Exercise Training Potentiates The Cardioprotective Effects of Stem Cells Post-infarction.

BACKGROUND: Preconditioning of cell recipients may exert a significant role in attenuating the hostility of the infarction milieu, thereby enhancing the efficacy of cell therapy. This study was conducted to examine whether exercise training potentiates the cardioprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: Four groups of female Fisher-344 rats were studied: Sham; non-trained rats with MI (sMI); non-trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs transplantation (sADSC); trained rats with MI submitted to ADSCs (tADSC). Rats were trained 9 weeks prior to MI and ADSCs transplantation. Echocardiography was applied to assess cardiac function. Myocardial performance was evaluated in vitro. Protein expression analyses were carried out by immunoblotting. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to analyse capillary density and apoptosis was evaluated with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: Echocardiography performed 4 weeks after the infarction revealed attenuated scar size in the both sADSC and tADSC groups compared to the sMI group. However, fractional shortening was improved only in the tADSC group. In vitro myocardial performance was similar between the tADSC and Sham groups. The expression of phosphoSer473Akt1 and VEGF were found to be higher in the hearts of the tADSC group compared to both the sADSC and sMI groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated that tADSC rats had higher capillary density in the remote and border zones of the infarcted sites compared to the sMI rats. CONCLUSIONS: Preconditioning with exercise induces a pro-angiogenic milieu that may potentiate the therapeutic effects of ADSCs on cardiac remodelling following MI.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on oxidative stress markers of gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise.

This study aimed to determine whether photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in diabetic rats subjected to high-intensity exercise interferes with the expression of the oxidative stress marker in the gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were included in this study comprising 16 diabetic and eight control rats. The animals were allocated into three groups-control, diabetic fatigue, and diabetic PBMT fatigue groups. Diabetes was induced via the intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). We subsequently assessed blood lactate levels and PBMT. The animals of the diabetic fatigue group PBMT were irradiated before the beginning of the exercises, with dose of 4 J and 808 nm, were submitted to treadmill running with speed and gradual slope until exhaustion, as observed by the maximum volume of oxygen and lactate level. The animals were euthanized and muscle tissue was removed for analysis of SOD markers, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) reactive substances. CAT, SOD, and GPx activities were significantly higher in the diabetic PBMT fatigue group (p < 0.05) than in the diabetic fatigue group. Outcomes for the diabetic PBMT fatigue group were similar to those of the control group (p > 0.05), while their antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher than those of the diabetic fatigue group. PBMT mitigated the TBARS concentration (p > 0.05). PBMT may reduce oxidative stress and be an alternative method of maintaining physical fitness when subjects are unable to perform exercise. However, this finding requires further testing in clinical studies.

The effect of low-level laser therapy on oxidative stress and functional fitness in aged rats subjected to swimming: an aerobic exercise.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in conjunction with aerobic training interferes with oxidative stress, thereby influencing the performance of old rats participating in swimming. Thirty Wistar rats (Norvegicus albinus) (24 aged and six young) were tested. The older animals were randomly divided into aged-control, aged-exercise, aged-LLLT, aged-LLLT/exercise, and young-control. Aerobic capacity (VO2max(0.75)) was analyzed before and after the training period. The exercise groups were trained for 6 weeks, and the LLLT was applied at 808 nm and 4 J energy. The rats were euthanized, and muscle tissue was collected to analyze the index of lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. VO2 (0.75)max values in the aged-LLLT/exercise group were significantly higher from those in the baseline older group (p <0.01) and the LLLT and exercise group (p <0.05). The results indicate that the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx were higher and statistically significant (p <0.05) in the LLLT/exercise group than those in the LLLT and exercise groups. Young animals presented lesser and statistically significant activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the aged group. The LLLT/exercise group and the LLLT and exercise group could also mitigate the concentration of TBARS (p > 0.05). Laser therapy in conjunction with aerobic training may reduce oxidative stress, as well as increase VO2 (0.75)max, indicating that an aerobic exercise such as swimming increases speed and improves performance in aged animals treated with LLLT.

