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1.
Molecules ; 27(18)2022 Sep 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36144804

RESUMO

Wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris) is a wild-growing plant from the Apiaceae family, used as a food in Europe and eastern Asia. Due to its high content of lignans known to possess anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiviral and other activities, it represents a potential functional food. However, quantitative data on lignans are still scarce and limited to deoxypodophyllotoxin, nemerosin and yatein. In this paper, a newly developed and validated reverse-phase HPLC-UV method was used to evaluate the content of 14 lignans in both aerial parts and roots of A. sylvestris. The most abundant root components were found to be deoxypodophyllotoxin (2.0-42.8 mg/g), nemerosin (2.0-23.4 mg/g), yatein (1.1-18.5 mg/g), podophyllotoxone (0.7-20.5 mg/g), guaiadequiol (0.8-8.3 mg/g) and dimethylmatairesinol (0.1-5.2 mg/g). Despite the high intra-population variability, a general trend of an increased lignan content during plant development could be observed in the root samples, whereas an opposite trend was observed in the herb samples. A validation study indicated that some of the investigated compounds-7-oxoaryltetralins and dibenzylbutyrolactones-have low stability and require cold storage in the dark. Furthermore, dibenzylbutyrolactones were confirmed to undergo a fast cis-trans isomerization; therefore, only the total content of these isomers should be reported.


Assuntos
Apiaceae , Lignanas , 4-Butirolactona/análogos & derivados , Antivirais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Dioxóis , Lignanas/análise , Extratos Vegetais
2.
Environ Monit Assess ; 190(8): 459, 2018 Jul 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29998418

RESUMO

Continuous monitoring of heavy metal content in vegetables is of high priority for population nutrition control, as well as risk assessment for human health. The chemical composition of plants is a reliable indicator of their contamination by hazardous substances accumulated in the environment as a consequence of inadequately applied agro-technology. The main goal of this study was to examine the quality of vegetables that reach consumer markets as a function of growth location. Samples of 11 of the most common vegetable species used in the human diet were collected during a 4-year survey. Vegetables originated from local farm producers who cultivated them at different locations in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Many vegetable samples contained disturbingly high levels of the investigated metals: cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium. The plant species with the highest Cd accumulation was spinach, where Cd leaves exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) in more than half of the analyzed samples from different localities (54%). Pb concentrations in spinach were also higher than MPC values (according to Serbian law 3.0 µg/g) in 46% of all analyzed samples. Results showed that Cr levels in all tested vegetable species were below MPC values recommended by the FAO/WHO organization. The largest chromium accumulator was spinach, with average values of 2.3 µg/g, followed by beetroot and parsnips with an average concentration of 1.4 µg/g. The highest average content of Ni in all analyzed vegetable species was also recorded in spinach leaves, with an average value of 2.2 µg/g, followed by broccoli (1.7 µg/g) and tomatoes (1.5 µg/g).


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Verduras/química , Brassica , Cádmio/análise , Cromo , Exposição Dietética/estatística & dados numéricos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Humanos , Níquel/análise , Medição de Risco , Sérvia
3.
Phytother Res ; 31(8): 1183-1191, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28544187

RESUMO

The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical profile of stinging nettle and to provide an insight into the mechanisms by which it ameliorates the immune response. Qualitative and quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses indicated that phenolic acids (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid as dominant) and flavonol glycosides (rutin, isoquercitrin, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) are present in the aerial parts, while lignans (secoisolariciresinol, 9,9'-bisacetyl-neo-olivil and their glucosides) were detected in the root. Herb and root extracts expressed selective inhibition toward cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches in human platelets: root extracts were better at inhibiting thromboxane production, while herb extracts were more specific toward inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase pathway. Stinging nettle extracts mildly increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and growth-related oncogene release from nonstimulated intestinal epithelial cells, stimulating MyD88/NF-κB/p38 signaling, hence preserving the epithelial integrity and enhancing intestinal steady-state defense. Additionally, root extract reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/growth-related oncogene secretion and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells, thus showing the potential protective effect against tissue damage caused by inflammation processes. These observations suggest that stinging nettle is an interesting candidate for the development of phytopharmaceuticals or dietary supplements for cotreatment of various inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Assuntos
Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Urtica dioica/química , Animais , Araquidonato 12-Lipoxigenase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/química , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/farmacologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Ratos
4.
Phytother Res ; 30(3): 476-84, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26686190

