Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Natural Populations of Artemisia scoparia Collected at Different Altitudes: Antibacterial, Mosquito Repellent, and Larvicidal Effects.

The current study aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical variations in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Artemisia scoparia growing at different altitudes and to reveal their antibacterial, mosquito larvicidal, and repellent activity. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of A. scoparia EOs revealed that the major compounds were capillene (9.6-31.8%), methyleugenol (0.2-26.6%), ß-myrcene (1.9-21.4%), γ-terpinene (1.5-19.4%), trans-ß-caryophyllene (0.8-12.4%), and eugenol (0.1-9.1%). The EO of A. scoparia collected from the city of Attock at low elevation was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration of 156-1250 µg/mL) and showed the best mosquito larvicidal activity (LC50, 55.3 mg/L). The EOs of A. scoparia collected from the high-altitude areas of Abbottabad and Swat were the most repellent for females of Ae. aegypti and exhibited repellency for 120 min and 165 min, respectively. The results of the study reveal that different climatic conditions and altitudes have significant effects on the chemical compositions and the biological activity of essential oils extracted from the same species.

Environmental implication and cancer risk assessment of residual pollutants in cotton crop: a case study of Multan District, Pakistan.

Pakistan is the fourth largest yarn producer in the world heavily that relies on cotton crop which receives a substantial 62% of all pesticide applications. The present study was conducted to quantify the levels of pesticides such as bifenthrin, spirotetramat, pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid, and diafenthiuron in soil and plants residue at selected cotton fields of Multan District, Pakistan. In addition to pesticides, the assessment of heavy metal concentration was also conducted in order to determine the overall risks that these compounds to both plants and human population. For this analysis, 20 soil samples and 10 plant samples were collected from 10 selected cotton fields. Pesticides and heavy metals in soil and plant samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. It was observed that all samples collected from selected fields contained pesticide residue in top soil (0-15 cm). However, no pesticides were detected in the lower soil layer (16-30 cm). In case of heavy metals, the highest concentration of Fe, Pb, and Mn was observed in both soil and plant residue samples. The heavy metals were found in the order of Fe > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd in the soil. The total carcinogenic risk values for a few pesticides were found to range from 10-6 to 10-2, indicating that residents of the study area have low to higher chances of developing cancer. A positive correlation was observed among the pesticides (r = 0.18-0.95) as well as in metals related parameters (r = 0.49-0.96), where a weak negative correlation was found among metal to pesticide parameters except Pd where the maximum r value was 0.62. In general, the finding of this study encourages the development and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices that lower the dependence on toxic pesticides and endorse environmentally friendly alternatives.

Antidepressive Effect of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting BDNF-TrkB in Gut-Brain Axis.

Modern neurological approaches enable detailed studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. An imbalance in the microbiota-gut-brain axis contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. This extensive review aimed to elucidate the antidepressive effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-targeting therapeutic natural products and their derivatives on the gut-brain axis. This information could facilitate the development of novel antidepressant drugs. BDNF is crucial for neuronal genesis, growth, differentiation, survival, plasticity, and synaptic transmission. Signaling via BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) plays a vital role in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the therapeutic mechanism of antidepressants. This comprehensive review provides information to researchers and scientists for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression and stress. Future research should aim to determine the possible causative role of BDNF-TrkB in the gut-brain axis in depression, which will require further animal and clinical research as well as the development of analytical approaches.

Nitric Oxide as a Target for Phytochemicals in Anti-Neuroinflammatory Prevention Therapy.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a neurotransmitter that mediates the activation and inhibition of inflammatory cascades. Even though physiological NO is required for defense against various pathogens, excessive NO can trigger inflammatory signaling and cell death through reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative stress. Excessive NO production by activated microglial cells is specifically associated with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia, hypoxia, multiple sclerosis, and other afflictions of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, controlling excessive NO production is a desirable therapeutic strategy for managing various neuroinflammatory disorders. Recently, phytochemicals have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to counteract excessive NO production in CNS disorders. Moreover, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals are typically safe and effective. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NO production and its involvement in various neurological disorders, and we revisit a number of recently identified phytochemicals which may act as NO inhibitors. This review may help identify novel potent anti-inflammatory agents that can downregulate NO, specifically during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Trifostigmanoside I, an Active Compound from Sweet Potato, Restores the Activity of MUC2 and Protects the Tight Junctions through PKCα/ß to Maintain Intestinal Barrier Function.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batata) is considered a superfood among vegetables and has been consumed for centuries. Traditionally, sweet potato is used to treat several illnesses, including diarrhea and stomach disorders. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of sweet potato on intestinal barrier function, and to identify the active compounds of sweet potato and their underlying mechanism of action. To this purpose, bioactivity-guided isolation, Western blotting, and immunostaining assays were applied. Interestingly, our bioactivity-guided approach enabled the first isolation and identification of trifostigmanoside I (TS I) from sweet potato. TS I induced mucin production and promoted the phosphorylation of PKCα/ß in LS174T human colon cancer cells. In addition, it protected the function of tight junctions in the Caco-2 cell line. These findings suggest that TS I rescued the impaired abilities of MUC2, and protected the tight junctions through PKCα/ß, to maintain intestinal barrier function.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Parthenium Hysterophorus: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Therapeutic Evaluation.

