A Critical Review of Short Antimicrobial Peptides from Scorpion Venoms, Their Physicochemical Attributes, and Potential for the Development of New Drugs.

Scorpion venoms have proven to be excellent sources of antimicrobial agents. However, although many of them have been functionally characterized, they remain underutilized as pharmacological agents, despite their evident therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical properties of short scorpion venom antimicrobial peptides (ssAMPs). Being generally short (13-25 aa) and amidated, their proven antimicrobial activity is generally explained by parameters such as their net charge, the hydrophobic moment, or the degree of helicity. However, for a complete understanding of their biological activities, also considering the properties of the target membranes is of great relevance. Here, with an extensive analysis of the physicochemical, structural, and thermodynamic parameters associated with these biomolecules, we propose a theoretical framework for the rational design of new antimicrobial drugs. Through a comparison of these physicochemical properties with the bioactivity of ssAMPs in pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Acinetobacter baumannii, it is evident that in addition to the net charge, the hydrophobic moment, electrostatic energy, or intrinsic flexibility are determining parameters to understand their performance. Although the correlation between these parameters is very complex, the consensus of our analysis suggests that there is a delicate balance between them and that modifying one affects the rest. Understanding the contribution of lipid composition to their bioactivities is also underestimated, which suggests that for each peptide, there is a physiological context to consider for the rational design of new drugs.

Overexpression of Fut 2, 4, and 8, and nuclear localization of Fut 4 in ovarian cancer cell lines induced by ascitic fluids from epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Fucosyltransferases (Fut) regulate the fucosylation process associated with tumorogenesis in different cancer types. Ascitic fluid (AF) from patients diagnosed with advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is considered as a dynamic tumor microenvironment associated with poor prognosis. Previous studies from our laboratory showed increased fucosylation in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3, cancer-derived cell lines, when these cells were incubated with AFs derived from patients diagnosed with EOC. In the present work we studied three fucosyltransferases (Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8) in SKOV-3, OVCAR-3 and CAOV-3 cell lines in combination with five different AFs from patients diagnosed with this disease, confirming that all tested AFs increased fucosylation. Then, we demonstrate that mRNAs of these three enzymes were overexpressed in the three cell lines under treatment with AFs. SKOV-3 showed the higher overexpression of Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8 in comparison with the control condition. We further confirmed, in the SKOV-3 cell line, by endpoint PCR, WB, and confocal microscopy, that the three enzymes were overexpressed, being Fut 4 the most overexpressed enzyme compared to Fut 2 and Fut 8. These enzymes were concentrated in vesicular structures with a homogeneous distribution pattern throughout the cytoplasm. Moreover, we found that among the three enzymes, only Fut 4 was located inside the nuclei. The nuclear location of Fut 4 was confirmed for the three cell lines. These results allow to propose Fut 2, Fut 4, and Fut 8 as potential targets for EOC treatment or as diagnostic tools for this disease.

Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) pilot study on genetic and non-genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among Asian Americans and Canadians.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks cohort diversity despite being a global health crisis. The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) was formed to address underrepresentation of Asians in research, and limited understanding of how genetics and non-genetic/lifestyle factors impact this multi-ethnic population. METHODS: The ACAD started fully recruiting in October 2021 with one central coordination site, eight recruitment sites, and two analysis sites. We developed a comprehensive study protocol for outreach and recruitment, an extensive data collection packet, and a centralized data management system, in English, Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese. RESULTS: ACAD has recruited 606 participants with an additional 900 expressing interest in enrollment since program inception. DISCUSSION: ACAD's traction indicates the feasibility of recruiting Asians for clinical research to enhance understanding of AD risk factors. ACAD will recruit > 5000 participants to identify genetic and non-genetic/lifestyle AD risk factors, establish blood biomarker levels for AD diagnosis, and facilitate clinical trial readiness. HIGHLIGHTS: The Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD) promotes awareness of under-investment in clinical research for Asians. We are recruiting Asian Americans and Canadians for novel insights into Alzheimer's disease. We describe culturally appropriate recruitment strategies and data collection protocol. ACAD addresses challenges of recruitment from heterogeneous Asian subcommunities. We aim to implement a successful recruitment program that enrolls across three Asian subcommunities.

