RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of chronic kidney disease on the survival of patients - 80 years of age undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the long term. METHODS: 273 subjects who underwent PCI between January 2010 and January 2016 were divided into four categories: (1) stable angina (SA) and creatinine clearance - 30 (n=24); (2) patients with SA and CrCl <30 (n=70); (3) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and CrCl - 30 (n=51); (4) patients with ACS and ICC <30 (n=128). Mortality curves were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups were compared by log-rank statistic. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method. The 4 groups were compared and the survival between the groups was evaluated. RESULTS: Octogenarian patients with CrCl <30 with SA and ACS have lower long-term survival (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: CKD has a worse long-term prognosis for patients undergoing PCI.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/mortalidade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/cirurgia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Causas de Morte/tendências , Creatinina/metabolismo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a possible evolutionary post-heart transplant return of autonomic function using quantitative and qualitative information from recurrence plots. METHODS: Using electrocardiography, 102 RR tachograms of 45 patients (64.4% male) who underwent heart transplantation and that were available in the database were analyzed at different follow-up periods. The RR tachograms were collected from patients in the supine position for about 20 minutes. A time series with 1000 RR intervals was analyzed, a recurrence plot was created, and the following quantitative variables were evaluated: percentage of determinism, percentage of recurrence, average diagonal length, Shannon entropy, and sample entropy, as well as the visual qualitative aspect. RESULTS: Quantitative and qualitative signs of heart rate variability recovery were observed after transplantation. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that autonomic innervation of the heart begins to happen gradually after transplantation. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of recurrence can be useful tools for monitoring cardiac transplant patients and detecting the gradual return of heart rate variability.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Transplante de Coração/reabilitação , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Entropia , Feminino , Coração/inervação , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In the clinical scenario of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, several patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease are discharged without a defined strategy to monitor the residual atherosclerotic lesions. The clinical endpoints evaluated were cardiovascular death, symptoms of angina pectoris, rehospitalization for a new acute coronary syndrome, and the necessity of reintervention during the two-year follow-up. METHODS: This observational, prospective, and historical study included multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease patients who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation only at the culprit lesion site; these patients were monitored in the outpatient clinic according to two treatments: the Clinical Group - CG (optimized pharmacological therapy associated with counseling for a healthy diet and cardiac rehabilitation) or the Intervention Group - IG (new staged percutaneous coronary intervention or surgical coronary artery bypass graft surgery combined with the previously prescribed treatment). RESULTS: Of 143 patients consecutively admitted with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, 57 were eligible for the study (CG=44 and IG=13). Regarding the clinical endpoints, the cardiovascular death rate did not differ between the CG and IG. The symptom of angina pectoris and the rehospitalization rate for a new episode of acute coronary syndrome were accentuated in the CG (P=0.020 and P=0.049, respectively) mainly in individuals with evidence of ischemia evidenced by myocardial scintigraphy (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) which culminated in an even greater need for reintervention (P=0.001) in this subgroup of patients. CONCLUSION: The staged intervention was demonstrated to be safe and able to reduce angina pectoris and rehospitalization for a new episode of acute coronary syndrome. In addition, it decreases the likelihood of unplanned reinterventions of patients without ischemia evidenced by myocardial scintigraphy.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hospitalização , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is related to higher morbidity and mortality. In this study we evaluated the linear and nonlinear indices of the HRV in stable angina patients submitted to coronary angiography. METHODS: We studied 77 unselected patients for elective coronary angiography, which were divided into two groups: coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-CAD groups. For analysis of HRV indices, HRV was recorded beat by beat with the volunteers in the supine position for 40 minutes. We analyzed the linear indices in the time (SDNN [standard deviation of normal to normal], NN50 [total number of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50ms] and RMSSD [root-mean square of differences]) and frequency domains ultra-low frequency (ULF) ≤ 0,003 Hz, very low frequency (VLF) 0,003 - 0,04 Hz, low frequency (LF) (0.04-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF) (0.15-0.40 Hz) as well as the ratio between LF and HF components (LF/HF). In relation to the nonlinear indices we evaluated SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, approximate entropy (-ApEn), α1, α2, Lyapunov Exponent, Hurst Exponent, autocorrelation and dimension correlation. The definition of the cutoff point of the variables for predictive tests was obtained by the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). The area under the ROC curve was calculated by the extended trapezoidal rule, assuming as relevant areas under the curve ≥ 0.650. RESULTS: Coronary arterial disease patients presented reduced values of SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, HF, SD1, SD2 and -ApEn. HF ≤ 66 ms2, RMSSD ≤ 23.9 ms, ApEn ≤-0.296 and NN50 ≤ 16 presented the best discriminatory power for the presence of significant coronary obstruction. CONCLUSION: We suggest the use of Heart Rate Variability Analysis in linear and nonlinear domains, for prognostic purposes in patients with stable angina pectoris, in view of their overall impairment.