Traditional synthetic techniques for silver nanoparticles synthesis involve toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans as well as the environment. The green chemistry method for nanoparticle synthesis is rapid, eco-friendly, and less toxic as compared to the traditional methods. In the present research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles employing a green chemistry approach from Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extract. The optimized parthenium silver nanoparticles (PrSNPs) had a mean particle size of 187.87 ± 4.89 nm with a narrow size distribution of 0.226 ± 0.009 and surface charge -34 ± 3.12 mV, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of optimized SNPs was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicates the spherical shape of NPs with an average diameter of 20-25 nm. PrSNPs were investigated for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and showed excellent profiles. The cytotoxic activity was analyzed against two cancer cell lines, i.e., B16F10 and HepG2 for 24 h and 48 h. PrSNPs proved to be an excellent anticancer agent. These PrSNPs were also employed for the treatment of wastewater by monitoring the E. coli count, and it turned out to be reduced by 58%; hence these NPs could be used for disinfecting water. Hence, we can propose that PrSNPs could be a suitable candidate as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor agent for the treatment of several ailments.

A New Oleanane Type Saponin from the Aerial Parts of Nigella sativa with Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential.

Natural product studies explore potential and interesting new compounds to discover innovative drugs. Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Ranunculaceae) is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Flavonoids and triterpenoid mostly show anti-diabetic activity. The current study aim to identify new compounds by a systematic study of the anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activity of aerial parts of N. sativa concerning. Phytochemicals were isolated from the methanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant by column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. A new triterpenoid saponin glycoside was isolated along with flavonoids. The anti-diabetic study was carried out by DPPH, ABTS, α -glucosidase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B assays at doses of 12.5 to 250 µM. The isolated phytochemicals were identified as 3-O-(ß-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-α-l-rhamnopyrnaosyl-(1-2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-(α-l-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1-4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl] hederagenin (1), flaccidoside III (2), catechol (3), quercetin-3-gentiobiosides (4), magnoflorine (5), nigelflavonoside B (6), nigelloside (7), quercetin sphorotrioside (8), kaempferol-3, 7-diglucoside (9), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (10), rutin (11), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranpsylhederagenin (12), 3ß,23,28-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside(1→4)-a-rhamnopyranosyl,(1→4)-ß-d-gluco-pyranoside (13), 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranpsyl]-28-O-ß-d-gluco-pyranosyl hederagenin (14), and α-hederin (15). These were isolated and are reported for the first time in this study. Compared 13 was identified as a new compound. Compound 2 was isolated for first time from the genus Nigella. Compound 6 was found to be the most active in the DPPH, and ABTS assays and compound 10 was found to be the most active in the α-glucosidase assay, with IC50 32.7 ± 0.1, 95.18 ± 0.9, 214.5 ± 0.0 µΜ, respectively. Compound 12, at a dose of 125 µΜ, showed anti-diabetic activity in a PTP1B assay with IC50 91.30 ± 2.5 µΜ. In conclusion, the anti-diabetic activity of N. sativa is due to its flavonoids and TTSGs. Therefore, our studies suggest that the aerial parts of N. sativa are also a valuable and alternate source of valuable phytochemicals that could be used to develop anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic medicines.

Lespedeza bicolor Extract Improves Amyloid Beta25 - 35-Induced Memory Impairments by Upregulating BDNF and Activating Akt, ERK, and CREB Signaling in Mice.

