[Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain]. / Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas vigentes y variabilidad geográfica de la dieta en mujeres participantes en 7 programas de cribado de cáncer de mama en España.

INTRODUCTION: A healthy diet is especially important during menopause, a period which increases the risk of various health problems. We analyzed the diet of periand postmenopausal Spanish women and the degree of compliance with current recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 3574 women 45-68 years old who attended breast cancer screening programmes in 7 centres (A Coruña, Barcelona, Burgos, Palma de Mallorca, Pamplona, Valencia and Zaragoza). Diet information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Spanish population. For the assessment of compliance with current guidelines we used the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition for food groups intake and by the Spanish Federation of Nutrition, Food and Dietetics for energy, vitamins and minerals intake. RESULTS: The 29% of women were obese and 42% overweight. The average caloric intake was 2.053 kcal (SD 480). The general energy profile was: 43% of the energy from the carbohydrates, 36% from fats, and 20% from proteins. There was a low vitamin D intake in all centres of the study, with an overall mean intake of 2.14 mg/day. A deficit of vitamin E intake in A Coruña and Burgos was also detected. Intake of dairy products and vegetables was high in all the study centers. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was very heterogeneous, with high intakes observed in Mallorca and Valencia and low for both food groups in A Coruña. The olive oil intake was high in all centers except Burgos with 74.3% of the women studied below the recommended 3 servings per day. CONCLUSIONS: A diet with less fat and protein and a higher consumption of vegetables, nuts and foods rich in carbohydrate might balance the energy intake and improve the quality of the diet correcting the low intakes of vitamins D and E. These recommendations are especially important in cities far from the Mediterranean coast where more breaches have been detected over the current recommendations with a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

CO2 production, body temperature, and ventilation in hypoxic newborn cats and dogs before and after body warming.

Many newborn mammals decrease metabolism and body temperature (Tb) during acute hypoxia. We asked what effects warming of the hypoxic newborn would have on these variables. In unanesthetized newborn cats and dogs, we measured the breathing pattern, CO2 production, Tb, and ambient temperature during normoxia at an ambient temperature of 28 degrees C, 30 min of hypoxia (10% O2), and an additional 30 min of hypoxia plus warming. During hypoxia, Tb and CO2 production decreased in both species, whereas the absolute value of ventilation did not change in kittens and increased in puppies. During hypoxia plus warming, Tb was gradually returned to the normoxic value by increasing ambient temperature by 3 to 4.5 degrees C. This increase did not modify CO2 production in either species, and it increased minute ventilation in kittens. We conclude that during hypoxia 1) warming the newborn can increase Tb, but not metabolism, to the normoxic value; 2) the decrease in Tb is not a causative prerequisite of the hypoxia-hypometabolism; and 3) an artificial increase in Tb to the normoxic value can stimulate minute ventilation, probably because it is perceived as an hyperthermic stimulus.

[Assessment of chemotactic activity in newborn infants and during the first year of life (author's transl)]. / Actividad quimiotáctica sérica en el recién nacido y primer año de vida.

Chemotactic activity in 58 full term newborn and in infants during the first year of life was studied. Samples were taken from cord blood and blood drawn at three and 15 days after birth and at one, three, six and 12 month of age. Chemotactic activity was assessed by Boyden's technique. It was found that samples obtained before the first month of life had a decrease of function as compared with those of the mothers. Chemotactic indexes were parallel to those of mothers by the end of the first year of life. These findings suggest that impairment of the function observed in infants may be due to a deficit in synthesis of complement factors.

[Serum opsonic activity in newborns and through the first year of life (author's transl)]. / Actividad opsónica sérica en recién nacidos y primer año de la vida.

Serum opsonic capacity for "Staph. aureus" was studied in 58 full term infants at birth and through their 1st year of life. The comparison between serum opsonic activity from the infants and their mothers disclosed that infants had a significant decrease of the opsonic activity during the first three months of life. The study of serum levels of C3, C4, IgG and IgM, showed a significant correlation between opsonizationa and low levels of the complement components C3 and C4.

[Development of the serum levels of complement during the first year of life]. / Evolución de lose niveles séricos de complemento durante el primer año de la vida.

Development of human C. system was studied by quantification of total serum hemolytical activity (CH50) and individual levels of C3, C4 and C5 in full term newborns. Comparison of results in newborn infants and their mothers sera is made. The ratios of neonatal-maternal sera concentrations were CH50, 0.29; C3, 0.61; C4, 0.51, and C5, 0.63. Serum concentrations of C3 and C4 reached maternal concentrations at twelve months of age. Serum concentrations of C4 and CH50 reached maternal levels at six months of age.