RESUMO

Essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity, even against multiresistant Helicobacter pylori. Available therapies against H. pylori infection have multiple disadvantages, indicating a great need for a development of new therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to develop a potent natural product based anti-H. pylori formulation. First, anti-H. pylori activity of nine essential oils was determined, after which the most active oils were mixed in various ratios for further testing. Satureja hortensis, Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils expressed the highest activity (MIC = 2 µL mL(-1)). Their binary and ternary mixtures exhibited notably higher antimicrobial activity (MIC ≤ 2 µL mL(-1)). The most active was the mixture of S. hortensis and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum oils in volume ratio 2:1, which expressed 4 times higher activity than individual oils (MIC = 0.5 µL mL(-1)). According to GC-MS, both oils in the mixture were characterized by high content of phenols (48-73%), with carvacrol as the main carrier of antimicrobial activity. Presented in vitro study pointed out binary mixture of S. hortensis and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum essential oils in volume ratio 2:1 as promising candidate for further in vivo studies targeting H. pylori infection.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Satureja/química , Cimenos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Monoterpenos/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia
5.
Molecules ; 19(11): 19007-20, 2014 Nov 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25412046

RESUMO

The present study describes radical scavenging capacity (RSC), antimutagenic and antibacterial properties of the essential oil (EO) of the leaves of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. (Southern Montenegro). Chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In oil, 1,8-cineole (67.8%) and α-pinene (14.12%) were the major compounds comprising almost 82% of total EO. EO exhibited moderate DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, with IC50 value of 7.19 µL/mL. The antimutagenic properties were assayed against the spontaneous and t-BOOH-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli IC202 oxyR mutant strain, deficient in removing radical oxygen species (ROS). Reduction of the spontaneous mutagenesis in the presence of E. gunnii EO was only slight, up to 12% at the highest concentration tested. However, when the oxidative mutagen was used, EO displayed more significant reduction of mutagenesis (maximum 23%) in a concentration dependent manner. Antibacterial activity was tested against the selected strains from ATTC and NCIB collections: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus flavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the two Escherichia coli strains from our laboratory collection (SY252 and IB112) using both the disk-diffusion and MIC assays. The greatest sensitivity was shown by M. flavus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli lpcA (MIC = 0.83 mg/mL), while the highest resistance was shown by E. coli (ATTC 25922) and S. epidermidis. This study represents the first report on chemical composition and biological activity of the Eucalyptus gunnii in the South Balkan region and beyond.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Eucalyptus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antimutagênicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis/química , Picratos/química , Folhas de Planta/química
6.
Plants (Basel) ; 13(8)2024 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38674496

RESUMO

Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. (Apiaceae), commonly known as wild chervil, has gained scientific interest owing to its diverse phytochemical profile and potential therapeutic applications. The plant, despite being categorized as a noxious weed, is traditionally used in treating various conditions like headaches, dressing wounds, and as a tonic, antitussive, antipyretic, analgesic, and diuretic. Its pharmacological importance stems from containing diverse bioactive lignans, especially aryltetralins and dibenzylbutyrolactones. One of the main compounds of A. sylvestris, deoxypodophyllotoxin, among its wide-ranging effects, including antitumor, antiproliferative, antiplatelet aggregation, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties, serves as a pivotal precursor to epipodophyllotoxin, crucial in the semisynthesis of cytostatic agents like etoposide and teniposide. The main starting compound for these anticancer medicines was podophyllotoxin, intensively isolated from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, now listed as an endangered species due to overexploitation. Since new species are being investigated as potential sources, A. sylvestris emerges as a highly promising candidate owing to its abundant lignan content. This review summarizes the current knowledge on A. sylvestris, investigating its biological and morphological characteristics, and pharmacological properties. Emphasizing the biological activities and structure-activity relationship, this review underscores its therapeutic potential, thus encouraging further exploration and utilization of this valuable plant resource.

