[Plasma 25-OH Vitamin D Concentrations in Cord Blood after Summer Months, Spain]. / Concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-OH-vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical tras los meses de verano.

OBJECTIVE: Plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in the newborn are dependent on maternal stores. Several studies showing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women have been published last years. The aim of the study was to analyze 25(OH)D levels in cord blood after summer month, determine whether there is a relation with different variables. METHODS: 103 pregnant women were recruited between October and early December 2014, whose gestations took place during month of maximum sun exposure. Plasmatic 25(OH)D values were measured in cord blood at birth. Clinical record data were collected and a nutritional survey was made on maternal vitamin D and calcium intake and sun exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and correction for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni. P value smaller than 0.05 and smaller than 0.0083 for multiple comparisons were considered sta¬tistically significant. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D value in cord blood was 12.36± 7.2 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 83.4% of women. A statistically significant correlation was observed between lowvitamin D levels and low vitamin D intake (correlation coefficient 0.29); Ethnic group, with the highest level in caucasic group (17.9 ± 5.83 ng/ml) and the lowest in indopakistani group (6.68 ± 4.2 ng/ml); the use of traditional clothing (5.64 ± 3.09 ng/ml); low sun exposure and dark skin phototype with a correlation coefficient of 0.67 and -0.48, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women regardless of the season and increased sun exposure. Low vitamin D levels in cord blood were significantly related to ethnicity (Indopakistan and Maghreb), low sun exposure and dark skin phototype. No statistically significant differences were found between vitamin D levels and perinatal variables studied.

OBJETIVO: Los niveles de vitamina D (25(OH)D) del recién nacido dependen de los depósitos maternos. En los últimos años se han publicado estudios que muestran una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en mujeres embarazadas, viéndose en algunos diferencias estacionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los valores de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón después de los meses de verano y determinar su relación con diferentes variables. METODOS: Se seleccionó a 103 mujeres en el momento del parto durante los meses de octubre, noviembre y principios de diciembre, cuyas gestaciones tuvieron lugar durante meses de máxima exposición solar. Se determinaron las concentraciones de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón umbilical y se recogieron datos perinatales, ingesta de vitamina D y calcio y exposición solar mediante cuestionario. Se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante el programa SPSS. Las comparaciones se realizaron mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney, aplicando corrección por comparaciones múltiples de Bonferroni. Se consideró estadísticamente significativa una p inferior a 0,05 y de 0,0083 para comparaciones múltiples. RESULTADOS: El valor medio de 25(OH)D en sangre de cordón fue 12,36±7,2 ng/ml. El 83,4% de las mujeres presentaron niveles deficitarios. Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles bajos de vitamina D y la baja ingesta de vitamina D (coeficiente de correlación 0,29); la etnia, presentando el valor más alto la etnia caucásica (17,9 ± 5,83 ng/ml) y el menor la etnia indopakistaní (6,68 ± 4,2 ng/ml); el uso de indumentaria tradicional (5,64 ± 3,09 ng/ml); la baja exposición solar y el fototipo cutáneo oscuro con un coeficiente de correlación de 0,67 y -0,48 respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D en sangre de cordón umbilical independiente de la exposición solar. Se observó una correlación entre niveles bajos de vitamina D y etnia, indumentaria tradicional, baja exposición solar y fototipo de piel oscura. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los niveles de vitamina D y las variables perinatales estudiadas.

[Sociodemographic Factors Related to Plasma Concentrations of 25-OH Vitamin D and PTH in Cord Blood]. / Concentraciones plasmáticas de 25-OH vitamina D y parathormona en sangre de cordón umbilical.

BACKGROUND: Plasma 25(OH)D levels in the newborn are dependent on maternal stores, thus, neonates of vitamin D-deficient mothers present a greater risk of hypocalcaemia, rickets and infections the first year of life. Several studies showing a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women have been published recently. The aim of the study is to analyze the levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood and determine whether there is a relation with nutritional, socioeconomic and clinical factors of pregnant women and their newborns. METHODS: Between March and May 2013, 99 pregnant women were recruited in Hospital del Mar (Barcelona), in whom plasma 25(OH)D and PTH levels were measured in cord blood at birth. Clinical history data were collected and a nutritional survey was made on maternal vitamin D and calcium intake and sun exposure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and correction for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni. P value <0.05 and <0.0083 for multiple comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D value in cord blood was 10.4 ± 6 .1 ng/ml. 94% of pregnant women had 25(OH)D levels in cord blood <20 ng/ml. Vitamin D and calcium intake was considered adequate in 92% although sun exposure was deficient in 47%. A correlation between serum 25(OH)D and vitamin D (p 0.033) and calcium intake (p 0.005), sun exposure (p<0.001), ethnicity (p<0.001), skin phototype (p<0.001) and use of traditional clothing (p<0.001) was found. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of low levels of vitamin D after winter months in cord blood. The lowest 25(OH D levels were observed in Indo-Pakistani ethnicity, dark phototype and deficient sun exposure.

[Use of illicit drugs over gestation and their neonatal impact. Comparison between periods 1982-1988 and 2002-2008]. / Consumo de drogas durante la gestación y su repercusión neonatal. Análisis de los períodos 1982-1988 y 2002-2008.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The use of illicit drugs during pregnancy becomes a high risk situation. Our objective is to determine the currently prevalence, pregnancy, delivery and newborn's characteristics of mothers who use illicit drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of children exposed prenatally to illicit drugs in the Neonatology's Unit of the Hospital del Mar during 2002-2008 and comparison with 1982-1988 data. RESULTS: Heroin use is lower currently and it is always associated with other drugs, mainly inhaled or smoked. There is an increase of the maternal age (28.4 years), an improved gestational control (60.5%) and more newborns are attended in shelters (13.1%). Methadone programs provide better overall results. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (25%) and hepatitis B (BHV) (2.5%) infections have decreased. Placental abruption rate in cocaine users is very high (11%). By comparing both periods, there were statistically significant differences in maternal age, gestational control, delivery way, neonatal withdrawal syndrome treatment and newborn destination. CONCLUSIONS: Drug abuse remains prevalent in native pregnants. Heroin use has decreased. At present, there is a better gestational control and less HIV and HBV infections. The gestational age and somatometric parameters have not changed over the years. Methadone programs improve the deleterious aspects of opioid use. Placental abruption in pregnancy and neurobehavioral disorders in newborn are common in cocaine users.