Lespedeza bicolor, a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Australia, North America, and Eastern Asia, has various therapeutic effects on inflammation, nephritis, hyperpigmentation, and diuresis. In this study, to evaluate the effects of L. bicolor on cognitive function, we examined whether L. bicolor improved amyloid beta-induced memory impairment and assessed the possible mechanisms in mice. Catechin, rutin, daidzein, luteolin, naringenin, and genistein were identified in the powdered extract of L. bicolor by HPCL-DAD analyses. In behavioral experiments, L. bicolor (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly improved amyloid beta25 - 35 (6 nmol, intracerebroventricular)-induced cognitive dysfunction in the Y-maze, novel recognition, and passive avoidance tests. Our molecular studies showed L. bicolor (25 and 50 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly recovered the reduced glutathione content as well as increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and acetylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that L. bicolor significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phospho-Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and cAMP response element binding caused by amyloid beta25 - 35 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, L. bicolor exerts a potent memory-enhancing effect on cognitive dysfunction induced by amyloid beta25 - 35 in mice.

Phytochemicals: Target-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: A variety of causative factors are involved in the initiation of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Current antidiabetic therapies are expensive and not easily accessible by the public. Furthermore, the use of multiple synthetic drugs leads to severe side effects, which worsen the diabetic patient's condition. Medicinal plants and their derived phytochemicals are considered safe and effective treatment and their consumption can reduce the DR risk. In this article, we discuss a variety of medicinal plants, and their noteworthy bio-active constituents, that will be utilized as target based therapeutic strategies for DR. Methods: A broad-spectrum study was conducted using published English works in various electronic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: Targeting the multiple pathological factors including ROS, AGEs formation, hexosamine flux, PARP, PKC, and MAPK activation through variety of bioactive constituents in medicinal plants, diabetes progression can be delayed with improved loss of vision. Conclusions: Data reveals that traditional herbs and their prominent bioactive components control and normalize pathological cellular factors involved in DR progression. Therefore, studies should be carried out to explore the protective retinopathy effects of medicinal plants using experimental animal and humans models.

Anticancer Activities of Medicinal Plants: Modulation of p53 Expression and Induction of Apoptosis.

For the treatment of several types of cancers, tumors and malignancies, scientists are investigating natural sources to discover novel therapeutic agents from medicinal plants having diverse anticancer properties. Research on natural products is being conducted to identify unexplored phytochemical constituents that have been proven to have diverse pharmacological activities. Several medicinal plants have been reported to regulate the progression of different types of cancers, tumors, and malignancies. In this article, we briefly summarize the recent progress in exploring the anticancer properties of various medicinal plants reported to modulate the expression of p53 and the induction of apoptosis. These plants provide a rich source of chemo-protective agents that can ultimately be used to manage cancer progression.

Recent Investigations for Discovery of Natural Antioxidants: A Comprehensive Review.

In the biological system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the defense mechanisms of the body. ROS is responsible for the initiation of several cellular responses that can impart the harmful effects on the body, initiating biomolecular damage. Therefore, it is essential to counteract the dangerous effects produced by ROS, which is only possible through the use of antioxidants. Researchers are evaluating medicinal plants to discover and investigate the new antioxidant sources. Using natural antioxidants, beneficial effects on human health can be achieved. In this article, we summarize the recent investigations of the sources of naturally occurring antioxidants.

Dual Role of p21 in the Progression of Cancer and Its Treatment.

Cancer develops due to an imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death. Various mechanisms of carcinogenesis as well as of novel anticancer agents that could be targeted for the treatment of cancer have been proposed by different studies. Among these, p21 is recognized as a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that facilitates cell-cycle arrest by interacting with different stimuli such as p53, DNA repair process, CDK, E2F1, MYC, PCNA, STAT3 AP4, proteasomes, K1F, CDX2, and ER-α. p21 acts both as a tumor-suppressor gene and an inhibitor of apoptosis by interacting with various molecules and transition factors. In this review, we discuss the complex role of p21 in the development of cancer and as a target in its treatment. We conclude that, in the future, the tumor-suppressor activity of p21 should be the focus of a novel treatment strategies, which may lead to the devolvement of new and selective anti-cancer agents for the targeted therapy of cancers.

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Thymus linearis.

The present study was aimed to investigate the antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous methanolic and n-hexane extract of Thymus linearis. For measuring analgesic activity, writhing test, hot plate method and formalin test were performed and abdominal writhing was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of 0.2 ml of 3% acetic acid. While in formalin test, pain was experimentally induced by injecting 25 µl of 2.5% formalin in left hind paw. In hot plate method, pain was induced thermally by keeping the animals on a hot plate with temperature of about 51°C. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by carrageenan induced mice paw edema. For determination of antipyretic activity, pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 15% yeast. The results showed that both the extracts had significant analgesic activity (p<0.05); anti-inflammatory activity (p<0.05) and anti-pyretic activity (p<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded from this study that the extracts of Thymus linearis may be used against pain, pyrexia and inflammation.