7.
Food Chem ; 448: 139099, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38547704

RESUMO

This paper presents a comprehensive study of commercially available monovarietal red and white wines from Fruska Gora mountain in Serbia, conducted to characterize their chemical and biochemical properties. Namely, 72 wines of 18 different Vitis vinifera varieties, including international, domestic and autochthonous ones, were assessed. Phenolic profile of wines was determined qualitatively, using spectrophotometric methods, and quantitatively, using LC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV/VIS methods. Quantified phenolic compounds pointed out differences between red and white wines, where some compounds stood out as distinctive characteristic of analyzed varieties, while others served as chemotaxonomic markers of the Fruska Gora region. Antioxidant and inhibitory properties towards acetylcholinesterase were evaluated for all wines and their relation to phenolic composition was investigated. This study is valuable since chemical and biochemical properties of domestic and autochthonous Fruska Gora varieties are reported for the first time. Also, international varieties studied herein gave distinctive information about the terroir of Fruska Gora region, which is scarce in scientific literature.

8.
Food Chem ; 449: 139228, 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38604033

RESUMO

Cabernet Sauvignon grape juice and wine underwent in vitro digestion, resulting in a reduction of most phenolic compounds (10%-100% decline), notably impacting anthocyanins (82%-100% decline) due to pH variations. However, specific phenolics, including p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, vanillic, p-coumaric, gallic and syringic acids, and coumarin esculetin, increased in concentration (10%-120%). Grape juice and wine samples showed comparable polyphenolic profile during all phases of digestion. Antioxidant activity persisted, and inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme was improved after the digestion process, likely because of increased concentrations of listed phenolic acids and esculetin. Digested grape juice displayed comparable or superior bioactivity to red wine, indicating it as a promising source of accessible grape polyphenols for a broader audience. Nevertheless, Caco-2 cell model metabolization experiments revealed that only 3 of 42 analyzed compounds passed to the basolateral compartment, emphasizing the significant impact of digestion on polyphenol bioactivity, suggesting potential yet unmeasurable and overlooked implications for human health.


Assuntos
Digestão , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Fenóis , Vitis , Vinho , Vinho/análise , Humanos , Vitis/química , Vitis/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Polifenóis/química , Modelos Biológicos
9.
Front Vet Sci ; 10: 1232570, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37662995

RESUMO

Nowadays, the exclusive use of commercial anthelmintics for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants is less sustainable due to anthelmintic resistance, as well as the problem of drug residues in animal products and the environment. Therefore, an integrated therapeutic approach is needed, including the search for alternatives to synthetic anthelmintic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the essential oil of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. For this purpose, the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of this oil and the toxic effects on the hosts were examined. In the in vitro egg hatch test, ovicidal activity varied from 21.0-90.3% depending on the concentration of essential oil used (0.0125, 0.025, 0.049, 0.195, 0.781, 3.125, 12.5, and 50 mg/mL). To some extent, anthelmintic efficacy was confirmed in the in vivo fecal egg count reduction test at a mean dose of 150 mg/kg, with an average reduction of nematode eggs of 26.9 and 46.0% at Days 7 and 14 after treatment, respectively. Furthermore, no toxic effects of applied oil were observed on sheep behavior, kidney, or liver function. The main compounds identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzes were menthol (32.6%), menthone (22.0%), menthyl-acetate (10.0%), and isomenthone (9.39%). Due to their complex chemical compositions, numerous bioactive ingredients, and natural origin, herbal formulations represent a potentially valuable alternative for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. In this context, the results of the present study showed that peppermint essential oil is one of the promising candidates. Further studies should be performed to collect more data on the safety profile of M. piperita EO in treated animals to find the most appropriate formulation for use in field conditions and to test it against resistant gastrointestinal nematode populations.

