RESUMO
In 15% to 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant proliferation is a consequence of a juxtamembrane mutation in the FLT3 gene (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication [FLT3-ITD]), causing constitutive kinase activity. ABT-869 (a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the phosphorylation of FLT3, STAT5, and ERK, as well as Pim-1 expression in MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 cells (IC(50) approximately 1-10 nM) harboring the FLT3-ITD. ABT-869 inhibited the proliferation of these cells (IC(50) = 4 and 6 nM, respectively) through the induction of apoptosis (increased sub-G(0)/G(1) phase, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage), whereas cells harboring wild-type (wt)-FLT3 were less sensitive. In normal human blood spiked with AML cells, ABT-869 inhibited phosphorylation of FLT3 (IC(50) approximately 100 nM), STAT5, and ERK, and decreased Pim-1 expression. In methylcellulose-based colony-forming assays, ABT-869 had no significant effect up to 1000 nM on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, whereas in AML patient samples harboring both FLT3-ITD and wt-FLT3, ABT-869 inhibited colony formation (IC(50) = 100 and 1000 nM, respectively). ABT-869 dose-dependently inhibited MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 flank tumor growth, prevented tumor formation, regressed established MV-4-11 xenografts, and increased survival by 20 weeks in an MV-4-11 engraftment model. In tumors, ABT-869 inhibited FLT3 phosphorylation, induced apoptosis (transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling [TUNEL]) and decreased proliferation (Ki67). ABT-869 is under clinical development for AML.
Assuntos
Indazóis/farmacologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Fase G1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Células K562 , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Camundongos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1 , Fase de Repouso do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição STAT5/metabolismo , Ensaio Tumoral de Célula-Tronco , Células U937RESUMO
The D-Ala-D-Ala adding enzyme (MurF) from Streptococcus pneumoniae catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of the UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide, a critical component of the bacterial cell wall. MurF is a potential target for antibacterial design because it is unique to bacteria and performs an essential non-redundant function in the bacterial cell. The recent discovery and subsequent cocrystal structure determination of MurF in complex with a new class of inhibitors served as a catalyst to begin a medicinal chemistry program aimed at improving their potency. We report here a multidisciplinary approach to this effort that allowed for rapid generation of cocrystal structures, thereby providing the crystallographic information critical for driving the inhibitor optimization process. This effort resulted in the discovery of low-nanomolar inhibitors of this bacterial enzyme.