Multilevel analysis of positive emotional induction: Which is the role of gender and valence on cognitive control processes?

How emotions are processed affects people's cognition and behavior. One of the most used measures to study the physiological component of emotions is heart rate (HR), where greater HR variation (range) implies greater emotional processing. Several investigations established the importance of gender modulation of these processes due to the different cultural treatment given to emotions among genders. However, very heterogeneous results are reported today, and few studies incorporated these parameters when investigating emotion modulation of cognitive processes according to individual factors. The present work consists of two studies. In a pilot study, 97 young adults, through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), ranged the valence and arousal to select two positive and neutral videos. The second study analyses the role of gender and valence in the variation of subjective (SAM) and physiological (HR) indicators of emotional processing associated with performance in two cognitive tasks (Stroop and Tower of London) under two different emotional conditions. Participants were 60 adults, who were randomly assigned to positive or neutral video visualization, and their HR was registered. There was a tendency for women to have higher HR during positive videos than in neutral. While the subjective reports indicated variances in the appraisal of the videos, the heart rate did not exhibit differences across the experimental conditions. Few studies integrate emotional and cognitive components, and include physiological and subjective measures of emotional processing. These findings illustrate the importance of including various measures of emotional and cognitive processing.

Frequency of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients Requiring GI Endoscopy in Seven Units in Three Antioquia Subregions

Aim: To determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori and sociodemographic factors, life habits, and personal and family history of gastroduodenal diseases in patients who required and were taken to GI endoscopy (symptomatic or by screening) in seven endoscopy units in three Antioquia subregions. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2018 included 272 participants. Sociodemographic factors, life habits, and personal and family history were related to H. pylori infection. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to establish the association between the variables, and multivariate analysis (binomial regression) was used to adjust the prevalence ratios of the associated factors. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The frequency of H. pylori infection was 55.9%, with differences by subregion (Valle de Aburrá metropolitan area: 54.3%, Oriente: 64%, and Urabá: 79.2%). Factors associated with H. pylori infection were male sex (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-1.52), age 18-55 years (APR = 1.62; CI 95% = 1.22-2.16), absence of drinking water (APR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.15-1.72) and educational level below university (APR = 1.73; 95% CI% = 1.26-2.38). Conclusion: The frequency of H. pylori was higher than in other recent studies because different diagnostic tests were used for its detection, and differences were found in the frequency of infection by region, which is explained by the heterogeneity in the populations analyzed. This study suggests the need to improve the population's living conditions to reduce H. pylori and direct measures of primary prevention of the infection, especially in family groups, men, individuals between 18 and 55 years old without drinking water, and with an educational level lower than university.

Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de Helicobacter pylori y la presencia de factores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida y antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades gastroduodenales en pacientes que requirieron y fueron llevados a endoscopia digestiva (sintomáticos o por tamización) en siete unidades de endoscopia de tres subregiones de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal realizado entre 2016 y 2018 que incluyó a 272 participantes. Los factores sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, antecedentes personales y familiares se relacionaron con la infección por H. pylori. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado para establecer la asociación entre las variables y el análisis multivariado (regresión binomial) para ajustar las razones de prevalencia de los factores asociados. Un valor p ≤ 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la frecuencia de infección por H. pylori fue de 55,9%, con diferencias por subregión (área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá: 54,3%, oriente: 64% y Urabá: 79,2%). Los factores asociados a la infección por H. pylori fueron sexo masculino (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RPA] = 1,26; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% = 1,04-1,52), edad de 18-55 años (RPA = 1,62; IC 95% = 1,22-2,16), ausencia de agua potable (RPA = 1,40; IC 95%: 1,15-1,72) y nivel educativo inferior al universitario (RPA = 1,73; IC 95% = 1,26-2,38). Conclusión: la frecuencia de H. pylori fue mayor que en otros estudios recientes porque se emplearon diferentes pruebas diagnósticas para su detección y se demostraron diferencias en la frecuencia de la infección por región, lo cual se explica por la heterogeneidad en las poblaciones analizadas. Este estudio sugiere la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población para reducir la infección por H. pylori y dirigir medidas de prevención primaria de la infección especialmente en los grupos familiares, en hombres, individuos entre 18 y 55 años, sin agua potable y con un nivel educativo inferior al universitario.

