Combination of EEG-Guided Adaptive Neurostimulation with Resonance Scanning in Correction of Stress-Induced States and Cognitive Rehabilitation of University Students.

The correction of stress-induced states and cognitive rehabilitation were carried out during the examination session in three university student groups comparable in the number, sex, and age. In the experimental group, a combination of EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation with preliminary resonance scanning was used. In control group 1, only EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation was used. In control group 2, musical-acoustic stimuli were presented without feedback from the subject's EEG. Experiments with preliminary resonance scanning revealed the maximum positive effects compared to the two control types of stimulation. A significant increase in the power of EEG rhythms, especially in the alpha range, was accompanied by a significant increase in subjective indicators of the functional state and cognitive activity. These results can be explained from the standpoint of the progressive involvement of the resonant, integrative, and neuroplasticity mechanisms of the brain into the processes of normalization the functional state of the body under the influence of combined stimulation procedures.

[Music-Acoustic Signals Controlled by Subject's Brain Potentials in the Correction of Unfavorable Functional States].

Literature review and the results of own studies on the development and experimental testing of musical EEG neurofeedback technology are presented. The technology is based on exposure of subjects to music or music-like signals that are organized in strict accordance with the current values of brain potentials of the patient. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the effectiveness of several versions of the technology, using specific and meaningful for the individual narrow-frequency EEG oscillators during the correction of unfavorable changes of the functional state.

[The Effect of Repeated Local Ischemia on the Temperature and Skin Microcirculation in Human Hand].

Thermal imaging and laser Doppler flowmetry were applied to study the effects of infrared (IR) radiation mediated by vascular response in healthy volunteers during regular unilateral arteriovenous occlusion of one of the fingers (4 times a day for 7 months with a gradual increase in exposure from 10 to 30 min). After repeated unilateral exposure, we observed consistent changes in temperature conditions and modes of thermoregulation of corresponding skin areas of both hands. We discovered a high level of positive correlation between the dynamics of IR emission from the experimental and control skin areas in the recovery phase after clamping, which indicates that systemic vascular response is involved. The possible mechanisms of post-occlusive changes in skin of the distal phalanges are discussed. These data suggest that multiple regular unilateral arteriovenous occlusions enhance the intradermal blood flow and can be used for the prevention of disorders of the peripheral microcirculation in various pathological conditions.

[Evaluation of the functional state of drivers by parameters of vegetative regulation of cardiac rhythm with the use of method of wireless cardiorhythmography].

Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides the possibility to obtain the predictive and meaningful information on the functional status and features of adaptive responses of the whole organism. Monitoring the functional state in the course of professional activities with the use of wireless cardiorhythmography provides data acquisition on heart rate dynamics in accordance with the level of occupational load. The article is devoted to the development of methods for rapid assessment of the functional state of motor vehicle drivers in the process of occupational activity. There was performed the hygienic assessment of working conditions of jobs. The studies of the influence of the factor loadings on the level of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) of drivers were performed with the help of wireless telemetry system. A developed computer software were used for the calculation of the spectral parameters of HRV. By the analysis of cardiorhythmograms in drivers there were both revealed significant disorders of the rhythm of the cardiac activity (reduction of total power TP, HF-component, increase in LF-component, LF/HF index, extrasystole) and recorded changes in the spectral HRV indices in accordance with the level of occupational load, that represents the degree of individual response. The method of wireless cardiorhythmography is promising for the creation of personalized monitoring system to assess the risk of individual occupational risk.

A new cognitive clock matching phenotypic and epigenetic ages.

Cognitive abilities decline with age, constituting a major manifestation of aging. The quantitative biomarkers of this process, as well as the correspondence to different biological clocks, remain largely an open problem. In this paper we employ the following cognitive tests: 1. differentiation of shades (campimetry); 2. evaluation of the arithmetic correctness and 3. detection of reversed letters and identify the most significant age-related cognitive indices. Based on their subsets we construct a machine learning-based Cognitive Clock that predicts chronological age with a mean absolute error of 8.62 years. Remarkably, epigenetic and phenotypic ages are predicted by Cognitive Clock with an even better accuracy. We also demonstrate the presence of correlations between cognitive, phenotypic and epigenetic age accelerations that suggests a deep connection between cognitive performance and aging status of an individual.

Mechanisms of Light and Music Stimulation Controlled by a Person's own Brain and Heart Biopotentials or Those of another Person.

The aim of the study was to carry out comparative analysis of effects observed in subjects exposed to light and music stimulation controlled by their own brain and heart biopotentials (closed-loop method) or biopotentials of another person. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volunteers under stress participated in two experiments in pairs. In the first experiment, light and music stimulation effects formed in each subject in a pair on the basis of their own brain and heart biopotentials, while in the second experiment, they formed on the basis of biopotentials of the other subject. RESULTS: Both types of exposure caused reducing the tension of the regulatory systems in the body, reducing stress levels and improving the emotional state due to the mechanisms of multisensory integration and neuroplasticity. A significant increase in the power of the main EEG rhythms, accompanied by significant positive changes in psychological testing results and positive emotional responses to stimulation was observed only during light and music stimulation controlled by the subjects' own brain and heart biopotentials. These data are attributable to the integration of perception and processing of interoceptive signals significant for humans into the resonance mechanisms of the central nervous system, providing normalization of functional state due to stimulation. CONCLUSION: The data obtained can be used for developing the effective methods of personalized light and music stimulation aimed at timely elimination of functional disorders and returning the human body to homeostasis.

[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and current possibilities of its treatment by the method of neurofeedback training].

The article provides an overview of the literature data for the past 10 years on the prevalence, specificity of manifestations and approaches to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current data on the nature and mechanisms of the method of neurofeedback training (NFBT), as well as the available data on the use of the method for treatment of ADHD are presented. The evaluation of the effectiveness of existing variants of the method in the treatment of ADHD is given, and promising areas for further research are identified.

[EFFECTS OF MUSIC-ACOUSTIC SIGNALS, ONLINE CONTROLLED BY EEG OSCILLATORS OF THE SUBJECT].

The effects of 2 variants of the method of musical EEG neurofeedback, in which the dominant spectral components of subject's EEG (EEG oscillators) are online converted to music-like signals similar by timbre to flute sounds, have been studied. In the first case, these music-like signals were smoothly varying by the pitch and intensity in accordance with the current amplitude of the EEG oscillator. In the second case, the same variations of flute-like sound were accompanied by such musical element as rhythm. After the single exposure, the modifications of subject's brain activity and positive changes in psycho-physiological state of the subject have been found. Particularly pronounced effects were observed under rhythmically organized music-like stimuli.