Association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with infant growth in the first 36 months of life.

To investigate the association of chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia diseases with infant growth in the first 36 months of life, we conducted a retrospective birth cohort of 31,734 children born in Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital between January 2001 and May 2018. Birthweight, gestational age, and infant growth (weight, height, weight/height-for-age Z score, the weight gain during childhood) were the main outcomes. The associations of chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia diseases with birth outcomes and infant growth at children's age of 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were analyzed by multivariable regression models. Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia diseases, and chronic hypertension were significantly associated with lower birthweight and shorter gestational age. Both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diseases were respectively inversely associated with weight, weight-for-age Z score, height, and height-for-age Z score of children in the whole sample and sub-sample data analysis from birth to the age of 36 months, although correction for birthweight rendered the associations nonsignificant. No significant association of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia diseases, and chronic hypertension with weight gain was found. Conclusion: The inverse associations of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diseases with infant growth in early childhood were mainly mediated by the effect of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diseases on lower birthweight. What is Known: • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. What is New: • Both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia were respectively inversely associated with physical development of offspring from birth to the age of 36 months. • Lower birthweight might be the mediator of the inverse associations of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia diseases with infant growth in early childhood.

Association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with birth weight and fetal growth in a large community-based population.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) with fetal birthweight and offspring developmental growth was unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the respective effect of 1 kg of GWG during three trimesters on birthweight and offspring growth from birth to 3 years of age. METHODS: We extracted the decoded information from the Maternal and Child Health Information Management System of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Zhejiang, China from October 2001 to March 2015, and used multiple linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: This study included 20,232 women with a full-term singleton birth and 15,557 newborns who took regular health check-ups. Compared to that in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, 1 kg GWG increasing in the 1st trimester had the strongest positive association with higher birthweight, body weight, and height from 1 to 36 months. Their associations with BMI after birth were similar among the three trimesters. In addition, some positive dose-response effects found between quartiles of GWG in the 1st trimester and offspring body weight, as well as BMI. The 1 kg GWG in 1st trimester played the strongest role in contributing to birth weight and benefiting to body growth among children aged up to 3 years. CONCLUSION: The 1 kg GWG in 1st trimester contributed more to birth weight and body development from birth to 3 years compared to the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The possible beneficial effects of GWG in the 1st trimester on birthweight and offspring development in under/normal weight mothers are found.

Sleep was associated with depression and anxiety status during pregnancy: a prospective longitudinal study.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of sleep with depression and anxiety among Chinese pregnant women. Pregnant women were recruited in Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort at Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital from 2011 to 2015. Self-rating depression scales (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scales (SAS) were used for evaluating depression and anxiety status at each trimester; corresponding sleep quality and duration were reported by pregnant women. Ordinary or multilevel linear and logistic regression model were used to estimate the cross-sectional or longitudinal association of sleep with depression and anxiety. The prevalence rates were 35.64, 24.23, and 26.24% for depression and 22.57, 17.41, and 21.04% for anxiety at 1st (T1), 2nd (T2), and 3rd trimester (T3), respectively. Controlling for potential confounders, it revealed significant cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sleep with depression and anxiety status. In cross-sectional analysis, women who slept less than 8 h/day had higher risk of depression (T1: OR (95%CI) = 1.75 (1.39, 2.20); T2: 1.52 (1.26, 2.05); T3: 1.60 (1.18, 2.05)) and anxiety (T1: 2.00 (1.57, 2.55); T2: 1.86 (1.37, 2.54); T3: 1.33 (0.99, 1.79)). In the longitudinal analysis, multilevel model revealed that women with subjective "fair" or "bad" sleep quality had elevated risk of depression (OR ranging from 1.54 to 3.71) and anxiety (2.38 to 7.53) during pregnancy. Prenatal depression and anxiety status were prevalent in pregnant women. Sleep quality was associated with depression and anxiety status in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, implying that improving sleep quality should benefit for mental health of pregnant women.