RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Major depression is a highly prevalent condition. Its pathogenesis is related to a wide variety of biological and psychosocial factors and among these is factors related to lifestyle. Lifestyle-based interventions seem to be appropriate strategies as coadjutant treatment. The objective of this study is to explore and identify expectations and experiences of both patients and healthcare professionals that can point to the main barriers and facilitators with regard to the promotion of healthy dietary and hygiene behaviours in patients suffering from major depression. METHODS: A qualitative design was used to collect information from a wide range of purposefully and theoretically guided samples of depressed patients and health professionals from Primary Care (PC). Both in-depth interviews and discussion groups were used. A standardized protocol was designed to guide the interviews and groups, including the preparation of a topic list to be addressed, with previously tested, open suggestions that could be of interest. A thematic analysis was performed from grounded theory in order to explore, develop and define until saturation the emergent categories of analysis derived from the individual interview and group data. RESULTS: Both patients as well as PC professionals noted a series of central aspects with respect to the implementation of a programme for the acquisition of healthy dietary and hygiene habits for depressive patients, which may be organized around 'personal', 'programmatic', and 'transversal' aspects. As for the personal aspects, categories regarding 'patient history', and 'disposition' were found; the programmatic aspects included categories such as 'presentation and monitoring', and modification of 'cognitive' and 'behavioural' habits; whereas the transversal aspects comprised the possibilities of 'social support' and defining categories of 'objectives'. CONCLUSION: The implementation of intervention programmes that combine dietary and hygiene-related factors in patients with depression is complex, given the nature of the disorder itself, and its symptoms such as apathy and feelings of guilt or incompetence. Key issues exist for the success of the intervention, such as the simplicity of guidelines, tailoring through motivational interviewing, prolonged and intense monitoring throughout the different stages of the disorder, and the provision of adequate feedback and social support. PC could be an appropriate level in which to implement these interventions.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/dietoterapia , Dieta , Higiene , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Entrevista Motivacional/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Apoio Social , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Urinary system birth defects represent the abnormality most often detected in prenatal studies, accounting for 30% to 50% of all structural anomalies present at birth. The most common disorders are urinary tract dilation, developmental variants, cystic kidney diseases, kidney tumors, and bladder defects. These anomalies can present in isolation or in association with various syndromes. They are normally evaluated with sonography, and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered only in inconclusive cases. In this article, we show the potential of fetal MRI as a technique to complement sonography in the study of fetal urinary system anomalies. We show the additional information that MRI can provide in each entity, especially in the evaluation of kidney function through diffusion-weighted sequences.
Assuntos
Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico por imagem , Feto/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Anormalidades Urogenitais/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistema Urogenital/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-NatalRESUMO
Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. In children, the etiology varies, although it is a paraneoplastic manifestation (mainly of neuroblastoma) in 40% to 80% of cases. Whole-body MRI promises to be a powerful tool in the search for a possible primary tumor in this condition for which the diagnostic algorithm is yet to be established. We present the case of a two-year-old boy with signs of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in whom a retroperitoneal neuroblastoma was detected by whole-body MRI.
Assuntos
Neuroblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem Corporal Total , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Neuroblastoma/complicações , Síndrome de Opsoclonia-Mioclonia/etiologia , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/complicaçõesRESUMO
Floating carotid thrombi are a rare cause of stroke mostly associated with atheromatous plaques, cardiogenic emboli, arterial dissections and systemic diseases related to coagulopathic states or iron deficiency anaemia. We report the cases of two patients with stroke and carotid megabulb or suspended bulb associated with floating thrombus. These findings are rarely described probably related to a form of arterial dysplasia and seem to be responsible of local haemodynamic modifications.
