[Analysis of diet structure of Kashin-beck disease area in Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet in 2021].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the dietary structure between healthy people and patients in KBD area of Chamdo-Lhorong of Tibet. METHODS: A case-control study design was used, retrospectively select patients who had completed screening and registered in the national Kashin-Beck Disease surveillance system in 2021 in Luolong County, Qamdo, Tibet as the source population of the case group, and randomly selected people who had not been screened for Kashin-Beck disease in the same county as the control group. The self-made diet questionnaire was used to record the types of food consumption, frequency of food intake, basic information of the respondents, family size and other basic information in the past year by one-on-one interview. RESULTS: The staple food with the highest response among the patients(97.33%) was rice(rice/rice noodle), and the highest response among the healthy people(90%) was non-wheat products, non-fried pasta(bread/steamed bun/noodles/dumplings), except instant noodles.78.7% of patients chose not to eat local wheat(Tibetan noodles), and the number of non-patients who chose to eat non-local wheat(Tibetan noodles) 3-4 times a week was significantly higher than that of patients. The meat and meat products with the highest response in both patients(93.33%) and healthy people(90%) was yak meat(local). The control group also chose to consume beef(non-local/lamb/mutton/other non-processed meat), poultry and livestock offal, fish(all seawater and freshwater fish), shrimp and crabs or other seafood, and their consumption rate and intake frequency were significantly higher than those of the case group. The consumption rate and frequency of tomato, onion and garlic(garlic shoots/leek/onion/onion) and fresh eggs(egg/duck egg/quail egg/goose egg) in control group were significantly higher than those in case group. There was no significant difference in consumption rate and frequency of fruits, milk and dairy products between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In addition to the local highland barley(zanba), most people also chose to purchase rice and flour, which changed the situation of single staple food in the past. However, compared with the healthy population in the disease area, the consumption rate and intake frequency of fish, shrimp and crabs, poultry and livestock viscera, eggs(fresh eggs) and vegetables(tomatoes, scallions, ginger and garlic) in KBD patients were significantly lower, the selection of meat varieties is single, mainly local yak meat, and the overall dietary structure still presents the risk of single type and unbalanced diet.

Prevalence of T-2 Toxin in the Food and Beverages of Residents Living in a Kashin-Beck-Disease Area of Qamdo, Tibet.

It has been strongly suggested that selenium deficiency and T-2 toxin contamination have a strong relationship with the occurrence and development of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). In order to provide information for understanding the high prevalence of KBD in Tibet, this study collected the responses to a cubital venous blood and dietary questionnaire of 125 subjects including 75 KBD patients and 50 healthy controls in a KBD-prevalent county (Luolong County) in Tibet, China. A total of 10 household local families were randomly selected in this area, and local diet samples of brick tea, Zanba powder, milk residue, and hulless Barley were collected from these residents. Selenium content in blood was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The T-2 toxin contamination level in food sample was assayed using an ELISA kit. The selenium levels of patients and controls were 42.0 ± 19.8 and 56.06 ± 22.4 µg/L, respectively. The serum selenium level in controls was higher than that in patients, but there was no significant difference, and the serum selenium level both in patients and controls in Tibet was lower than the normal range. The results of the dietary survey showed that the number of respondents who consumed butter tea was large; 46.67% of patients indicated that they drank buttered tea every day, which was significantly higher than in controls. The contents of T-2 toxin in Zanba powder, milk residue, hulless barley and drinking water samples were below the detection limit (0.05 µg/kg); this result was labeled Tr. Unexpectedly, the contents of T-2 toxin in brick tea were higher, with average levels of 424 ± 56 µg/kg in Detong village and 396 ± 24 µg/kg in Langcuo village. For the first time, we report the presence of an extremely high concentration of T-2 toxin in brick tea of Tibet.

Lactones from Angiopteris caudatiformis.

Angiopterlactones A (1) and B (2), two unique lactones, and three known lactones, osmundalactone (3), osmundalin (4), and 3,5-dihydroxy-gamma-caprolactone (5), have been isolated from the rhizome of Angiopteris caudatiformis. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by NMR and MS methods, and the structure of 2 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by application of the CD excitation chirality method and the modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 was slightly cytotoxic against HeLa cells, with an IC(50) value of 68.8 microM, and compounds 3 and 4 showed moderate insect antifeeding activity against Plutella xylostella and Heliothis virescens.

[Characterization and biological significance of peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets in patients with severe burn].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with severe burn. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 12 patients with severe burn 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after burn, and from 10 healthy donors as controls. Mononuclear cells were isolated, and GM-CSF 1000 and IL-4 were used to induce the transformation of DCs. Mature DCs were harvested and underwent flow cytometry to detect the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD14, and CD11c. RESULT: 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after burn, the expression levels of HLA-DR were 62.1% +/- 8.4%, 65.0% +/- 6.2%, 68.4% +/- 5.7%, and 75.4% +/- 8.4% respectively; the expression levels of CD80 were 12.9% +/- 3.7%, 14.7% +/- 2.5%, 16.1% +/- 4.2%, and 16.2% +/- 4.8%; the expression levels of CD83 were 15.1% +/- 4.2%, 15.1% +/- 4.0%, 22.2% +/- 7.7%, and 21.3% +/- 7.0% respectively; the expression levels of CD86 were 69.2% +/- 7.1%, 70.5% +/- 5.4%, 75.1% +/- 6.1%, and 79.6% +/- 6.4% respectively, all significantly lower than that of the control group (84.3% +/- 8.2%, all P < 0.001). 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after burn, the expression levels of CD14 in the DCs of the severe burn patients were 12.7% +/- 1.9%, 12.0% +/- 1.5%, 11.3% +/- 1.3%, and 9.3% +/- 1.7% respectively, all significantly higher than that of the control group (7.3% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.001). 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after burn, the expression levels of CD11c in the DCs of the severe burn patients were 86.8% +/- 6.1%, 89.5% +/- 5.1%, 91.3% +/- 2.8%, and 89.4% +/- 4.0% respectively, a little lower than that of the control group, however, without significant difference (92.6% +/- 3.8%, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The functions of DCs in the patients with severe burn are declined, which may partly contribute to infection after burn.

[A new method of oxygen delivery to preventing and relieving the anoxia injury--an experimental study and clinical application of hyperoxygen compound sodium chloride solution in treatment of burn shock].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinic effects and prognosis of hyperoxygen compound sodium chloride solution (HCSCS) in treatment of burn shock. METHODS: (1) Severe burned patients with 50% - 69% TBSA were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups, treated by HCSCS and CSCS respectively. Indices such as PaO(2), Hb, Hct and complication were observed. (2) Severe burned patients with more than 70% TBSA were enrolled and indices above and lactate were investigated as well. RESULTS: (1) The cases treated with HCSCS showed relatively stabilization during shock stage, little complication, less liquor volume and remarkable higher oxygen pressure. (2) Severe burned patients with more than 70% TBSA had high level of PaO(2) and normal lactate and less complication. CONCLUSION: The early application of HCSCS is a relatively effective method in treatment of burn shock and favourable prognosis.