10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22755539

RESUMO

Two spectroscopic methods, (1)H NMR and FTIR, were developed for the monitoring of the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid, a widely used pyridine-based neonicotinoid insecticide, in UV-irradiated aqueous suspensions of O(2)/TiO(2). The (1)H NMR method allowed also the identification of the intermediates such as 6-chloronicotinic and formic acids, as well as separate monitoring of the kinetics of degradation of acyclic and aromatic moieties based on the different chemical shifts of the protons belonging to the methyl group of the acyclic and selected proton of the heterocyclic aromatic moiety. The FTIR procedure enabled the monitoring of the kinetics of degradation of the cyano group of the compound. The obtained results are in good agreement with the comparative HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS measurements, which also enabled the identification of certain intermediates. To get a deeper insight into the complex photocatalytic process, the photocatalytic degradation of 6-chloronicotinic acid, a stable degradation intermediate of acetamiprid, was also investigated by (1)H NMR and HPLC-DAD methods. Based on the obtained data, a tentative reaction mechanism was proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of acetamiprid.


Assuntos
Inseticidas/química , Ácidos Nicotínicos/química , Fotoquímica/métodos , Piridinas/química , Titânio/química , Catálise , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Neonicotinoides , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier
11.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(1)2022 Dec 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36611652

RESUMO

The development of anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) requires novel strategies for the sustainable control of these parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of the Origanum vulgare (L.) essential oil (EO) against sheep GINs and to evaluate the possibility of its use in control practice. The in vitro egg hatch test was conducted at eight different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195, 0.049, 0.025, and 0.0125 mg/mL) of the tested EO. For the in vivo fecal egg count reduction test, the EO of O. vulgare was administrated orally at a mean single dose of 150 mg/kg to sheep from two farms in Southern Italy, whereby potential toxic effects to the hosts were also evaluated. In the egg hatch test, the inhibition of egg hatchability varied from 71.3% to 93.7%, depending on the concentration used. The high anthelmintic potential was confirmed in the fecal egg count reduction test with an average reduction of nematode eggs in feces of 43.2% and 60.1% on days 7 and 14 after treatment, respectively. In addition, no toxic effects were noticed during the clinical examination of sheep or by observing blood count and liver or kidney function test results. The obtained results suggest the strong activity of the O. vulgare EO against sheep GINs, probably due to a high percentage of carvacrol (76.21%), whereby it can be considered safe for sheep at the dose tested in vivo. Therefore, it is suitable for use in veterinary practice as a part of an integrated strategy for the control of sheep GINs.

12.
Vet Sci ; 9(2)2022 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35202346

RESUMO

Herbal products such as essential oils may play a promising role in the treatment of infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro potential of 11 essential oils (EOs) and one binary combination of isolated EO compounds, as well as the in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of two EO formulations. Four GIN genera were identified in the coproculture examination: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Chabertia. The in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) was performed at six different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195 and 0.049 mg/mL) for each EO, whereas in the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), each EO sample was diluted in sunflower oil and orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg to the different group of animals. In the EHT, the EOs of Origanum vulgare, Foeniculum vulgare, Satureja montana, Satureja hortensis and two types of Thymus vulgaris were the most effective. The dominant compounds of these EOs were carvacrol, thymol, anethol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene, indicating their importance for the anthelmintic activity. In the FECRT, both T. vulgaris EO type 1 and linalool:estragole combination show an anthelmintic potential with a mean effect on FECR of approximately 25%. The results suggest the possible role of tested EOs as anthelmintic agents in sheep farms, although further in vivo tests are needed.

13.
Phytochemistry ; 192: 112958, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34560578

RESUMO

Wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris) is a widespread, wild-growing herbaceous plant from Apiaceae family, known for high content of lignans related to podophyllotoxin, and thus representing a promising new source for their industrial isolation. The data on detailed chemical profile of A. sylvestris lignans are still lacking. By combining fractionation with non-targeted LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS metabolite profiling, we have identified, fully or tentatively, 46 lignans, 12 of which were never reported in A. sylvestris and 19 in any biological source. The dominant lignans were found to be nemerosin, yatein, deoxypodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxone and guayadequiol. In addition to well-known dibenzylbutyrolactones, aryltetralins and 7-oxygenated aryltetralins, we found several oxygenated lignan classes previously undescribed in A. sylvestris - 7-hydroxy, 7-oxo and 8-hydroxydibenzylbutyrolactones, a 7'-oxotetrahydrofuran and a 7-hydroxyarylnaphthalene. To facilitate future rapid classification and identification of lignans in raw extracts, UV, MS and NMR spectral features of different lignan classes are described.


