Accuracy of body fat percent and adiposity indicators cut off values to detect metabolic risk factors in a sample of Mexican adults.

BACKGROUND: Although body fat percent (BF%) may be used for screening metabolic risk factors, its accuracy compared to BMI and waist circumference is unknown in a Mexican population. We compared the classification accuracy of BF%, BMI and WC for the detection of metabolic risk factors in a sample of Mexican adults; optimized cutoffs as well as sensitivity and specificity at commonly used BF% and BMI international cutoffs were estimated. We also estimated conditional BF% means at BMI international cutoffs. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data on body composition, anthropometry and metabolic risk factors(high glucose, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension) from 5,100 Mexican men and women. The association between BMI, WC and BF%was evaluated with linear regression models. The BF%, BMI and WC optimal cutoffs for the detection of metabolic risk factors were selected at the point where sensitivity was closest to specificity. Areas under the ROC Curve (AUC) were compared among classifiers using a non-parametric method. RESULTS: After adjustment for WC, a 1% increase in BMI was associated with a BF% rise of 0.05 percentage points (p.p.) in men (P<0.05) and 0.25 p.p. in women (P<0.001). At BMI=25.0 predicted BF% was 27.6±0.16 (mean±SE) in men and 41.2±0.07 in women. Estimated BF% cutoffs for detection of metabolic risk factors were close to 30.0 in men and close to 44.0 in women. In men WC had higher AUC than BF% for the classification of all conditions whereas BMI had higher AUC than BF% for the classification of high triglycerides and hypertension. In womenBMI and WC had higher AUC than BF% for the classification of all metabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: BMI and WC were more accurate than BF% for classifying the studied metabolic disorders. International BF% cutoffs had very low specificity and thus produced a high rate of false positives in both sexes.

Sweetened beverage consumption and the risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hyperuricemia has doubled worldwide during the last few decades. The substantial increase in sweetened beverage (SB) consumption has also coincided with the secular trend of hyperuricemia. Recent studies do show that the consumption of SB can induce hyperuricemia. However, the association between SB and hyperuricemia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SB consumption and levels of uric acid in Mexican adults. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from selected adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 6,705 participants of both sexes between ages 18 and 70 years were included. SB intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical and anthropometric information was collected using standard procedures. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid levels ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥ 5.8 mg/dL in women. The association of interest was assessed by multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The odds ratios (OR) for hyperuricemia in men who consume 0.5-1 SB/day was 1.59 (95% CI; 1.05-2.40) and 2.29 (95% CI; 1.55-3.38) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to men who consume less than half a SB/day. In women, the OR for hyperuricemia for those who consume >1.0- < 3.0 SB/day was 1.33 (95% CI; 1.04-1.70) and 1.35 (95% CI; 1.04-1.75) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to women who consume less than half a SB/day, independent of other covariables. Men and women with high SB consumption and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 had greater risk for hyperuricemia than men and women with low SB consumption and normal BMI < 25 Kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the consumption of SB is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults. However, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the association between SB intake and hyperuricemia.

Prevalencia de vaginitis y vaginosis bacteriana: asociación con manifestaciones clínicas, de laboratorio y tratamiento / Prevalence of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. Association with clinical manifestations, laboratory and treatment

Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal para conocer la prevalencia de vaginitis y vaginosis bacteriana, y su asociación con las manifestaciones clínicas, de laboratorio y la respuesta al tratamiento. De enero a julio de 1994, se estudiaron 405 mujeres, se les aplicó un cuestionario y se les tomó muestra de secreación vaginal para la medición del pH y la producción de amina; e identificar microscópicamente por técnicas de preparación en fresco y tinción de Gram la presencia de microflora normal, levadura, Trichomonas vaginalis y ®células clave¼; para el tratamiento de moniliasis se utilizó clotrimazol, en vaginosis bacteriana y tricomoniasis, metronidazol. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron en programas estadísticos SPS/PC y EGRET. Los resultados mostraron que 47.7 por ciento (193/405) de las mujeres presentaron al menos alguna infección vaginal, de ellas la moniliasis fue de 26.0 por ciento (105/405), vaginosis bacteriana 16.5 por ciento (67/405) y tricomoniasis 1.7 por ciento (7/405). El cuadro clínico asociado a moniliasis fue prurito, dispareunia, eritema en introito, inflamación vaginal y presencia de flujo vaginal; las pacientes con vaginosis bacteriana cursaron asintomáticas, identificando en la exploración ginecológica sólo la presencia de flujo vaginal amarillo. Un hallazgo importante asociado con la vaginosis bacteriana fue el antecedente de parto prematuro. Las pacientes con tricomoniasis también cursaro asintomáticas, y se observó asociación con lesiones cervicales, friabilidad, puntilleo hemorrágico y flujo amarillo. La respuesta terapéutica de las mujeres con moniliasis fue satisfactoria en 92 por ciento, en vaginosis bacteriana de 93 por ciento y en tricomoniasis de 100 por ciento. Es importante, asimismo, el médico debe realizar exploración ginecológica rutinaria en mujeres sexualmente activas y apoyarse de preferencia en el laboratorio para realizar un diagnóstico preciso de las infecciones vaginales