Gender Trends in Radiology Authorship: A 35-Year Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe trends over time in female authorship in the radiology literature and to investigate the tendency of female first authors to publish with female senior authors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on the gender of academic physician authors based in the United States for all major articles published in three general radiology journals--Radiology, AJR, and Academic Radiology--were collected and analyzed for the years 1978, 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2013. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant trends over time, and a chi-square test of independence was performed to determine significant relations between the genders of first and senior authors. RESULTS: The gender of 4182 of 4217 (99.17%) authors with MD degrees was determined. The proportion of original research articles published by women as first authors increased from 8.33% in 1978 to 32.35% in 2013 (p < 0.001). The proportion of original research articles with women as senior authors increased from 6.75% in 1978 to 21.90% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Female first and senior authorship increased significantly over time (first author, p < 0.001; senior author, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant relation between the genders of first and senior authors of original research articles and guest editorials (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Over 35 years, there was a statistically significant upward linear trend of female physician participation in authorship of academic radiology literature. Female first authors were more likely to publish with female senior authors.

Representation of Women on Radiology Journal Editorial Boards: A 40-Year Analysis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We examined female representation on editorial boards of four prominent radiology journals. We compared editorial board representation to female academic radiology career advancement and the proportion of female authorship in three journals over four decades. METHODS: We collected data on the gender of editorial board members as listed on mastheads of Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR), Academic Radiology, and the Journal of the American College of Radiology in 5-year intervals plus the most recent year available (1973-2017), and the gender of their editors-in-chief for all years since each journal's inception. We compared Radiology, AJR, and Academic Radiology data to published data on gender of the journals' authors, all US medical students, and academic radiologists over time. RESULTS: Gender was determined for 171 editors-in-chief (100%) and 2139 (100%) editorial board members listed in the selected journals for each of the study years. The proportion of women on editorial boards increased from 1.4% (1 of 69) in 1978 to 18.8% (73 of 388) in 2013 (P < .001), but remained below the proportion of female first authors (7.5% in 1978 and 27.1% in 2013) and female faculty in radiology (11.5% in 1978 and 28.1% in 2013). None of the four general radiology journals had a female editor-in-chief during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Female representation on editorial boards has increased over time, but still lags behind increases seen in female first authorship in radiology journals and radiology faculty appointments over the last four decades. There was no female editor-in-chief during the study period.

Impact of family and gender on career goals: results of a national survey of 4586 surgery residents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine how marriage, children, and gender influence US categorical general surgery residents' perceptions of their profession and motivations for specialty training. DESIGN: Cross-sectional national survey administered after the January 2008 American Board of Surgery In-service Training Examination. SETTING: Two hundred forty-eight US general surgery residency programs. PARTICIPANTS: All US categorical general surgery residents. INTERVENTIONS: We evaluated demographic characteristics with respect to survey responses using the chi(2) test, analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression. Interaction terms between variables were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceptions of respondents regarding the future of general surgery and the role of specialty training in relation to anticipated income and lifestyle. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 75.0% (4586 respondents). Mean age was 30.6 years; 31.7% were women, 51.3% were married, and 25.4% had children. Of the respondents, 28.7% believed general surgery is becoming obsolete (30.1% of men and 25.9% of women; P = .004), and 55.1% believed specialty training is necessary for success (56.4% of men and 52.7% of women; P = .02). Single residents and residents without children were more likely to plan for fellowship (59.1% single vs 51.9% married, P < .001; 57.0% with no children vs 50.1% with children, P < .001). In our multivariate analyses, male gender was an independent predictor of worry that general surgery is becoming obsolete (P = .003). Female residents who were single or had no children tended to identify lifestyle rather than income as a motivator for specialty training. CONCLUSION: Marital status, children, and gender appear to have a powerful effect on general surgery residents' career planning.