The action of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins and on the functional fitness of elderly rats subjected to aerobic training.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT), when used in conjunction with aerobic training, interferes with the expression of inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α, thereby influencing the performance of old rats participating in swimming. A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used for this study: 24 aged rats, and 6 young rats. The older animals were randomly divided into four groups designated as follows: aged-control, aged-exercise, aged-LLLT, aged-LLLT/exercise group, and young-control animals. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) was analyzed before and after training period. The aged-exercise and aged-LLLT/exercise groups were trained for 6 weeks. LLLT laser was applied before each training session with 808 nm and 4 J of energy to the indicated groups throughout training. The rats were euthanized, and muscle tissue and serum were collected for muscle cross-sectional area and IL-6 and TNF-α protein analysis. In VO2 showed statistical difference between young- and aged-control groups (used as baseline) (p < 0.05). The same difference can be observed in the young control group compared with all intervention groups (exercise, LLLT and LLLT + exercise). In comparison with the aged-control group, a difference was observed only for comparison with the exercise group (p < 0.05), and exercise associated with LLLT group (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α for the aged-exercise and the aged-LLLT/exercise groups were significantly decreased compared to the aged-control group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the transverse section of the gastrocnemius muscle showed a significant difference between the aged-exercise and aged-LLLT/exercise groups (p < 0.001). These results suggest that laser therapy in conjunction with aerobic training may provide a therapeutic approach for reducing the inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), however, LLLT without exercise was not able to improve physical performance of aged rats.

Nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children with distinct health habits.

Obesity and sedentarism impact health and quality of life. School is a crucial environment for promoting healthy habits. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze studies on nutritional status and physical activity of school-aged children and adolescents with different lifestyles. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and results we presented according to PICO approach. Databases consulted were "ERIC", "Web of Science", "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Scielo". The search resulted in 14 studies. Boys and girls from Adventist (SDA) schools were lighter than those from public schools. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among them was lower in relation to the general population. The quality of the diet was better in SDA students when compared non-Adventists. Students from SDA schools were less involved in harmful habits to health. Differences in lifestyle among SDA and students from other public and private schools seem to favorably affect their nutritional status. There is no difference in the practice of physical activities, but SDA students spent less hours in sedentary activities. In conclusion, results may assist the planning of interventions aiming at the role of schools in the empowerment of children in promoting their personal health.

Swimming training attenuates the decrease of calcium responsiveness in female infarcted rats.

Aim: To evaluate the influence of swimming training on calcium responsiveness of the myocardium of rats with different infarction sizes (MI). Method: female Wistar rats, sedentary sham (SS = 14), sedentary moderate MI (SMI = 8) and sedentary large MI (SLI = 10) were compared to trained sham (TS = 16), trained moderate MI (TMI = 9) and trained large MI (TLI = 10). After 4 weeks of MI, the animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for additional 8 weeks. Papillary muscles of the left ventricle were subjected to different concentrations of extracellular calcium. Inotropism was evaluated through the developed tension (DT), the maximum positive value of the first temporal derivation (+Td/td) and the time to peak tension (TPT). Lusitropism was evaluated by the maximum negative value of the first temporal derivation (-Td/td) and time to 50% relaxation (50%TR). Statistical significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance and a Hotelling T2 test for the absolute power values of all four extracellular calcium concentrations (p < 0.05). Results: MI depressed inotropism (from 17% to 51%) and lusitropism (from 22% to 54%) of the sedentary rats, but exercise attenuated the losses, especially regarding + dT/dt, TPT, -dT/dt and 50%TR. Exercise attenuated the decrease in myocardial responsiveness, proportionally to the size of the MI. Conclusion: Myocardial calcium responsiveness is favorably affected in animals with moderate and large MI after swimming exercise.