Clima escolar como factor protector para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes de preparatoria / School climate as a protective factor for substance use in high school adolescents

Resumen Marco contextual: El clima escolar se considera un factor protector para el consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación del clima escolar con el consumo de drogas por los adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional predictivo. Muestreo por conglomerados unietápico y una muestra de 227 estudiantes de 15 a 18 años. Se aplicó una Cédula de Identificación de Características Personales y Consumo de Drogas y la Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Se identificó que cuando existe percepción positiva de seguridad (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01), existe menor consumo de alcohol en la última semana, lo que explica el 8,2% de la varianza. Por otra parte, el clima escolar positivo no predice el consumo de tabaco, sin embargo, existe menor probabilidad de consumo de tabaco en el último año cuando existe una percepción positiva del ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusión: La percepción positiva de seguridad en el clima escolar se asocia con el no consumo de alcohol en la última semana, sin embargo, no predice el consumo de tabaco.

Abstract Background: The school climate is a protective factor for substance use. Objective: To identify the association between school climate and substance use in adolescents. Methodology: Predictive descriptive-correlational study. Single-stage cluster sampling and a sample of 227 students aged 15 to 18 years. A Personal Traits and Drug Consumption Identity Card and the School Climate Survey (MDS3) were applied. Results: Participants had a positive perception of safety (OR = 0.904; p < 0.01). There was less alcohol consumption in the last week, explaining 8.2% of the variance. Although a positive school climate does not predict tobacco use, a positive perception of the school environment results in a lower probability of tobacco use in the last year (OR = 0.884; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although a positive perception of safety in the school climate is associated with no alcohol consumption in the last week, it does not predict tobacco use.

Resumo Enquadramento: O clima escolar é considerado um fator de proteção para o consumo de drogas. Objetivo: Identificar a associação do clima escolar com o uso de drogas por adolescentes. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo correlacional preditivo. Amostragem por conglomerados num estágio e amostra de 227 alunos de 15 a 18 anos. Foram aplicados o Cartão de Identificação de Características Pessoais e Consumo de Medicamentos e a Escala de Clima Escolar (MDS3). Resultados: Identificou-se que quando há perceção positiva de segurança (OR = 0,904; p < 0,01) há menor consumo de álcool na última semana, explicando 8,2% da variância. Por outro lado, um clima escolar positivo não prediz o uso de tabaco, porém, há menor probabilidade de uso de tabaco no último ano quando há uma perceção positiva do ambiente escolar (OR = 0,884; p < 0,05). Conclusão: A perceção positiva de segurança no clima escolar está associada ao não consumo de álcool na última semana, porém não prediz o uso de tabaco.

Valoración emocional de imágenes y temperamento en preescolares: papel de la edad y la valencia / Emotional appraisal of images and temperament in preschoolers: Role of age and valence

Resumen La valoración es una etapa crucial del procesamiento emocional que prepara para la acción. Durante este proceso se generan distintas respuestas a partir de la evaluación de aspectos emocionales de los estímulos. Estas variaciones pueden deberse a la influencia de características individuales. La literatura señala al temperamento como uno de los factores asociados a las diferencias en la valoración emocional y el afrontamiento. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la valoración emocional de estímulos visuales y características temperamentales obtenidas por medio del Cuestionario de Conducta Infantil (CBQ). Para esto, 198 preescolares de cuatro y cinco años valoraron 15 imágenes (negativas, neutras y positivas) y se analizaron estas valoraciones en función de las características temperamentales. Se encontró mayor cantidad de valoraciones negativas a los cuatro años que a los cinco (p = .056, η² parcial = .031), y de valoraciones positivas en el grupo con puntaje alto de esfuerzo de control en comparación con el de puntaje bajo (p = .020, η² parcial = .029). Esto sugiere una asociación entre la valoración emocional, la edad y el esfuerzo de control. Este resultado podría deberse a que las niñas y los niños estuvieran desviando su atención de los aspectos negativos de los estímulos.