Assuntos
Trombose das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Trombose/patologia , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Aorta/patologia , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Feminino , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parestesia/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia DopplerRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pulsatile tinnitus can be caused by fatal vascular disease. The authors reported a very rare case of pulsatile tinnitus that revealed a sigmoid sinus thrombosis. CASE REPORT: A 43-years-old man was referred to our department for a left pulsatile tinnitus that had lasted for 2 years. The CT angiography and the MRI retrieved a sigmoid sinus thrombosis that was responsible for emissary vein ectasis. The biological check up was normal. The tinnitus disappeared after two months of anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Ten cases of pulsatile tinnitus associated with cerebral venous thrombosis have been published in the literature. In most of cases, pulsatile tinnitus was the only symptom. Few cases of headache, hearing loss and vertigo were described in association with the tinnitus. In 5 cases a cause was retrieved (hemostasis troubles, head injury and dural arteriovenous fistulas). Full recovery can be obtained for nearly all cases as a result of anticoagulation.
Assuntos
Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/diagnóstico , Zumbido/etiologia , Adulto , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Invasive rhinosinusitis, occurring almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients, is defined by the presence of local inflammation with vascular and osseous necrosis with extensive soft tissue extension. Imaging and bacteriological and even histological (mycelial filaments) criteria have been established. Because it can evolve to death in patients with hematological disorders, accurate diagnosis is important but difficult to achieve due to the non-specific nature of signs and symptoms. Imaging plays an important role with CT of the paranasal sinuses and MR imaging of the brain for early diagnosis and treatment in order to improve prognosis. We will present the imaging features of three cases of rhinocerebral infections, with two cases of fungal infection and one case of invasive bacterial sinus infection.
Assuntos
Aspergilose/complicações , Encefalopatias/complicações , Encefalopatias/microbiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Leucemia/complicações , Mucormicose/complicações , Sinusite/complicações , Sinusite/microbiologia , Adulto , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system. The authors reported the clinical presentation and therapeutic procedure of two cases. The physician has to be aware of this diagnosis when a patient is referred for a posttraumatic exophthalmia. The medical behaviour is multidisciplinary (ENT, ophthalmologist, radiologist and neurosurgeon). The imaging of choice is the angiography but angio-MRI and angio-CT can help to confirm the diagnosis. The endovascular embolization is the treatment of choice. It presents an acceptable risk of complication and a low risk of failure. In this paper the authors report 2 posttraumatic CCF cases treated with success by endovascular embolization.
Assuntos
Traumatismos por Explosões , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Exoftalmia/etiologia , Angiografia/métodos , Traumatismos por Explosões/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Explosões/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos por Explosões/terapia , Bombas (Dispositivos Explosivos) , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/diagnóstico , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/etiologia , Fístula Carótido-Cavernosa/terapia , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
In human Toxocara canis infection, an association has been shown between high IgG avidity in the chronic phase and low IgG avidity in recently acquired toxocarosis. The evolution of the antibody response in terms of avidity has been carried out through a T. canis infection in BALB/c mice. Infection with T. canis embryonated eggs (EE) was carried out with single doses (SD) of 6, 12, 50, 100, 200 or 1000 EE/mouse and with multiple doses (MD) of 200 and 1000 EE. Specific antibodies against T. canis (IgM+G, IgG, IgG1 and IgM) were detected by ELISA and Western Blot (WB) techniques in the presence and absence of urea. With the ELISA method, an increase in the avidity index (AI) of around 50% was detected from days 40-80 p.i. to the end of the study, with all the doses studied. The WB method showed the presence of high avidity antibodies bound to 100 kDa and 75 kDa T. canis proteins in all the cases when the IgM+G and the IgG1 antibodies were investigated. Antibodies of variable avidity were observed in those sera that recognized the group of low molecular weight proteins, between 37 kDa and 25 kDa.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/fisiologia , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Toxocara canis/fisiologia , Toxocaríase/imunologia , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