Physical exercise attenuates stress-induced hypertension in rats but not the impairments on the myocardial mechanics.

BACKGROUND: Acute and chronic stresses have become a health problem in the contemporary society, and prolonged exposure to stressful events are related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective nonpharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases and stress-induced injuries. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of exercise on the cardiac remodelling of chronically stressed rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wistar adult rats were used (n = 10 each group) and chronic stress protocol consisted of restricting movement in individual rodent restrainers (60 min, 5 days/week, 12 weeks); and exercise consisted of swimming sessions in a pool (60 min, 5 days/week, 12 weeks). During protocol, blood pressure was measured in conscious rats, and at the end cardiac morphology/function was assessed. Animals exposed to stress exhibited continuous rise in blood pressure from the sixth week, but exercise attenuated it. Similarly, restrained rats increased serum corticosterone compared with nonstressed rats, but exercise also prevented it. No changes were found in cardiac mass, but chronic stress not only impaired the steady state contractions of the cardiac muscle, but also reduced inotropic responses to stretching, increasing calcium and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Despite this, exercise was unable to prevent these functional impairments induced by stress, and instead, the association of stress and physical exercise worsened myocardial compliance. CONCLUSION: Despite the known benefits to the cardiovascular system, our results indicate that aerobic swimming exercise for 12 weeks reduced blood pressure but did not impede the chronic stress-induced myocardial damages in rats.

Lifestyle and Pain in Women With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main cause of pain and disability in the elderly. The disease leads to chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by an abnormal excitability of pain conduction pathways, and lifestyle may interfere in this pathophysiological aspect. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare perceived pain, pressure pain threshold, and lifestyle of adult and elderly women with and without knee OA. A total of 143 women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: OA (n = 68) and control (n = 75). Volunteers were evaluated for pressure pain tolerance (algometry in vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles), perceived pain (visual analogue scale) and lifestyle (FANTASTIC questionnaire). Patients with OA of the present study presented higher weight (P = .001) and body mass index (P < .001) than controls. Results also revealed less tolerance to pressure pain (P < .001) and higher pain perception (P < .001) in patients with OA. OA group scored significantly lower in lifestyle questionnaire than controls (P = .03). Patients with OA in the present study who presented lifestyle scores below median presented significantly higher values of pain perception than the ones above it (P = .03). In conclusion, patients with OA present more sensitivity to pain, more perceived pain, and worse lifestyle than healthy individuals.

Swimming Training Improves Myocardial Mechanics, Prevents Fibrosis, and Alters Expression of Ca2+ Handling Proteins in Older Rats.

Exercise training effects on the contractility of aged myocardium have been investigated for more than 20 years, but the data are still unclear. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a swimming training (ST) may improve myocardial inotropism in older rats. Male Wistar rats aged 4 (young)-and 21 (old)-months-old were divided into young untrained (YNT), old untrained (ONT), and old trained (OTR; 6 weeks of ST) groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic were employed to assess left ventricular morphology and function. Myocardial mechanics was evaluated on papillary muscles. Histological and immunoblotting were carried out to evaluate fibrosis and proteins that modulate the myocardial function and calcium handling. We found that older rats did not show cardiac dysfunction, but ONT group showed lower physical performance during a swimming test (YNT: 5 ± 2; ONT: -16 ± 0.4; OTR: 51 ± 3; Δ%, sec). Moreover, ONT group showed worse myocardial inotropism, in which it was reversed by ST (Peak developed tension: YNT: 6.2 ± 0.7; ONT: 3.9 ± 0.3; OTR: 6.9 ± 0.9; g/mm2). The ST was associated with preserved collagen content (YNT: 0.38 ± 0.05; ONT: 0.78 ± 0.12; OTR: 0.34 ± 0.09; %). Exercise partially mitigated the effects of aging on intracellular Ca2+-regulating protein (eg, L-Ca2+ channel and phospholamban) and ß-isoform of myosin. Thus, we propose that these molecular alterations together with inhibition of collagen increase contribute to improved myocardial performance in older rats.