Assuntos
Apiaceae , Lignanas , Extratos Vegetais , Podofilotoxina , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
14.
Molecules ; 15(4): 2759-70, 2010 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20428077

RESUMO

The present study describes DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and antimutagenic properties of the essential oil of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Plant samples were collected from the two distant localities (southernmost and northern point) of the Montenegro coastline. Chemical profiles of the two samples were evaluated by GC-MS. In both of the samples monoterpenes were found to be the predominant compounds. Among them alpha-pinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, and myrtenyl acetate were the major compounds. Significant differences between the samples were found in the ranges of alpha-pinene (14.7%-35.9%) and myrtenyl acetate (5.4%-21.6%). Both oils exhibited moderate DPPH scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 6.24 mg/mL and 5.99 mg/mL. The antimutagenic properties were assayed against spontaneous and t-BOOH-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli oxyR mutant IC202, a bacterial strain deficient in removing ROS. Reduction of the spontaneous mutagenesis in presence of myrtle EO was only slight, up to 13% at the highest concentration tested. When the oxidative mutagen was used, EO expressed higher reduction of mutagenesis, in a concentration dependent manner, with statistical significance for effect at the highest concentration tested (28%). Suppression of t-BOOH induced mutagenesis was correlated with the observed scavenging activity.


Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Myrtus/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Antimutagênicos/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Radicais Livres/química , Mutagênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/química , Picratos/química , Proteínas Repressoras/genética
15.
Microorganisms ; 8(2)2020 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32098250

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of the most common Alternaria toxins found in wheat-tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) during sourdough processing. For this purpose, spiked whole wheat flour, 3% sourdough starter, 0.5% of baker's yeast, and 105% of water calculated on flour weight as a base were used as raw materials. Spiked whole wheat dough was fermented for 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h at 25 °C, and at each point the fermented dough samples were taken, frozen, lyophilized, grounded, and stored until further analysis. To study the effect of sourdough processing on TeA, AOH and AME content, the validated method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for these mycotoxins was used. Mathematical models of Alternaria toxins reduction were developed in the form of Four Parameter Logistic Regression function. The maximum reduction of TeA, AOH, and AME levels was archived at 48 h of dough fermentation at 25 °C compared with dough after kneading (0 h). Under these conditions, a reduction of the toxin levels of 60.3 %, 41.5%, and 24.1% was observed for TeA, AOH, and AME, respectively.

16.
Food Chem ; 286: 686-695, 2019 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30827664

RESUMO

Chemical composition and bioactivity of eight edible Vitis vinifera L. leaf varieties originating from Fruska Gora, Serbia, including two autochthonous varieties, were evaluated. The LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of 28 natural products in leaf samples, among which most abundant were glycosylated flavonoids, ellagic and chlorogenic acids. The highest amounts of most of the tested compounds were detected in leaves of autochthonous variety Sila. Bioactivity was assessed by a set of in vitro antioxidant, neuroprotective and cytotoxic assays. Leaves of all examined varieties exhibited average bioactivity, with leaves of autochthonous variety Zupljanka standing out as the most promising sample. To conclude, investigated grapevine leaves proved to be a rich source of nutraceuticals, primarily antioxidants, and their further employment as medicinal food in human diet and beneficial raw material for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries should be supported.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Vitis/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia Líquida , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Flavonoides/análise , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sérvia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
17.
Toxins (Basel) ; 11(12)2019 12 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31816906

RESUMO

Beside Fusarium toxins, Alternaria toxins are among the most commonly found mycotoxins in wheat and wheat products. Currently, investigations of possibilities of reduction of Alternaria toxins in the wheat-processing chain are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the potency of cold atmospheric plasma treatments, as a new non-thermal approach, for reduction of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tentoxin (TEN) content in spiked white wheat flour samples. Samples were treated with plasma generated in the air during 30 s to 180 s, with an increment step of 30 s, and at four varying distances from the cold plasma source (6 mm, 21 mm, 36 mm and 51 mm). The reduction of the Alternaria toxins content in samples after treatment was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The maximum reduction of the examined Alternaria toxins was obtained by treatment performed at 6 mm distance from the plasma source, lasting 180 s, resulting in reductions of 60.6%, 73.8% and 54.5% for AOH, AME and TEN, respectively. According to the obtained experimental results, five empirical models in the form of the second-order polynomials were developed for the prediction of AOH, AME and TEN reduction, as well as the temperature and the moisture content of the wheat flour, that gave a good fit to experimental data and were able to predict the response variables successfully. The developed second-order polynomial models showed high coefficients of determination for prediction of experimental results (between 0.918 and 0.961).


