Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection.

BACKGROUND: Bepirovirsen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets all hepatitis B virus (HBV) messenger RNAs and acts to decrease levels of viral proteins. METHODS: We conducted a phase 2b, randomized, investigator-unblinded trial involving participants with chronic HBV infection who were receiving or not receiving nucleoside or nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy. Participants were randomly assigned (in a 3:3:3:1 ratio) to receive weekly subcutaneous injections of bepirovirsen at a dose of 300 mg for 24 weeks (group 1), bepirovirsen at a dose of 300 mg for 12 weeks then 150 mg for 12 weeks (group 2), bepirovirsen at a dose of 300 mg for 12 weeks then placebo for 12 weeks (group 3), or placebo for 12 weeks then bepirovirsen at a dose of 300 mg for 12 weeks (group 4). Groups 1, 2, and 3 received loading doses of bepirovirsen. The composite primary outcome was a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level below the limit of detection and an HBV DNA level below the limit of quantification maintained for 24 weeks after the planned end of bepirovirsen treatment, without newly initiated antiviral medication. RESULTS: The intention-to-treat population comprised 457 participants (227 receiving NA therapy and 230 not receiving NA therapy). Among those receiving NA therapy, a primary-outcome event occurred in 6 participants (9%; 95% credible interval, 0 to 31) in group 1, in 6 (9%; 95% credible interval, 0 to 43) in group 2, in 2 (3%; 95% credible interval, 0 to 16) in group 3, and 0 (0%; post hoc credible interval, 0 to 8) in group 4. Among participants not receiving NA therapy, a primary-outcome event occurred in 7 participants (10%; 95% credible interval, 0 to 38), 4 (6%; 95% credible interval, 0 to 25), 1 (1%; post hoc credible interval, 0 to 6), and 0 (0%; post hoc credible interval, 0 to 8), respectively. During weeks 1 through 12, adverse events, including injection-site reactions, pyrexia, fatigue, and increased alanine aminotransferase levels, were more common with bepirovirsen (groups 1, 2, and 3) than with placebo (group 4). CONCLUSIONS: In this phase 2b trial, bepirovirsen at a dose of 300 mg per week for 24 weeks resulted in sustained HBsAg and HBV DNA loss in 9 to 10% of participants with chronic HBV infection. Larger and longer trials are required to assess the efficacy and safety of bepirovirsen. (Funded by GSK; B-Clear ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04449029.).

B-Clear Phase 2b Study Design: Establishing the Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

INTRODUCTION: Bepirovirsen (GSK3228836) is an antisense oligonucleotide that induced rapid and prolonged hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction with a favorable safety profile following 4 weeks of treatment in participants with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The objective of the phase 2b study B-Clear is to access the efficacy and safety of bepirovirsen in participants with chronic HBV infection. METHODS: B-Clear is a phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, partial-blind (sponsor/participant-blinded, investigator-unblinded) study in participants with chronic HBV infection receiving stable nucleos(t)ide analogue (On-NA) or not currently receiving NA therapy (Not-on-NA). Eligibility criteria included HBsAg > 100 IU/mL, HBV DNA < 90 IU/mL (On-NA) or > 2000 IU/mL (Not-on-NA), and alanine aminotransferase ≤ 2 × upper limit of normal (ULN; On-NA) or < 3 × ULN (Not-on-NA). Participants were randomized 3:3:3:1 to one of four treatment arms, with treatment administered weekly as subcutaneous injections with or without loading doses (LD) on days 4 and 11: bepirovirsen 300 mg (with 300 mg LD) for 24 weeks; bepirovirsen 300 mg (with 300 mg LD) for 12 weeks then bepirovirsen 150 mg for 12 weeks; bepirovirsen 300 mg (with 300 mg LD) for 12 weeks then placebo for 12 weeks; placebo for 12 weeks (with placebo LD) then bepirovirsen 300 mg without LD for 12 weeks. PLANNED OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint of the study was HBsAg < lower limit of detection and HBV DNA < lower limit of quantification for 24 weeks after the end of bepirovirsen treatment in the absence of rescue medication. The study enrolled 457 participants (On-NA, n = 227; Not-on-NA, n = 230) and the last patient visit occurred in March 2022. The novel design of the B-Clear study will allow assessment of HBsAg and HBV DNA seroclearance post bepirovirsen treatment discontinuation in the presence and absence of background NA therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04449029; GSK study 209668).