Isokinetic torque peak and hamstrings/quadriceps ratios in endurance athletes with anterior cruciate ligament laxity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate torque and the hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee of athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament laxity. METHODS: Twenty-eight male athletes, 19 without anterior cruciate ligament laxity and 9 with anterior cruciate ligament laxity, were evaluated with an isokinetic machine model Cybex 770. The peak torque of quadriceps and hamstrings was compared, and the hamstring/quadriceps ratio on the constant angular speed of 60 masculine per second were also compared. RESULTS: In athletes with anterior cruciate ligament laxity, the peak torque values (right and left knees) of flexors (120 +/- 15 and 116 +/- 15 Nm) and of extensors (218 +/- 36 Nm and 207 +/- 26 Nm) were not different than those of athletes without laxity (109 +/- 21 Nm and 111 +/- 22 Nm; 191 +/- 5 Nm and 188 +/- 35 Nm). The hamstring/quadriceps ratio of athletes with laxity (right: 57 +/- 6% and left: 56 +/- 8%) did not differ from those without anterior cruciate ligament laxity (right: 58 +/- 9% and left: 58 +/- 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior cruciate ligament laxity of long distances running athletes did not significantly alter the peak torque of flexors and of extensors or the hamstring/quadriceps ratio.

The influence of physical fitness on pressure pain threshold of elderly women.

Several factors may influence pressure pain threshold (PPT), including physical fitness. However, only a few authors have studied this relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between muscle strength, functional capacity (ability to perform physical work and activities of daily living) and PPT in elderly women. This observational cross-sectional study involved 75 healthy women aged between 60 and 75 years. Volunteers underwent an evaluation consisting of anthropometry, functional capacity, muscle strength and PPT assessment by algometry in the following muscles: biceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and gluteus maximus. Mean age of the 75 volunteers was 66.8 ± 4.6 years old. No significant correlations were found between handgrip or elbow flexion strength and PPT in the upper limb muscles evaluated. The same was observed regarding functional capacity, lower limbs strength and PPT in lower limb muscles. Functional capacity and muscle strength did not correlate with PPT in healthy elderly women.

Aerobic and resistance exercise in systemic sclerosis: State of the art.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc. RESULTS: Most studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre-post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate-load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.

Evaluation of body temperature in individuals with stroke.

BACKGROUND: A stroke can cause alterations in thermal sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: to verify the conditions of body temperature in hemiplegic patients after stroke as compared to healthy individuals, as well as establish relations between thermal sensitivity and gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), plegic side, time after stroke, reports of thermal alterations and the motricity of patients with stroke sequelae. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients (55.6±13 years) with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke sequelae with unilateral hemiparesis and thirty healthy subjects (55±12.9 years). Individuals with nervous peripheral lesions, diabetes, peripheral vascular diseases or tumors were not included in this study. The volunteers underwent axillary temperature evaluations with the use of a cutaneous thermometer and evaluations of cutaneous temperature of hands and feet as measured by infrared thermography captured by an infrared sensor (ThermaCAMTM SC 500-FLIR Systems). The mean temperature (°C) was analyzed with the SigmaStat 3.5 statistical package. RESULTS: The results have shown that healthy individuals have similar temperatures on either side of the body. The hemiplegic subjects presented a lower temperature on the plegic side and compared to the healthy subjects, both feet of the hemiparetic individuals were colder. The results have also shown that age, body mass index, and the time after stroke have no influence on the alterations in temperature. Regarding the paretic side, individuals with hemiplegia on the right side (right foot) had a lower temperature than those affected on the left side. Motricity was not related to any difference in temperature between the limbs and the reports of temperature differences had no relation with the actual differences found in the study. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy individuals have temperature symmetry between between sides of the body, while individuals with stroke sequelae present lower temperature in the paretic side, especially on their feet.

