Stage at presentation of breast cancer in Luanda, Angola - a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: It is expected that, by 2020, 15 million new cases of cancer will occur every year in the world, one million of them in Africa. Knowledge of cancer trends in African countries is far from adequate, and improvements in cancer prevention efforts are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to characterize breast cancer clinically and pathologically at presentation in Luanda, Angola; we additionally provide quality information that will be useful for breast cancer care planning in the country. METHODS: Data on breast cancer cases were retrieved from the Angolan Institute of Cancer Control, from 2006 to 2014. For women diagnosed in 2009 (5-years of follow-up), demographic, clinical and pathological information, at presentation, was collected, namely age at diagnosis, parity, methods used for pathological diagnoses, tumor pathological characteristics, stage of disease and treatment. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer in 2009 was 47 years old (range 25-89). The most frequent clinical presentation was breast swelling with axillary lymph nodes metastasis (44.9 %), followed by a mass larger than 5 cm (14.2 %) and lump (12.9 %). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the main histologic type (81.8 %). Only 10.1 % of cancer cases had a well differentiated histological grade. Cancers were diagnosed mostly at advanced stages (66.7 % in stage III and 11.1 % in stage IV). DISCUSSION: In this study, breast cancer was diagnosed at a very advanced stage. Although it reports data from a single cancer center in Luanda, Angola it reinforces the need for early diagnosis and increasing awareness. According to the main challenges related to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment herein presented, we propose a realistic framework that would allow for the implementation of a breast cancer care program, built under a strong network based on cooperation, teaching, audit, good practices and the organization of health services. CONCLUSION: Angola needs urgently a program for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Evaluación del uso del esquema de paclitaxel con carboplatino en pacientes con cáncer de mama metastásico / Paclitaxel-carboplatine scheme assessment applied in patients presenting with metastatic breast cancer

La quimioterapia con paclitaxel es fundamental en el cáncer de mama metastásico (CMM). Se evaluó la eficacia y seguridad del uso del paclitaxel combinado con carboplatino. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 63 pacientes tratadas en el Servicio de Oncología del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde enero de 2001 hasta diciembre de 2005, con confirmación histológica de cáncer de mama y enfermedad metastásica, tratadas previamente con antraciclinas (en la adyuvancia). Hubo predominio de éstas en etapa premenopáusica; la mediana de edad fue de 44,2 años. Predominaron los receptores hormonales negativos y la presencia de un solo sitio metastásico, El hueso y el pulmón fueron las localizaciones metastásicas más comunes, 26,4 y 21,8 por ciento, respectivamente. El índice de respuesta global fue 33,3 por ciento. No hubo diferencias significativas en los índices de respuestas según las variables pronósticas. La supervivencia a 1, 2 y 3 años fue de 60, 46,4 y 28,2 por ciento, respectivamente. La mediana de supervivencia fue de 16,2 meses. Las variables asociadas a mejor pronóstico fueron índice de Karnofsky ³ 60 por ciento, receptores hormonales positivos y presencia de un solo sitio metastásico. La enfermedad diseminada en hueso, partes blandas y piel tiene mejor pronóstico. Las principales toxicidades fueron: hematológicas, neurológicas y digestivas. El promedio de procesos adversos por paciente fue de 2,6 y 20 por ciento de estos fueron grado 3-4. El incremento de las enzimas hepßticas provocó mayor cantidad de suspensiones de tratamiento. Los esquemas de combinación con paclitaxel tienen buen perfil de seguridad y eficacia aceptable.

Paclitex chemotherapy is essential in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We assessed effectiveness and safety of combined use of carboplatine. Methods: We made a descriptive and retrospective study of 63 patients treated in Oncology Service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Surgical Clinical Hospital from January, 2001 to December, 2005 with a histological confirmation of breast cancer, and metastatic disease, previously treated with anthracyclins (in adjuvant therapy). There was a predominance of negative hormonal receptors, and presence of an only metastatic site. Bone and lungs were the more common metastatic locations, 26.4 percent and 21.8 percent, respectively. Global response rate was of 33.3 percent. There were not significant differences in response rate by prognostic variables. Survival at 1, 2, ant 3 years was of 60, 46.4 and 28.2 percent, respectively. Survival average was of 16,2 months. Variables associated with a better prognosis were a Karnofsky rate ³ 60 percent, positive hormonal receptors and presence of an only metastatic site. Disease disseminated in bone, soft tissues, and skin had a better prognosis. Main toxicities were: hematologic, neurologic, and digestives. The adverse processes average by patient was of 2.6 and the 20 percent of these ones were 3-4 degrees. Increment in hepatic enzymes caused a higher level of treatment suspension. Combined schemes with Paclitaxel have a good and acceptable profile of safety and effectiveness.