Abstract Emotional appraisal is a crucial stage of emotional processing that prepares for action (coping). During this process different responses are generated from the evaluation of emotional aspects of the stimuli. These variations may be due to the influence of individual characteristics. The literature points to temperament as one of the factors associated with differences in emotional appraisal and coping. This paper analyzes the relationship between the emotional appraisal of visual stimuli and temperamental characteristics, obtained through the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). For this purpose, 198 preschoolers aged 4 and 5 assigned of three possible emotional expressions to 15 images (negative, neutral and positive) and then compared the number of appraisals according to temperamental characteristics. Higher number of negative appraisals were found in the 4-year group compared to the 5-year group (p = .056, η² partial = .031), and of positive appraisals in the group with high effortful control score compared to the low score group (p = .020, η² partial = .029), suggesting an association between emotional assessment, age and effortful control. This result could be due to the fact that children were diverting they attention from the negative aspects of stimuli.

Papel de las claves contextuales y dinámicas en el procesamiento emocional de niñas y niños preescolares / Role of contextual and dynamic keys in the emotional processing of preschoolers

Dentro del procesamiento emocional, la valoración emocional es el proceso mediante el cual se generan diferentes respuestas ante un mismo estímulo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la valoración de estímulos visuales, ampliando las claves contextuales y dinámicas mediante la utilización de videos con diferente contenido emocional en niñas y niños preescolares. Se realizó un estudio sincrónico de carácter exploratorio en el cual se evaluaron 35 niñas y niños de 5 años en una tarea de valoración emocional. La utilización de videos infantiles permitió la expresión de discrepancias en las respuestas de valoración, y la comparación entre la valoración que otorgaban las niñas y los niños, y la que tenían los videos. La variabilidad de las respuestas de valoración señala la importancia de considerar estas variaciones en el abordaje metodológico que se realice, ya que son un componente clave en el procesamiento emocional durante el desarrollo infantil

Within emotional processing, emotional appraisal is the process by which different responses to the same stimulus are generated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the emotional appraisal of visual stimuli, broadening the contextual and dynamic keys by using videos with different emotional content in preschool children. An exploratory synchronous study was conducted, in which 35 girls and boys aged 5 were evaluated for an emotional appraisal task. The use of children's videos allowed for the expression of discrepancies in the appraisal responses, and the comparison between the valuation of children and that of the videos. The variability of the appraisal responses points to the importance of considering these variations in the methodological approach to be carried out, as they are a key component in the emotional processing during childhood development

Tumor de Askin / Askins tumor

Resumen El tumor de Askin es una rara neoplasia de la pared torácica que pertenece al grupo de tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos que incluyen desde el sarcoma de Ewing hasta el neuroepitelioma. Su principal característica es el dolor. Los tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos (PNET) derivan de células pluripotenciales neuroectodérmicas de la cresta neural y pertenecen al grupo de tumores de células pequeñas redondas y azules que se caracterizan por un comportamiento agresivo, con manifestaciones clínicas diversas que dependen de su localización anatómica. La localización más común es la toracopulmonar, seguida por el área pélvica. Las metástasis normalmente afectan a los pulmones, huesos, hígado y cerebro. Su diagnóstico se basa en estudios imagenológicos y se confirma con el estudio de histopatología en biopsia o en la resección quirúrgica.

Abstract The Askin's tumor is a rare neoplasm of the chest wall that belongs to the group of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), which are derivatives from neuroectodermal pluripotent neural crest cells. The range of this type of tumors covers from Ewing's sarcoma to the neuroepithelioma and they belong to the group of small round blue cells tumors which are characterized for having an aggressive behavior with diverse clinical manifestations depending on their anatomical location. The most common location for the Askin's tumor is the thoracopulmonary area followed by the pelvic area and in the case of metastases the lungs, bones, liver and brain are the most affected parts. In order to identify this disease, the diagnosis of this type of tumor consists on image studies and the confirmation is made through a hispathology biopsy or surgical resection.