[Swim training attenuates myocardial remodeling and the pulmonary congestion in wistar rats with secondary heart failure to myocardial infarction]. / O Treinamento físico por natação atenua o remodelamento miocárdico e congestão pulmonar em ratas wistar com insuficiência cardíaca secundária a infarto do miocárdio.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of swimming on pulmonary water content in animals with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: After coronary occlusion, MI size 20% 40% of the LV large. The animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The wet weight of lung, liver, atriums, LV and right ventricle (RV) as well as the dry weight of the liver and lung were determined. ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: An increase in the atrium/body weight ratio was noted in the sedentary animals with moderate (MImod-SED: n=8) and large (MIlg-SED: n=10) infarctions in comparison to the sedentary control (C-SED: n=14) and trained (C-TR: n=16) rats. An increase in the RV/body weight and LV/body weight ratios was noted in the MIlg-SED. The heart/body weight ratio was higher in MIlg-SED when compared to the other groups. The infarcted trained animals presented diminished hypertrophy. The pulmonary water content was higher in MIlg-SED animals (81+/-0.4%) than in C-SED animals (79+/-0.4%). No differences were found for the other comparisons (C-TR: 79+/-0.4%; MImod-SED: 80+/-0.3%; MImod-TR: 80+/-0.6%; MIlg-TR: 79+/-0.7%). CONCLUSION: The increase of cardiac mass and pulmonary water content presented by MIlg-SED was diminished in the trained animals. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise can diminish HF and contribute to favorable cardiac remodeling.

Estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e qualidade de vida de merendeiras / Nutritional status, food intake and quality of life of school cooks

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar as características sociodemográficas, o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade de vida de merendeiras Carapicuíba (SP). Estudo transversal, com aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida e consumo alimentar. A idade média foi 53,97 anos, a maioria com companheiro e pertencente à classe socioeconômica C. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi de 30,85 kg/m2, com 82,4% de excesso de peso e 45,5% de obesidade. A média da circunferência da cintura foi 94,5cm, indicando risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida da maioria classificou-se em "atenção", 50,0% apresentou qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa e 45,6% regular. As merendeiras apresentam excesso de peso, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida que requerem atenção e qualidade de vida geral variando entre regular, boa e muito boa.

To relate the sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, food intake and quality of life of school cooks in Carapicuíba, state of São Paulo. Cross-sectional study, measuring weight, height and waist circumference and questionnaires on sociodemographic aspects, quality of life and food intake. The average age was 53.97 years, most with a partner and belonging to socioeconomic class C. The average Body Mass Index was 30.85 kg/m2, with 82.4% overweight and 45.5% obesity. The average waist circumference was 94.5cm, indicating a substantially increased risk for metabolic disease. Food intake and other lifestyle habits were classified as "attention", 50.0% had good and very good overall quality of life, and 45.6% regular. School cooks have overweight, food intake and other lifestyle habits that require attention and overall quality of life ranging from regular, good and very good.

Associação entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade / Association between handgrip strength, body composition and nutritional status of community dwelling elderly