The authors analysed laboratory samples testing positive for rabies virus collected between 2000 and 2005 from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, to assess the spatial and spatio-temporal distribution of the endemic of canine rabies. According to the results of the spatial analysis, canine rabies was not evenly distributed in the city. Significant spatio-temporal clustering of canine rabies cases showed a trend towards clusters with high incidence rates in two particular areas compared with surrounding areas in the city. Benefits obtained from each of the analytical techniques utilised are described and practical difficulties in conducting and interpreting the results are discussed.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Cães , Raiva/epidemiologia , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low adherence to Mediterranean diet are frequent in major depression patients and have been separately related with prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyse their predictive power on major depression outcome, at 6 and 12 months. METHODS: 273 Major depressive patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms and the 14-item Mediterranean diet adherence score. MetS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTS: At the baseline Mediterranean diet adherence was inversely associated with depressive symptoms (p=0.007). Depression response was more likely in those patients with normal weight (p=0.006) and not MetS (p=0.013) but it was not associated with Mediterranean diet adherence (p=0.625). Those patients with MetS and obesity were less likely to improve symptoms of depression than patients with obesity but not MetS. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and MetS, but not low adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline, predicted a poor outcome of depression at 12 months. Our study suggests that MetS is the key factor that impacts negatively in depression prognosis, rather than obesity or diet. If this finding is confirmed, clinicians should be aware about MetS diagnosis and treatment in overweight depressed patients, especially if outcome is not being satisfactory enough.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Dieta Mediterrânea/psicologia , Síndrome Metabólica/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologia , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/dietoterapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Interdisciplinary research made by neuropsychologist, neurologists and radiologists is making possible descriptions of the anatomic bases of memory. The hippocampus is one of the main structures related to memory processing. The aim of the present study was to study the relationship between verbal and visual memory, and the volumetry and relaxometry of the. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 36 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Fist, a neuropsychological assessment of was made the verbal and visual memory. Second, hippocampal structure were studied by magnetic resonance image (hippocampal volumetry and relaxometry). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Reactive gliosis measured by T2 relaxation time predicted poorer visual memory in patients with right or left MTS. These results indicate that structural damage in right hippocampus implies worse performance in visual memory. Moreover, MTS was found to have negative effects on contralateral memory (poorer verbal memory in right MTS, and poorer visual memory in left MTS). These results could be due to memory compensation. Thus, the memory function associated with the sclerotic hippocampus is adopted by the contralateral structure. Therefore, the more damage there is to the latter, the poorer is the memory functioning.
Assuntos
Hipocampo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Memória/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/anatomia & histologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/patologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A number of mechanisms that drive oncogenesis have been deciphered over the last 20 years. The main oncogenic factors in the field of thoracic oncology are mutations of EGFR, KRAS, and EML4-ALK translocation, which are most often reported in adenocarcinomas. However, new molecular targets have been highlighted recently including BRAF mutations, HER2 or PI3K, new translocations such as ROS1 or KIF5B-RET. Molecular abnormalities have also been identified in tumors other than adenocarcinoma (squamous and small cell carcinoma). Therapeutic strategies have been designed to inhibit these signaling pathways including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Some of these molecules are now approved as therapies, others are currently undergoing testing in clinical trials. We here present a review of novel targeted agents for lung cancer.