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective: To evaluate a possible evolutionary post-heart transplant return of autonomic function using quantitative and qualitative information from recurrence plots. Methods: Using electrocardiography, 102 RR tachograms of 45 patients (64.4% male) who underwent heart transplantation and that were available in the database were analyzed at different follow-up periods. The RR tachograms were collected from patients in the supine position for about 20 minutes. A time series with 1000 RR intervals was analyzed, a recurrence plot was created, and the following quantitative variables were evaluated: percentage of determinism, percentage of recurrence, average diagonal length, Shannon entropy, and sample entropy, as well as the visual qualitative aspect. Results: Quantitative and qualitative signs of heart rate variability recovery were observed after transplantation. Conclusion: There is evidence that autonomic innervation of the heart begins to happen gradually after transplantation. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of recurrence can be useful tools for monitoring cardiac transplant patients and detecting the gradual return of heart rate variability.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Transplante de Coração/reabilitação , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Entropia , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Coração/inervação , Modelos Teóricos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Advanced liver failure (ALF) usually presents hypocholesterolemia. Nevertheless, some patients with ALF develops major coronary obstructive diseases with consequent increased risk or contraindication to liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of classical risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with ALF with and without obstructive coronary disease. METHODS: Evaluation of risk factors for CAD in 119 patients in a referral center for liver transplantation, with the following characteristics: patients older than 40 years of age with ALV who underwent coronary angiography. RESULTS: Obstructive coronary disease was detected in 21 (17.6%) of the cases. These patients had really low cholesterol levels, of which 129.0 ± 53.5 mg/dl averaging 117.0 mg/dl in liver disease patients with normal coronary arteries and 135.4 ± 51.7 mg/dl averaging 122.0 mg/dl in liver disease patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (P = 0.8215). In multivariate logistic regression, age, sex, body mass index and the presence of diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption were not statistically significant in distinguishing groups. Nor was there an association with the etiology of the ALF. In turn, hypertension was proven to be relevant in association with CAD (P = 0.0474). CONCLUSION: Only hypertension was a risk factor with statistical significance for the development of CAD in patients with ALF awaiting liver transplantation. Because it is a modifiable risk factor, this finding guides the practice of therapeutic attitudes in an attempt to prevent or delay the development of CAD in these patients.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Hepatopatias/complicações , Transplante de Fígado , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hepatopatias/cirurgia , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective: In the clinical scenario of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, several patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease are discharged without a defined strategy to monitor the residual atherosclerotic lesions. The clinical endpoints evaluated were cardiovascular death, symptoms of angina pectoris, rehospitalization for a new acute coronary syndrome, and the necessity of reintervention during the two-year follow-up. Methods: This observational, prospective, and historical study included multivessel coronary atherosclerotic disease patients who were admitted to a tertiary care university hospital with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation only at the culprit lesion site; these patients were monitored in the outpatient clinic according to two treatments: the Clinical Group - CG (optimized pharmacological therapy associated with counseling for a healthy diet and cardiac rehabilitation) or the Intervention Group - IG (new staged percutaneous coronary intervention or surgical coronary artery bypass graft surgery combined with the previously prescribed treatment). Results: Of 143 patients consecutively admitted with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, 57 were eligible for the study (CG=44 and IG=13). Regarding the clinical endpoints, the cardiovascular death rate did not differ between the CG and IG. The symptom of angina pectoris and the rehospitalization rate for a new episode of acute coronary syndrome were accentuated in the CG (P=0.020 and P=0.049, respectively) mainly in individuals with evidence of ischemia evidenced by myocardial scintigraphy (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively) which culminated in an even greater need for reintervention (P=0.001) in this subgroup of patients. Conclusion: The staged intervention was demonstrated to be safe and able to reduce angina pectoris and ...