Introdução: são escassos os estudos a respeito das relações entre força muscular, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos. Objetivo: avaliar as relações entre força de preensão manual, composição corporal e estado nutricional de idosos da comunidade. Métodos: setenta e nove idosos sedentários de ambos os sexos, frequentadores do Centro de Convivência do Idoso em Embu-Guaçu/SP, participaram deste estudo transversal quantitativo. Eles foram submetidos à avaliação de força de preensão manual por dinamometria, de composição corporal por bioimpedância tetrapolar, e do estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal e pela Mini Avaliação Nutricional reduzida. Resultados: a preensão manual direta foi considerada adequada em 65,8% da amostra. A maior parte dos idosos apresentava excesso de peso (60,3%) e de adiposidade (76,9% dos homens e 85,9% das mulheres), e 53,8% dos homens apresentavam sarcopenia grau I vs. 27,7% das mulheres. Um terço da amostra (34,2%) apresentava risco de desnutrição. O valor energético médio consumido pela amostra foi significantemente mais alto entre os homens (p=0,005), que também apresentaram menor ingestão percentual de carboidratos (p=0,03), e maior ingestão de proteínas (p<0,0001) e lipídeos (p=0,01) do que as mulheres. A força de preensão manual direita esteve moderadamente associada à massa magra (r=0,54 e p<0,001) e fracamente associada ao consumo de proteínas (r=0,330 e p=0,01). Conclusão: houve associação entre força de preensão manual, massa magra e consumo de proteínas, porém não foram encontradas associações entre a força e o escore da avaliação nutricional ou o índice de massa corporal.(AU)

Introduction: studies on the relationships between muscle strength, body composition, and nutritional status of the elderly are still scarce. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between manual grip strength, body composition, and nutritional status of community-dwelling elderly. Methods: seventy-nine sedentary elderly men and women from the Center for the Elderly in Embu-Guaçu/SP participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. Participants were submitted to handgrip strength evaluation by dynamometry, body composition by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance, and nutritional status by the body mass index and reduced Mini Nutritional Assessment. Results: right-hand grip strength was considered adequate in 65.8% of the sample. Most elderly presented excessive body weight (60,3%) and adiposity (76,9% of men e 85,9% of women). 53.8% of men presented with stage I sarcopenia vs. 27.7% of women. One-third (34.2%) of the elderly presented risk of malnutrition. The mean energy consumed by the sample was significantly higher among males (p=0.005), who also presented lower percentage of carbohydrate intake (p=0.03) and higher intake of proteins (p<0.0001) and lipids (p=0.01) than women. Right-hand grip strength was moderately associated with lean mass (r=0.54 and p<0.001) and weakly associated protein consumption (r=0.330 and p=0.01). Conclusion: there was an association between handgrip strength, lean mass, and protein intake, however, no asso -ciations were found between strength and nutritional assessment scores or body mass index.(AU)

Prevalência, tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial com método diferenciado de busca ativa / Prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension with a differential method of active search

Resumo Introdução A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) atinge cerca de 30% da população adulta, sendo o maior fator de risco para lesões cardíacas e cerebrovasculares, e a terceira causa de invalidez. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de indivíduos com HAS e os níveis de conhecimento, tratamento e controle da doença, por meio de um método diferenciado de busca ativa. Método Realizou-se estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostra representativa composta por 409 indivíduos adultos, na área de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família, na periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. As visitas domiciliares compreenderam medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial (PA), além da aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados A prevalência de HAS na população foi de 42,5%. A maior parte dos indivíduos hipertensos (94%) tinha conhecimento da doença, 95% deles faziam tratamento e 48% apresentavam PA controlada. Foram identificados 45 novos casos de HAS, desses, 77% foram encontrados em horário diferenciado (domingos das 10 às 16h), representando 27% dos hipertensos. Conclusão O método diferenciado mostrou-se eficiente como estratégia de busca ativa para novos casos de HAS em locais onde ainda existe aparente subnotificação.

Abstract Background Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) affects more than 30% of the adult population and is a major risk factor for heart and cerebrovascular injuries, and the third cause of disability. Objective To determine the prevalence of individuals with hypertension and levels of awareness, treatment, and control of the disease, through a differential method of active search. Method A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with a representative sample of 409 adult individuals, in the area covered by a Basic Health Unit with Family Health Strategy, in the suburb of the southern area of São Paulo. Home visits included anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measures, and the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results The prevalence of SAH was 42,5%. Most of the hypertensive individuals (94%) were aware of the disease, 95% of them were treated and 48% had the BP under control. Forty-five new cases of hypertension were identified, of which 77% were found in the differential schedule (Sundays from 10 am to 4 pm), representing 27% of hypertensive patients. Conclusion The differential method proved to be efficient as an active search strategy for new cases of hypertension in places where there is an apparent underreporting of this disease.