Correction: Yadav et al. PLGA-Quercetin Nano-Formulation Inhibits Cancer Progression via Mitochondrial Dependent Caspase-3,7 and Independent FoxO1 Activation with Concomitant PI3K/AKT Suppression. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 1326.

In the published publication [...].

Preeclampsia: A comprehensive review.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening disease of pregnancy and a prominent cause of neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity. PE affects approximately 5-10% of pregnancies worldwide, posing significant risks to perinatal and maternal health. It is characterized by a variety of interconnected pathological cascades contributing to the stimulation of intravascular inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), endothelial cell activation, and syncytiotrophoblast stress that converge on a common pathway, ultimately resulting in disease progression. The present study was designed and executed to review the existing scientific literature, specifically focusing on the etiology (gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, maternal infection, periodontal disease, altered microbiome, and genetics), clinical presentations (hypertension, blood disorders, proteinuria, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, pulmonary edema, cardiac dysfunction, fetal growth restrictions, and eclampsia), therapeutic clinical biomarkers (creatinine, albuminuria, and cystatin C) along with their associations and mechanisms in PE. In addition, this study provides insights into the potential of nanomedicines for targeting these mechanisms for PE management and treatment. Inflammation, OS, proteinuria, and an altered microbiome are prominent biomarkers associated with progression and PE-related pathogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, exploring suitable markers, targeted interventions, comprehensive screening, and holistic strategies are critical to decreasing the incidence of PE and promoting maternal-fetal well-being. The present study comprehensively reviewed the etiology, clinical presentations, therapeutic biomarkers, and preventive potential of nanomedicines in the treatment and management of PE.

Glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end products (GO-AGEs) with UVB critically induce skin inflammaging: in vitro and in silico approaches.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have potential implications on several diseases including skin inflammation and aging. AGEs formation can be triggered by several factors such as UVB, glyoxal and methylglyoxal etc. However, little attention has been paid to glyoxal-derived AGEs (GO-AGEs) and UVB-induced skin inflammaging, with none have investigated together. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of GO-AGEs and UVB in skin inflammaging focusing on revealing its molecular mechanisms. The effects of GO-AGEs in the presence or absence of UVB were studied by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, qPCR, flow cytometry and in silico approaches. In HaCaT cells, GO-AGEs in the presence of UVB irradiation (125 mJ/cm2) dramatically enhanced the release of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) with further activation of RAGE signaling pathways (NF-κB, COX 2, and IL- 1ß) and increased oxidative stress also noticed in NHEK cells. In NHDF cells, extracellular matrix disruption noted via increasing matrix metalloproteinase release and decreasing collagen type 1 and SIRT1 expression. Besides that, the docking scores obtained from the molecular docking study support the above-mentioned results. This study strongly suggests the pivotal role of GO-AGEs in skin inflammaging and illuminates novel molecular pathways for searching most effective and updated anti-aging therapy.

Theoretical Justification of Structural, Magnetoelectronic and Optical Properties in QFeO3 (Q = Bi, P, Sb): A First-Principles Study.

One of the primary objectives of scientific research is to create state-of-the-art multiferroic (MF) materials that exhibit interconnected properties, such as piezoelectricity, magnetoelectricity, and magnetostriction, and remain functional under normal ambient temperature conditions. In this study, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate how changing pnictogen elements affect the structural, electronic, magnetic, and optical characteristics of QFeO3 (Q = Bi, P, SB). Electronic band structures reveal that BiFeO3 is a semiconductor compound; however, PFeO3 and SbFeO3 are metallic. The studied compounds are promising for spintronics, as they exhibit excellent magnetic properties. The calculated magnetic moments decreased as we replaced Bi with SB and P in BiFeO3. A red shift in the values of ε2(ω) was evident from the presented spectra as we substituted Bi with Sb and P in BiFeO3. QFeO3 (Q = Bi, P, SB) showed the maximum absorption of incident photons in the visible region. The results obtained from calculating the optical parameters suggest that these materials have a strong potential to be used in photovoltaic applications.

Computational Intelligence-Based Disease Severity Identification: A Review of Multidisciplinary Domains.