Assuntos
Alternaria , Farinha/análise , Micotoxinas/análise , Gases em Plasma , Triticum , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle
18.
Toxins (Basel) ; 11(3)2019 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30832284

RESUMO

Alternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by various Alternaria species which, besides the Fusarium species, represent the principal contaminants of wheat worldwide. As currently, only limited information on the behaviour of Alternaria toxins during processing of cereals is available, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the dry milling process of wheat on Alternaria toxins distribution. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) content were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in all milling fractions of untreated (control), fungicide-treated, Alternaria tenuissima inoculated and commercial wheat sample. After dry milling process, in last break and milling flows and by-products, increased concentration of examined Alternaria toxins was detected. TeA was quantified in almost all milling fractions in all tested wheat samples, while AOH and AME were detectable mostly in last break and milling flows and by-products. In respect to the contamination with Alternaria toxins, white flour can be considered as relatively safe product. Since Alternaria toxins are concentrated mainly in the peripheral parts of the kernel, a special attention should be given to their content in low-grade flours and milling by-products.


Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Alternaria , Grão Comestível/química , Farinha/análise , Micotoxinas/análise , Triticum , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise
19.
Molecules ; 13(7): 1455-64, 2008 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18719517

RESUMO

In this paper, the study of antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of three different extracts (EtOAc, n-BuOH and H(2)O) of field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) is presented. The antioxidant activity has been evaluated measuring the total reducing power (expressed by Ascorbate Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity - AEAC), inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH radical) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. In addition, the total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic constituents of each extract have been determined. The results obtained show that the highest RSC regarding both DPPH and NO radicals is expressed by EtOAc extract (EC(50)=2.37 microg/mL and EC(50)=90.07 microg/mL, respectively), and the lowest by H(2)O extract (EC(50)=37.2 microg/mL and EC(50)>333.33 microg/mL, respectively). n-BuOH extract showed the highest total reducing power (AEAC=13.40 microg/mL). Differences in the phenolic composition of examined extracts are found comparing the HPLC chemical profiles. Although, isoquercitrin is the main flavonoid in both EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts, a considerable amount of di-E-caffeoyl-meso-tartaric acid was presented in the n-BuOH extract. In H(2)O extract high content of phenolic acids and low percentage of flavonoids were detected.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Equisetum/química , Fenóis/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/química , Lipossomos/química , Óxido Nítrico/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta
20.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 112: 118-125, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29287791

RESUMO

Chemical composition and antioxidative, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of essential oil (EO) and post-distillation waste (PDW) of Serbian Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. was studied in human lung carcinoma (A549) and normal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. GC-MS analysis identified 93.95% of total EO content and determined α-pinen as a dominant component (23.61%). LC-MS/MS analysis of PDW pointed at rutin (12.2 mg g-1) and quinic acid (11.1 mg g-1) as the most abundant. Antioxidativity of PDW was strong in DPPH (IC50 was 5.27 µg mL-1), and moderate in TBA and FRAP assays. Both substances were more cytotoxic to A549 than to MRC-5 cells. Obtained IC50 values were 69.4 µg mL-1 and 120 µg mL-1 for EO, and 1.27 mg mL-1 and 2.86 mg mL-1 for PDW, respectively. PDW was genotoxic (0.3 mg mL-1 and 1 mg mL-1 in A549 and MRC-5 cells, respectively) and induced apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase in A549 cells (0.3 mg mL-1). In mixtures with doxorubicin cytotoxicity of EO and PDW increased, and combination index values (0.12-0.18) revealed clear synergistic effect, stronger in cancer cells. This indicates that J. communis var. saxatilis could decrease the chemotherapeutic doses of doxorubicin, potentially reducing its side effects.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Juniperus/química , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia Líquida , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Fase G2/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
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