Air stacking: effects on pulmonary function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy and in patients with congenital muscular dystrophy.

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory complications are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects that routine daily home air-stacking maneuvers have on pulmonary function in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and in patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), as well as to identify associations between spinal deformities and the effects of the maneuvers. METHODS: Eighteen NMD patients (ten with CMD and eight with SMA) were submitted to routine daily air-stacking maneuvers at home with manual resuscitators for four to six months, undergoing pulmonary function tests before and after that period. The pulmonary function tests included measurements of FVC; PEF; maximum insufflation capacity (MIC); and assisted and unassisted peak cough flow (APCF and UPCF, respectively) with insufflations. RESULTS: After the use of home air-stacking maneuvers, there were improvements in the APCF and UPCF. In the patients without scoliosis, there was also a significant increase in FVC. When comparing patients with and without scoliosis, the increases in APCF and UPCF were more pronounced in those without scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS: Routine daily air-stacking maneuvers with a manual resuscitator appear to increase UPCF and APCF in patients with NMD, especially in those without scoliosis.

Influência da hidroginástica sobre aspectos hemodinâmicos / Influence of shallow water exercises on hemodynamic aspects

As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo, e a hipertensão arterial é a mais prevalente entre elas. A atividade física é um importante componente de um estilo de vida saudável, com evidências de que o exercício realizado em meio aquático reduz a pressão arterial (PA), embora ainda não haja consenso. Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da hidroginástica sobre a PA de normotensos (CON) e hipertensos (HIP). Métodos: 84 adultos e idosos foram convidados a participar de um programa de hidroginástica, 2 vezes/semana, 50 minutos/sessão, por 16 semanas. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: HIP (n = 30) e CON (n = 54) e submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, hemodinâmica e de capacidade física. Resultados: CON e HIP não diferiram, inicialmente, quanto à antropometria, entretanto, os HIP exibiam maior proporção de internações (30% versus 5%), dores (42% versus 21%) e formigamentos (28% versus 10%) nos membros inferiores. Após o programa de hidroginástica, ambos os grupos aumentaram o VO2 máximo (CON: 12,4 para 13,0 ml/kg/min e HIP: 12,4 para 13,2 ml/kg/min), associados a significativas reduções da PA sistólica (deitados: 7,6 e 12,9 mmHg e sentados: 6,8 e 12,0 mmHg) e diastólica (deitados: 2,2 e 4,8 mmHg e sentados: 3,9 e 5,6 mmHg) de repouso. A PAS de exercício dos HIP foi reduzida em 10 mmHg e a FC de CON e HIP sofreu significativa redução de 6 e 9 bpm, respectivamente. A saturação sanguínea de oxigênio não mudou com o programa de hidroginástica. Conclusão: a hidroginástica reduziu a PA sistólica e diastólica de indivíduos HIP e aumentou a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. (AU)

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and hypertension is the most prevalent one. Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle, and there are evidences that aquatic exercise can reduce arterial blood pressure, although there are still some controversies in the literature. Objective: To assess the impact of shallow water exercise on arterial blood pressure of normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods: 84 adults and elderly individuals were invited to take part in a 16-week, twice-weekly shallow water exercise program. Participants were divided into two groups: hypertensive (HIP, n = 30) and normotensive (CON, n = 54) and underwent anthropometric, hemodynamics and physical capacity assessment. Results: CON and HIP were not different regarding anthropometry before the beginning of the program, however, HIP exhibited a higher proportion of hospitalization (30% vs 5%), pain (42% vs 21%) and tingling in the lower limbs (28% vs 10%). After the shallow water exercise program, CON (12,4 to 13,0 ml/kg/min) and HIP (12,4 to 13,2 ml/kg/min) increased maximal VO2 , and a significant reduction in systolic (lying: 7,6 and 12,9 mmHg and sitting: 6,8 and 12,0 mmHg) and diastolic (lying: 2,2 and 4,8 mmHg and sitting: 3,9 and 5,6 mmHg) blood pressure was observed. The exercise systolic blood pressure of the HIP was reduced in 10 mmHg and the heart rate in 6 bpm (CON) and 9 bpm (HIP). No alterations in peripheral oxygen saturation were observed after the intervention. Conclusion: Shallow water exercise reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure of hypertensive individuals, and increased cardiorespiratory fitness. (AU)