Disease severity identification using computational intelligence-based approaches is gaining popularity nowadays. Artificial intelligence and deep-learning-assisted approaches are proving to be significant in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of several diseases. In addition to disease identification, these approaches have the potential to identify the severity of a disease. The problem of disease severity identification can be considered multi-class classification, where the class labels are the severity levels of the disease. Plenty of computational intelligence-based solutions have been presented by researchers for severity identification. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent approaches for identifying disease severity levels using computational intelligence-based approaches. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and compiled several works related to the severity identification of multidisciplinary diseases of the last decade from well-known publishers, such as MDPI, Springer, IEEE, Elsevier, etc. This article is devoted toward the severity identification of two main diseases, viz. Parkinson's Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy. However, severity identification of a few other diseases, such as COVID-19, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, tuberculosis, sepsis, sleep apnea, psychosis, traumatic brain injury, breast cancer, knee osteoarthritis, and Alzheimer's disease, was also briefly covered. Each work has been carefully examined against its methodology, dataset used, and the type of disease on several performance metrics, accuracy, specificity, etc. In addition to this, we also presented a few public repositories that can be utilized to conduct research on disease severity identification. We hope that this review not only acts as a compendium but also provides insights to the researchers working on disease severity identification using computational intelligence-based approaches.

Essential Oil from Tagetes minuta Has Antiquorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAO1.

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that are enclosed in a matrix that shows increased resistance to antimicrobial and immunological encounters. Mostly, the traditional methods to control biofilm are exhausted; therefore, the aim is to evaluate the potential of essential oil (EO) from Tagetes minuta to encounter biofilm and other related virulence factors. The EO of T. minuta was extracted through steam-distillation, analyzed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the biofilm inhibition assays were performed with various concentrations of EO. Mainly the EO from T. minuta contains cis-ß-ocimene (29.1%), trans-tagetenone (23.1%), and cis-tagetenone (17.7%). The virulence factors were monitored while applying different concentrations of EO and it was recorded that the EO from T. minuta significantly inhibited the virulence factors linked with quorum sensing (QS), such as pyocyanin production, protease production, and swarming motility. Biofilm formation is one of the most important virulence factors associated with the QS pathway and was inhibited up to 79% in the presence of EO. Antibacterial activity against the PAO1 of EO was not so promising particularly and it has high MIC (325 µg/mL) and MBC (5000 µg/mL). EO is quite efficient to inhibit biofilm in a very small concentration of 20 µg/mL, which confirms that the biofilm inhibition by EO is not by killing bacterial cells but by inhibiting the QS pathway. The study on PAO1 constructs carrying various QS reported genes confirmed that the EO interferes with the QS pathway that ultimately controls various virulence factors caused by PAO1.

Thymus linearis Extracts Ameliorate Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Materials and Methods: The extract library (n-hexane (NH), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (M), distilled water (DW), and combined extract (CE)) was standardized using in vitro phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition assays, after which the protective effect of selected "hit," i.e., CE against metabolic syndrome, was determined in vivo, using rats fed a high-fat diet supplemented with additional cholesterol administration. CE was administered to Sprague Dawley rats in high dose as 100 mg/kg in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1 ml; 0.75% in DW) and low-dose group as 50 mg/kg in CMC (0.5 ml; 0.75% in DW). After 10 weeks, the effects of CE on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were assessed through histological, biochemical, and hematological investigations. Results: Phytochemical analysis including RP-HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that flavonoids and phenolics (myricetin, kaempferol, and apigenin), previously known to be effective against obesity and diabetes, are present in the extracts. Antioxidant studies revealed that the plant possesses a highly significant (p < 0.05) concentration of antioxidants. Satisfactory α-amylase inhibitory activity was also observed in in vitro experiments. In vivo studies showed that CE-administered animals had significantly (p < 0.05) lower weight gain and smaller adipocytes than the control group. Moreover, CE resisted any significant (p < 0.05) change in the organ weights. Analogous to findings from its traditional use, the plant extract had a positive modulatory effect on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The study also indicated that CE resisted high-fat diet-induced disturbance in lipid profile and countered any pathological changes in liver enzymes caused by fat-infused diet. Furthermore, a study on endogenous antioxidant levels indicated that CE was effective in maintaining catalase and peroxidase levels within the normal range and resisted the effects of lipid peroxidation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion: In principle, the current study's findings scientifically validate the implication of T. linearis in metabolic syndrome and recommend further studies on molecular insights of the observed therapeutic activity.