Decreased Expression of miR-185 in Serum and Placenta of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: The current study aims to investigate the expression of miR-185 in serum and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its relationship with insulin resistance. METHODS: The levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were measured and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The levels of serum and placental miR-185 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between serum and placental miR-185 levels and HOMA-IR was analyzed using Pearson's correlation assay. The diagnostic value of miR-185 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the serum and placental level of miR-185 was lowest in the severe GDM group and lower in the mild GDM group. Furthermore, the serum levels of FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR gradually increased in the mild GDM group and the severe GDM group compared to those in the control group. Further study showed that serum and placental miR-185 levels were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR in 156 patients with GDM. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.927 with the sensitivity and specificity of 0.865 and 0.838, respectively, indicating serum miR-185 could differentiate patients with GDM from controls. CONCLUSIONS: The down-regulation of miR-185 expression in serum and placenta of pregnant women with GDM is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, suggesting that the decrease of miR-185 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of GDM.

Effect of Multidisciplinary Team Continuous Nursing on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Pregnancy Outcome, and Neonatal Immune Function in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the effect of multidisciplinary team (MDT) continuous nursing on glucose and lipid metabolism, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal immune function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 90 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from January 2018 to December 2019 were recruited and assigned to receive routine care (routine group) or MDT continuous care (study group) according to different nursing methods. Outcome measures included glucose and lipid metabolism, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal immune function. Results: There were no significant differences in glucose and lipid metabolism indices and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, before nursing. After nursing, MDT continuous care resulted in significantly lower levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), triglyceride (TG), and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) versus routine care. After nursing, the SAS scores in the two groups were significantly decreased, with lower results in the study group. Patients in the study group showed better compliance than those in the routine group. MDT continuous care was associated with a significantly lower incidence of premature rupture of fetal membranes, cesarean section, premature delivery, macrosomia, and hypoglycemia versus routine nursing. There were no significant differences in immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM levels. Patients in the study group showed a higher IgG level and lower CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8 levels than those in the routine group. Conclusion: MDT continuous nursing could effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism and improve pregnancy outcomes and neonatal immune function in patients with GDM.

Study on the Application of the Concept of Childlike Interest with Refined Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Children with Severe Pneumonia.

Objectives: To analyze the application of childlike concept with refined nursing intervention in the treatment of children with severe pneumonia. Methods: 100 cases of children with severe pneumonia admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group, in which the control group was given refined nursing care and the observation group was given the childlike concept with refined nursing intervention to compare the treatment effects of patients in both groups. The clinical indexes such as recovery time of body temperature, disappearance time of pulmonary rales, recovery time of heart rate, disappearance time of cough, and hospitalization time, were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the time to recovery of body temperature, time to disappearance of pulmonary rales, time to recovery of heart rate, time to disappearance of cough, and hospitalization time were significantly lower in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the compliance rate of patients in the observation group was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the total effective rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the overall satisfaction rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in terms of economic conditions, payment method, child's condition, child's age, comorbid underlying diseases, and nursing care method, and the results of logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that the payment method of self-payment, child's critical condition, and comorbid underlying diseases were the most important factors affecting the anxiety of the family members of children with severe pneumonia. risk factors for the occurrence of anxiety in the families of children with severe pneumonia, and the method of care was a protective factor (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The concept of childlike fun and refined nursing interventions can effectively improve the treatment effect of children with severe pneumonia, improve patients' condition, increase patients' compliance and satisfaction, and reduce the risk of anxiety and other negative emotions of the child's family members.

The Role of Vitamin D Intake on the Prognosis and Incidence of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The correlation between vitamin D intake and lung cancer development is controversial. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and the prognosis and incidence of lung cancer. A comprehensive database search on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library was carried out from the beginning to November 2020. Long-term survival and the incidence rate of patients with lung cancer were the primary outcomes of the study. Ten eligible studies were selected for the meta-analysis following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four included studies, covering 5,007 patients, compared the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of lung cancer patients among total vitamin D users with non-users. Significantly, the estimated pooled hazard ratio (HR) revealed that vitamin D could improve OS and RFS of lung cancer patients [HR=0.83, 95% CI (0.72-0.95); HR=0.79, 95% CI (0.61-0.97), respectively]. Vitamin D intake was inversely associated with lung cancer incidence in six studies [OR=0.90, 95% CI (0.83-0.97)]. The present meta-analysis shows vitamin D not only improves the long-term survival of lung cancer patients but has a beneficial effect on the incidence of lung cancer. Notwithstanding, more studies are needed to confirm the study results.

MicroRNA profiling reveals two distinct p53-related human pluripotent stem cell states.

Reprogramming methodologies have provided multiple routes for achieving pluripotency. However, pluripotency is generally considered to be an almost singular state, with subtle differences described between induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We profiled miRNA expression levels across 49 human cell lines, including ESCs, iPSCs, differentiated cells, and cancer cell lines. We found that the resulting miRNA profiles divided the iPSCs and hESCs examined into two distinct categories irrespective of the cell line origin. The miRNAs that defined these two pluripotency categories also distinguished cancer cells from differentiated cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that several gene sets related to p53 distinguished these categories, and overexpression of the p53-targeting miRNAs miR-92 and miR-141 in iPSCs was sufficient to change their classification status. Thus, our results suggest a subdivision of pluripotent stem cell states that is independent of their origin but related to p53 network status.

Detection of a microRNA signal in an in vivo expression set of mRNAs.

BACKGROUND: microRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21 nucleotide non-coding transcripts capable of regulating gene expression. The most widely studied mechanism of regulation involves binding of a miRNA to the target mRNA. As a result, translation of the target mRNA is inhibited and the mRNA may be destabilized. The inhibitory effects of miRNAs have been linked to diverse cellular processes including malignant proliferation, apoptosis, development, differentiation, and metabolic processes. We asked whether endogenous fluctuations in a set of mRNA and miRNA profiles contain correlated changes that are statistically distinguishable from the many other fluctuations in the data set. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: RNA was extracted from 12 human primary brain tumor biopsies. These samples were used to determine genome-wide mRNA expression levels by microarray analysis and a miRNA profile by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Correlation coefficients were determined for all possible mRNA-miRNA pairs and the distribution of these correlations compared to the random distribution. An excess of high positive and negative correlation pairs were observed at the tails of these distributions. Most of these highest correlation pairs do not contain sufficiently complementary sequences to predict a target relationship; nor do they lie in physical proximity to each other. However, by examining pairs in which the significance of the correlation coefficients is modestly relaxed, negative correlations do tend to predict targets and positive correlations tend to predict physically proximate pairs. A subset of high correlation pairs were experimentally validated by over-expressing or suppressing a miRNA and measuring the correlated mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Sufficient information exists within a set of tumor samples to detect endogenous correlations between miRNA and mRNA levels. Based on the validations the causal arrow for these correlations is likely to be directed from the miRNAs to the mRNAs. From these data sets, we inferred and validated a tumor suppression pathway linked to miR-181c.