Qualidade de vida e avaliação antropométrica de professores de uma rede privada de ensino / Quality of life and nutritional status of teachers a private network of education

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida (QV) e parâmetros antropométricos e de docência, de professores de uma rede privada de ensino de São Paulo. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal descritivo com 107 professores, utilizando-se dois questionários autoaplicáveis, abordando aspectos sociodemográficos, variáveis da docência e de QV (World Health Organization Quality on Life Bref - WHOQOL-bref). Após o preenchimento, os sujeitos foram submetidos às medidas de peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Resultados: Os professores tinham idade média de 38,2 8,6 anos, 78,5% do sexo feminino, 78,5% casados, 74,8% pertencente à classe B. Todos os professores possuíam ensino superior completo, 64,5% até 10 anos de atuação, 88,8% trabalhavam mais de 20h/semana, 44,9% atuavam em dois turnos ou mais, 55,1% encontravam-se com excesso de peso, 71,1% em risco para doença metabólica e 84,1% consideravam sua QV boa ou muito boa. Nenhuma das variáveis antropométricas, de tempo de docência, de carga horária e da classe econômica, correlacionarem-se significantemente à QV. Correlações fracas, mas significantes, foram observadas entre o tempo de docência e IMC e CC (r=0,26 e r=-0,22, p<0,05). Contudo, verificou-se significante associação (p<0,05) da QV (<71pontos: 35,67,9anos vs. 71pontos: 40,09,0anos) com a idade, do IMC (<25kg/m2: 59,07,4kg vs. 25kg/m2: 80,315,0kg) com o peso e a circunferência da cintura (<25kg/m2: 80,66,9cm vs. 25kg/m2: 95,910,5cm). Conclusão: Embora a percepção da QV seja satisfatória, ela não se relacionou às variáveis antropométricas, sociodemográficas e de docência. Porém, o tempo de docência relacionou-se significantemente ao IMC e à CC.

Objective: To evaluate the association between quality of life (QL) and anthropometric and teaching parameters of teachers of a private teaching system in Sao Paulo. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 teachers, using two self-administered questionnaires, addressing sociodemographic aspects, teaching variables and QL (World Health Organization Quality on Life Bref - WHOQOL-bref). After filling, the subjects were submitted to measures of weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Results: Teachers had a mean age of 38.28.6 years, 78.5% female, 78.5% married, 74.8% class B. All teachers had completed tertiary education, 64.5 % up to 10 years of work, 88.8% worked more than 20 hours per week, 44.9% worked in two shifts or more, 55.1% were overweight, 71.1% were at risk for metabolic disease And 84.1% considered their QL good or very good. None of the anthropometric variables, teaching time, workload and economy class were significantly correlated with QL. Weak but significant correlations were observed between teaching time and BMI and CC (r=0.26 and r=-0.22, p<0.05). However, there was a significant (p<0.05) association of QL (<71points: 35.67.9 years vs. 71 points: 40.09.0 years) with age, BMI <25kg/m2: 59.07.4kg vs. 25kg / m2: 80.315.0kg) with waist circumference and weight (<25kg / m2: 80.66.9cm vs. 25kg / M2: 95.910.5cm). Conclusion: The overall perception of the quality of life of most teachers studied was assessed as satisfactory anthropometric characteristics point to excess weight and risk of metabolic disease.