies, critical articles, reviews, collections, and interviews and information that are part of the Erving Goffman Archives. The goal is to follow this author's trajectory, emphasizing the importance and impact of his text, with quantitative and qualitative data that extend beyond academia in terms of importance.

Juan César García: social medicine as project and endeavor.

This paper analyses some aspects of the trajectory of the Argentinian physician and sociologist Juan César García (1932-1984) in the field of Latin American Social Medicine. Three dimensions constituting his basic orientations are highlighted: the elaboration of systematic and reflective social thought; a critical attitude in questioning teaching and professional practices; a commitment to the institutionalization and dissemination of health knowledge.

Roger Bastide: the social construction on the border of disciplines. Mental illness as a field of study.

The paper explores the contributions of Roger Bastide (1898-1974) to the field of insanity and mental illness, revisiting his work in social psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology and, sociology of mental disorder. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature that marks Bastide's works, that also include religion, art, literature. The paper presents biographical data and highlights the importance of Bastide to the field of sociology of health/illness. The analysis situates Bastide's work at the time of its development, comparing it with the development of the sociology of mental illness today.The paper explores the contributions of Roger Bastide (1898-1974) to the field of insanity and mental illness, revisiting his work in social psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology and, sociology of mental disorder. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature that marks Bastide's works, that also include religion, art, literature. The paper presents biographical data and highlights the importance of Bastide to the field of sociology of health/illness. The analysis situates Bastide's work at the time of its development, comparing it with the development of the sociology of mental illness today.