[Association patterns of risk factors or cardiovascular disease, in a high risk Spanish population of 2,264 patients]. / Perfiles de asociación de factores de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular en población española de alto riesgo de 2.264 pacientes.

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION, BASES AND AIMS: The aim of this study is to present the different association patterns between cardiovascular disease risk factors and target organs lesion due to arterial hypertension (AH), and to establish the possible differences by gender and age, and compare our findings with the existing references in the medical literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nationwide croo-sectional study with 2264 consecutive patients in the Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine 18 years of age or older and with high cardiovascular risk taken from the CIFARC (Integral Control of High Risk Cardiovascular Factors) study run by the SEMI (Spanish Internal Medicine Association) cardiovascular Risk Group. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We have obtained statistically significant correlations between: Raised levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and smoking habit. LDL cholesterol with Family History of early cardiovascular events (hereinafter FH) and ischemic cardiopathy. Low HDL cholesterol with FH. Smoking habit with FH. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with raised levels of proteinuria and creatinine, atheromatosis, retinopathy I-II, ischemic cardiopathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Ischemic cardiopathy with LVH, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and age. Proteinuria with raised levels of creatinine, atheromatosis, retinopathy I-II, nephropathy and severe retinopathy. Retinopathy I-II with raised levels of creatinine, atheromatosis, nephropathy, PVD and severe retinopathy. Raised levels of creatinine with reduced levels of HDL cholesterol, proteinuria, atheromatosis, retinopathy I-II, nephropathy and PVD. FH inversely with age: patients with FH consult a doctor an average of three years earlier than patients who do not experience FH. Atheromatosis with LVH, raised levels of proteinuria and creatinine, retinopathy I-II, cerebrovascular disease, nephropathy, PVD and age. PVD with raised levels of creatinine, atheromatosis, retinopathy I-II, and ischemic cardiopathy. Cerebrovascular disease with atheromatosis, age and weight. Severe retinopathy with proteinuria, nephropathy, and retinopathy I-II. Diabetic nephropathy with raised levels of proteinuria and creatinine, atheromatosis, retinopathy I-II, ischemic cardiopathy, and severe retinopathy. Age with raised creatinine, atheromatosis, ischemic cardiopathy, and cerebrovascular disease. With respect to gender, we found differences in most of the studied variables. CONCLUSIONS: There exist different association patterns between the studied variables.

[Differences in variables representative of cardiovascular disease or repercussion between subjects with high cardiovascular risk with and without any family history of early cardiovascular events]. / Diferencias en variables representativas de enfermedad o repercusión cardiovascular entre sujetos de alto riesgo cardiovascular con y sin antecedentes familiares de eventos cardiovasculares precoces.

UNLABELLED: INTRODUCTION, BASES AND AIMS: Study the possible associations between any family history of early heart disease and variables expressive of heart disease, lesion or repercussion in subjects of high cardiovascular risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nationwide cross-sectional study with 2264 consecutive patients in the Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine 18 years of age or older and with high or extremely high cardiovascular risk taken from the CIFARC (Integral Control of High Risk Cardiovascular Factors) study run by the SEMI (Spanish Internal Medicine Association) cardiovascular Risk Group. We have studied the relationship between the presence or lack of same in family histories of early heart disease (AFP-Family History of early heart disease, hereafter FH) and different variables in the factors concerning cardiovascular risk and target organ lesion. The statistical treatment (Chi-2, ANOVA and Pearson s linear regression) was performed using the STATISTIX programme. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We observed a significative increase (p<0.05) in the group with FH with a percentage of the following variables: Total cholesterol>250 mg/dl, HDL<40 mg/dl, LDL>130 mg/dl, LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy), creatinine 1.2-2mg/dl, retinopathy I-II, serious retinopathy, smoking, proteinuria>300 mg/dl, kidney insufficiency and peripheral vascular disease. This significative increase in the variables under study appeared in males of over 55 years of age and in females of over 65 years of age; nevertheless, this increase in the incidence rate is becoming more common as of age 50 in males, with a maximum in both sexes after the age of 70. No significative differences were noted with regard to sex, BMI (Body Mass Index), atheromatosis, ischemic cardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease. On the whole, subjects of both sexes of the FH group have come to the clinic 3 years earlier than those of the group without FH. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with FH show a greater incidence of certain factors concerning heart risk and target organ lesion.

[Cerebellar syndrome as first manifestation of late onset systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Síndrome cerebeloso como primera manifestación de un lupus eritematoso sistémico de inicio tardío.

Clinical characteristics of a 70-year-old women affected by an erythematous systemic lupus (ESL) of late onset, whose first main manifestation was the compromise of the central nervous system as cerebellar syndrome and which exhibited a good response to treatment, is described. Pathogenic and diagnostic aspects of the neurological manifestations of ESL are described.