[The Inheritance of Endosperm Storage Proteins by the Line of the Saratovskaya 29 Cultivar of Common Wheat from its Parental Forms].

We ran a comparative analysis of storage proteins (gliadins, high- (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenins, puroindolines, and exogenous α-amylase pest inhibitors) in the Saratovskaya 29 cultivar line from the collection of a genetic engineering laboratory, its parental forms (Albidum 24 and Lyutescens 55/11), and distant ancestors (Poltavka, Selivanovskiy Rusak, Sarroza, and tetraploid Beloturka). It was confirmed that the allelic states of storage proteins in the Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-1 loci originate from ancestral forms from the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry. Moreover, new alleles were found in Lyutescense 55/11 (Glu-Ala) and Selivanovskiy Rusak (Glu-B1b) cultivars from the collection of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics. A new allelic state, Ha, was observed in the loci of the Poltavka cultivar as a soft-grain cultivar, and the ha allele was found in the hard-grain Albidum 24 and Sarroza cultivars. It was found that the expression rate of exogenous α-amylase inhibitors of pests in the Saratovskaya 29 cultivar line is lower than that of ancestral cultivars (Albidum 24, Sarroza, Poltavka, and Beloturka). Such inhibitors are absent in the paternal form Lyutescense 55/11. A high expression rate of protein pest inhibitors for exogenous α-amylases and puroindolines was observed in the Poltavka cultivar. The allelic composition of Glu-1 loci was newly studied in the Sarroza cultivar, which has some promising features. The Saratovskaya 29 cultivar line, on the basis of which a wide range of diverse lines were created in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, is isogenic for all of the studied traits.

[Characterization of puroindolines in the control of endosperm texture in common wheat lines with substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes].

The genetic control of grain hardness and its association with the specific friabilin content on starch granules of common wheat cultivars and lines with intervarietal substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes were studied. A significant correlation was revealed between the technological parameters of grain hardness (mean size of flour particles) and the specific content of puroindolines on the starch surface estimated in terms of starch doses. The results obtained allowed the method of starch doses to be used to identify soft and hard wheat cultivars and lines based on an analysis of a single grain. The biochemical analysis confirmed the previously obtained estimates of flour-grinding properties of wheat cultivars and substitution lines, which allowed specific genotypes to be characterized according to the composition of puroindolines. The influence of chromosomes 5D and 5A of donor wheat cultivars on the activity of the Ha loci of recipient cultivars was revealed and found to be associated with the composition of PIN products and with the expression of the Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 genes.

[Analysis of storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines and waxy) in common wheat lines Triticum aestivum L. x (Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. x Triticum tauschii) with complex resistance to fungal infections].

Storage proteins (prolamines, puroindolines, and Waxy) were studied in common wheat introgression lines obtained with the use of the Saratovskaya 29 (S29) cultivar line and synthetic hexaploid wheat (Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. x T. tauschii) (Sintetik, Sin.) and displaying complex resistance to fungal infections. Comparative analysis of storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. and in the parental forms revealed the only line (BC5) having a substitution at the Gli-B2 locus from Sintetik. Hybrid lines subjected to nine back crosses with the recurrent parental form S29 and selections for resistance to pathogens can be considered as nearly isogenic for the selected trait and retaining the allelic composition of (1) prolamines responsible for the bread-making qualitiy, (2) puroindolines associated with grain texture, and (3) Waxy proteins responsible for nutritive qualities. These lines are valuable as donors of immunity in breeding programs without the loss of the quality of flour and grain as compared to the S29 line and are also important in searching for genes determining resistance to leaf and stem rust and to powdery mildew. The amphiploid has a number of characters (silent Glu-A 1 locus and Ha genotype) that can negatively affect the quality of flour and grain and thus should be taken into account when choosing this donor.

[A study of the storage proteins in the introgression lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. x T. timopheevii Zhuk.) resistant to brown leaf rust].

Storage proteins, prolamins, were studied in ten introgression lines of common wheat bred with involvement of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. and five commercial hexaploid wheat cultivars. The lines are resistant to leaf rust. A comparative analysis of the storage proteins in the Triticum aestivum L. introgression lines and the parental forms allowed us to (1) detect the active genes of prolamins on the chromosomes homeologous groups 1 and 6 in the introgression lines of T. aestivum and T. timopheevii; (2) clarify their origin; (3) identify the chromosome attribution of the products; (4) estimate the degree of introgression and postulate the introgression mechanisms; and (5) predict the bread-making quality of these introgression lines.

[A search for high-molecular-weight subunits of glutenin from Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. in the lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. x Triticum timopheevi Zhuk.)].

The study is a continuation of investigation of prolamins in brown rust-resistant introgressive lines of common wheat, produced with participation of Triticum timopheeevi Zhuk. Two wheat lines with a substitution of the Glu-1 loci of T. timopheevi were identified. Line 684 had high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits encoded by 1Ax, as well as by 1Ay gene, which was silent in commercial lines. It was demonstrated that line 684 could serve as a source of the Glu-At1 locus. Line 186 carried the Glu-B1/Glu-G1 substitution. Comparative analysis of storage proteins from the introgression lines of common wheat Triticum aestivum L. with those from parental forms demonstrated polymorphism among the lines, resulted from natural varietal polymorphism, and introgression of the Glu-3 and Gli-1 loci from the genome of T. timopheevi.

[Sequences homologous to the rat ID element in mouse DNA]. / Posledovatel'nosti, podobnye élementu ID krysy, v DNK myshi.

Sequences homologous to the rat frain specific identifier sequences were found in the mouse genome. These sequences were defined by dot- and blotting-hybridisation in different DNA and RNA preparations. It was shown that there are (1-2) X 10(3) copies of these sequences per genome. They are not transcribed in mouse brain and possibly are not connected with mouse brain specific genes expression.

Primary structure of influenza virus genome regions coding for polypeptides from the major antigenic sites of H3 hemagglutinin.

Nucleotide sequences for some regions of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza virus A/Leningrad/385/80 (H3N2) were analyzed. A double-stranded complementary DNA was synthesized on the influenza genome RNA in the presence of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides A GCAAAAGCAGG and A GTAGAAACAAG and inserted into the Pst I-site of the pBR322 plasmid through G-C-tailing. Nucleotide sequences were determined by a solid phase modification of the Maxam and Gilbert procedure. A comparison of our data with those for influenza virus A/Bangkok/1/79, which is the nearest sequenced prototype of the strain investigated, revealed only two base changes in the variable region of the HA gene. One of them was accompanied by a change in the coded amino acid (Asp53----Tyr) located in the antigenic site E of the HA glycoprotein. There also were some point mutations in the constant region of the gene. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the evolution of "Hong Kong" influenza viruses during their circulation.