Objetivo: No cenário do Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST, diversos pacientes com doença coronária aterosclerótica multiarterial recebem alta hospitalar sem estratégia definida para seguimento de coronariopatia residual. Avaliamos o desfecho composto por morte cardiovascular, sintoma de angina de peito, reinternação por nova síndrome coronária aguda ou necessidade de reintervenção no seguimento de dois anos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, histórico, incluindo portadores de doença coronária aterosclerótica multiarterial admitidos em serviço terciário universitário com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária com implante de stent apenas na lesão culpada e conduzidos ambulatorialmente conforme duas terapêuticas: Grupo Clínico - GC (terapia farmacológica otimizada associada à orientação dietética saudável e reabilitação cardiovascular) ou Grupo Intervenção - GI (nova ICP estadiada ou revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica aliada ao tratamento previamente descrito). Resultados: De 143 pacientes consecutivamente admitidos com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST, 57 foram elegíveis para o estudo (GC=44 e GI=13). Em relação aos desfechos, o GI não diferiu do GC quanto à taxa de óbito cardiovascular. O sintoma de angina de peito e a taxa de reinternação por novo episódio de síndrome coronária aguda destacam-se no GC (P=0,020 e P=0,049; respectivamente), principalmente nos indivíduos com evidência de isquemia à cintilografia miocárdica (P<0,001 e P=0,001; respectivamente) culminando, inclusive, ...
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Angina Pectoris/terapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/mortalidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Seguimentos , Hospitalização , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Imagem de Perfusão do Miocárdio , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência hepática avançada (IHA) geralmente cursa com hipocolesterolemia. Apesar disso, uma parcela dos pacientes com IHA desenvolve coronariopatia obstrutiva de grau importante com consequente aumento de risco ou até contraindicação para transplante hepático. OBJETIVO: Analisar a contribuição dos fatores de risco clássicos para doença arterial coronariana (DAC) em pacientes portadores de IHA com e sem coronariopatia obstrutiva. MÉTODOS: Avaliação dos fatores de risco para DAC em 119 pacientes, em um serviço de referência para transplante hepático, com as seguintes características: mais de 40 anos de idade, portadores de IHA e submetidos a cinecoronariografia. RESULTADOS: Coronariopatia obstrutiva foi detectada em 21 (17,6 por cento) dos casos. Esses pacientes apresentavam realmente níveis baixos de colesterol, sendo de 129,0 ± 53,5 mg/dl com mediana de 117,0 mg/dl nos hepatopatas com coronárias normais e 135,4 ± 51,7 mg/dl com mediana de 122,0 mg/dl nos hepatopatas com coronariopatia obstrutiva (P=0,8215). Na regressão logística multivariada, a idade, o sexo, o índice de massa corporal, bem como as presenças de diabete, de tabagismo e de etilismo não tiveram significância estatística isolada na diferenciação entre os grupos. Também não houve associação com a etiologia da IHA. Por sua vez, a hipertensão arterial mostrou-se relevante na associação com DAC (P=0,0474). CONCLUSÃO: Apenas a hipertensão arterial foi fator de risco com significância estatística para o desenvolvimento de DAC em pacientes com IHA aguardando transplante hepático. Por ser um fator de risco modificável, esse achado orienta a prática de atitudes terapêuticas na tentativa de evitar ou retardar o desenvolvimento da DAC nesses pacientes.
BACKGROUND: Advanced liver failure (ALF) usually presents hypocholesterolemia. Nevertheless, some patients with ALF develops major coronary obstructive diseases with consequent increased risk or contraindication to liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of classical risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with ALF with and without obstructive coronary disease. METHODS: Evaluation of risk factors for CAD in 119 patients in a referral center for liver transplantation, with the following characteristics: patients older than 40 years of age with ALV who underwent coronary angiography. RESULTS: Obstructive coronary disease was detected in 21 (17.6 percent) of the cases. These patients had really low cholesterol levels, of which 129.0 ± 53.5 mg/dl averaging 117.0 mg/dl in liver disease patients with normal coronary arteries and 135.4 ± 51.7 mg/dl averaging 122.0 mg/dl in liver disease patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (P = 0.8215). In multivariate logistic regression, age, sex, body mass index and the presence of diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption were not statistically significant in distinguishing groups. Nor was there an association with the etiology of the ALF. In turn, hypertension was proven to be relevant in association with CAD (P = 0.0474). CONCLUSION: Only hypertension was a risk factor with statistical significance for the development of CAD in patients with ALF awaiting liver transplantation. Because it is a modifiable risk factor, this finding guides the practice of therapeutic attitudes in an attempt to prevent or delay the development of CAD in these patients.
FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia hepática avanzada (IHA) generalmente cursa con hipocolesterolemia. A pesar de eso, una parcela de los pacientes con IHA desarrolla coronariopatía obstructiva de grado importante con consecuente aumento de riesgo o incluso contraindicación para trasplante hepático. OBJETIVOS: Analizar la contribución de los factores de riesgo clásicos para la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) en pacientes portadores de IHA con y sin coronariopatía obstructiva. MÉTODOS: Evaluación de los factores de riesgo para EAC en 119 pacientes, en un servicio de referencia para trasplante hepático, con las siguientes características: más de 40 años de edad, portadores de IHA y sometidos a cinecoronariografía. RESULTADOS: Coronariopatía obstructiva fue detectada en 21 (17,6 por ciento) de los casos. Estos pacientes presentaban realmente niveles bajos de colesterol, siendo de 129,0±53,5mg/dL con mediana de 117,0mg/dL en los hepatópatas con coronarias normales y 135,4±51,7mg/dL con mediana de 122,0mg/dL en los hepatópatas con coronariopatía obstructiva (P=0,8215). En la regresión logística multivariada, la edad, el sexo, el índice de masa corporal, así como las presencias de diabetes, de tabaquismo y de etilismo no tuvieron significancia estadística aislada en la diferenciación entre los grupos. También no hubo asociación con la etiología de la IHA. A su vez, la hipertensión arterial se mostró relevante en la asociación con EAC (P=0,0474). CONCLUSIÓN: Sólo la hipertensión arterial fue factor de riesgo con significancia estadística para el desarrollo de EAC en pacientes con IHA aguardando trasplante hepático. Por ser un factor de riesgo cambiable, este hallazgo orienta hacia una práctica de actitudes terapéuticas en la tentativa de evitarse o retardar el desarrollo de la EAC en estos pacientes.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Transplante de Fígado , Hepatopatias/complicações , Doença Crônica , Hipertensão/complicações , Hepatopatias/cirurgia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Descrever os eventos adversos ocorridos durante e após angioplastia coronária (ATC), possivelmente relacionados ao reuso de produtos médico-hospitalares, além de quantificar e identificar os motivos de descarte em relação ao primeiro uso e ao reuso. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 60 pacientes, sendo que 29 (48,3 por cento) apresentavam angina instável, 27 (45 por cento) IAM e quatro (6,7 por cento) outros diagnósticos. Durante o procedimento e na permanência na Unidade Intensiva Coronariana, atentou-se à possibilidade de ocorrência dos eventos adversos febre, hipertensão, hipotensão, calafrios, sudorese, sangramento, náuseas e vômitos. Foram avaliados sete produtos médico-hospitalares: introdutor, cateter-guia, fio-guia 0.35, fio-guia 0.014, cateter- balão para angioplastia, seringa com manômetro para insuflar balão (indeflator) e torneira de três vias (manifold). No total de produtos (76 de primeiro uso e 410 reprocessados), verificou-se se houve descarte e se isto ocorreu antes ou durante o procedimento e quais os motivos para tanto. Utilizou-se o teste Qui Quadrado, admitindo-se erro alfa de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis pacientes apresentaram eventos adversos. A hipotensão foi o evento mais prevalente e ocorreu em 11(18,3 por cento) casos. Não houve, porém, significância estatística entre o evento adverso hipotensão e reuso ou não dos produtos médico-hospitalares. Por não estarem íntegros, foram descartados três produtos de primeiro uso e 55 produtos dos reutilizados. CONCLUSÃO: Os eventos adversos apresentados pelos pacientes submetidos à angioplastia não estão associados ao reuso dos produtos médico-hospitalares. A integridade e funcionalidade foram os motivos principais de descarte.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the adverse effects that occur during and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) possibly related to the reuse of medical equipment. An additional objective is to quantify and identify the reasons of discard in respect to the brand-new and reuse of medical equipment. METHOD: Sixty patients were studied (48.3 percent with unstable angina, 45 percent with acute myocardial infarction and 6.7 percent with other diagnoses). During the procedure and stay in the Intensive Coronary Unit, the occurrence of fever, hypotension or hypertension, chills, sudoresis, bleeding, nausea and vomits were observed. Seven products were evaluated: catheter introducer, catheter guides (0.35 and 0.014), catheter balloons for angioplasty, indeflators and manifolds. In total, 76 brand-new and 410 reused apparatuses were studied to verify the occurrence of discard, whether this happened before or during the procedure and for what reasons. P-values < 0.05 were considered signicant. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients presented adverse effects. Hypotension was the most common seen in 11(18.3 percent) cases. There was no significant association between this adverse effect and reuse or not of the equipment. Three brand-new products and 55 of the reused products were discarded as they were incomplete. CONCLUSION: The adverse effects presented by patients submitted to coronary vessel angioplasty were not associated to the reuse of the medical equipment. The integrity and functionality were the main reasons of discard.