Assuntos
Drogas em Investigação/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Drogas em Investigação/farmacologia , Genes erbB-2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiologia , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Oncogenes , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/fisiologia , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/fisiologia , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor ErbB-2/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Modifying some lifestyle factors can be useful in depression, at least as an adjuvant treatment. Combining different lifestyle interventions seems to be an adequate strategy to increase their antidepressant efficacy according with preliminary studies, but this issue has not been enough investigated. METHODS: The present study is a randomized, double-blinded, multicentre, two arm-parallel clinical trials, with a 12 month follow-up. The sample consisted of 273 Primary Care patients. Four combined hygienic-dietary written recommendations were given to the patients about diet, exercise, light exposure and sleep hygiene. RESULTS: Both active and control interventions were associated with improvement on BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) scores. However, there were not statistically significant differences (7.0 vs. 7.6; p=0.594). LIMITATIONS: We were unable to monitor whether patients carry out recommendations. Intervention could be too difficult to accomplish for depressed patients without enough support and supervision. CONCLUSIONS: Just giving written lifestyle recommendations are not enough for depressive patients to benefit from them, so perhaps lifestyle change recommendations work or do not work on Depression depending on how they are presented to patients and on monitoring systems of their implementation.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Sono , Luz Solar , Terapia Combinada , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Recent studies have shown that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a regulatory protein for the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. The proto-oncogene c-met encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that binds HGF. To obtain information about their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic tumors, we have examined the expression of HGF and c-met in a large panel of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines encompassing all major hematopoietic cell lineages. HGF and c-met mRNAs were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blotting. The panel of 92 cell lines analyzed comprised seven B-cell precursor, ten B-cell, six plasma cell, 13 T-cell, four natural killer (NK) cell, 16 myelocytic, 12 monocytic, 13 erythroid-megakaryocytic and 11 Hodgkin-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) lines. In total 64 (70%) were RT-PCR-positive for HGF and 43 (47%) for c-met. The highest percentages of expression were found for HGF in the plasma cell (100%), NK (100%) and myeloid (75-92%) cell line categories, whereas c-met was found predominantly in plasma cell (100%) and Hodgkin-ALCL (91%) cell lines. The concomitant expression of HGF and c-met in plasma cell lines (100%) and Hodgkin-ALCL (73%) cell lines should be noted. The high HGF expression in myelocytic-monocytic cell lines (75 and 92%) contrasts with the low c-met expression (18 and 8%) in these cell lineages. In 50 cell lines, mRNA expression of these two genes was also examined at the Northern blot level: 12/50 (24%) and 4/48 (8%) were positive for HGF and c-met mRNA expression, respectively. Of note, three of the four c-met + lines belonged to the category Hodgkin-ALCL; the Hodgkin cell line SUP-HD-1 showed both HGF and c-met mRNA bands suggesting the possibility of an autocrine loop. In conclusion, we detected HGF expression in various types of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines, particularly in plasma cell and myeloid malignancies; c-met expression was found in plasma cell and Hodgkin-ALCL cell lines. Further detailed analysis of the role of this ligand-receptor pair in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic neoplasms is indicated; to this end the HGF + and c-met + cell lines described here represent exquisite model systems.
Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Leucemia/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Humanos , Linfoma/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proto-Oncogene Mas , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several nutrients play a significant role in colorectal cancer development, and fats could be among the most determinant. While several studies have shown that the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic and its main dietary source, fish oil could exert important antineoplastic effects, much less is known about the effects of olive oil and its main fatty acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. The aim of these studies is to assess the role of these nutrients in crucial processes involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS: Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells were supplemented with different fats and their role in apoptosis induction, cell proliferation, and differentiation was studied. COX-2 and Bcl-2 expressions were also assessed. RESULTS: Supplementation with fish oil or olive oil results in an induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation. The latest effect was also induced by oleic and linoleic acid. Fish oil diminishes significantly cell proliferation. Supplementation with fish oil and olive oil results in an early downregulation of COX-2 followed by a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil and olive oil are capable of influencing crucial processes responsible for colorectal cancer development. COX-2 and Bcl-2 may be important mediators of some of these effects.
Assuntos
Células CACO-2/metabolismo , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Células HT29/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/farmacologia , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Genes bcl-2/genética , Humanos , Isoenzimas/genética , Queratina-8 , Queratinas/genética , Proteínas de Membrana , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Azeite de Oliva , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Complexo Sacarase-Isomaltase/genética , Timidina/metabolismoRESUMO
The issue of nutritional support in oncologic patients is reviewed. Special reference is made in relation to patients undergoing bone marrow transplant and their possible digestive tract and nutritional changes induced by the different therapies available in these situations. Nutritional evaluation and caloric and nitrogen requirement calculations have been proposed. Likewise, several possibilities have been considered regarding the route of administration, timing and quality of the nutriments to be administered, both to adult and pediatric patients.