Riesgos asociados a los hijos de mujeres con trastornos alimentarios / http://dx.doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v43i3.1338

Resumen Se analiza literatura sobre la influencia materna que los trastornos alimentarios y de la ingestión de alimentos (TAI) tienen sobre el desarrollo psíquico de los hijos. De 1.096 artículos encontrados en PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo, ProQuest Health & Medical Collection, 32 aportan información relevante organizada en 6 categorías: 1-Alimentación; 2-Antropometría; 3-Percepción materna de los hijos; 4-Percepción de los hijos hacia sus madres; 5-Estilo parental; 6-Psicopatología de los hijos.(AU)

Abstract: Maternal influence on the children psyches developmental is analyzed when mothers are eating disorder diagnosed. 1.096 articles are founded in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scielo, ProQuest Health & Medical Collection. 32 provide relevant information and they are organized into 6 categories: 1-Food; 2-Anthropometry; 3-Maternal perception of children; 4-Mother s children perception; 5-Parental style; 6-Psychopathology of children. There is a lot of evidence that shows the influence of a maternal eating disorder on the mental children development Mechanisms involved are discussed and it is suggested to continue advancing in research and clinical interventions.(AU)

Crianza parental, sucesos de vida y consumo de drogas en adolescentes escolarizados / Parental Breeding, Life Events and Drug Use in Adolescent Students / Criação parental, acontecimentos de vida e consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolarizados

El consumo de drogas en los adolescentes es multifactorial, aunque existen factores clave para el desarrollo de esta conducta relacionados con la familia y experiencias de vida. Objetivo: identificar la relación existente entre la percepción de la crianza parental y los sucesos de vida con el consumo de sustancias lícitas e ilícitas en adolescentes. Metodología: el diseño fue descriptivo correlacionai, con muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados unietápico. Se obtuvo una muestra de 371 estudiantes de preparatoria de un municipio del estado de Nuevo León, México, donde se consideró un intervalo de confianza del 95%, una potencia de prueba del 90%, un efecto de diseño de 1,5 y una tasa de no respuesta del 10%. Para recolectar la información se utilizó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y de prevalencia de consumo de drogas y la Escala de Estilos Parentales Percibidos (mis memorias de crianza, sucesos de vida) y la Prueba de Identificación de los Trastornos por Uso de Alcohol. La confiabilidad de los instrumentos fue aceptable. Resultados: la crianza parental se relacionó negativa y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol, marihuana y sustancias inhalables. Los sucesos de vida se relacionaron positiva y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol, marihuana, cocaína y sustancias inhalables. Los sucesos de vida expresan el 14% de la varianza explicada para el consumo de alcohol. Conclusiones: a menor crianza parental, mayor es el consumo de alcohol, marihuana e inhalables; y los sucesos de vida influyen en el consumo de alcohol, marihuana, cocaína y sustancias inhalables.

Drug use in adolescents is multifactorial, there are key factors for the development of this behavior related to family and life experiences. Objective: To identify the relationship between parental breeding perception and life events with licit and illicit substance use in adolescents. Methodology: The design was descriptive correlational, with single-stage probability sampling by conglomerates, obtaining a sample of 371 high school students in a municipality of the State of Nuevo León, Mexico, where it was considered a confidence interval of 95%, a test potency of 90%, a design effect of 1.5 and a non-response rate of 10%. For the data collection a socio-demographic identity card, prevalence of drug use data and the perceived parenting styles scale were used: My Memories of Parenting, Life Events and Proof of Identification Alcohol Use Disorders. The reliability of the instruments was acceptable. Results: Parental breeding was negative and significantly related to alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances. The life events were positive and significantly related to alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances. Furthermore, life events express a 14% of the explained variance for alcohol use. Conclusions: At lower parental breeding, higher alcohol, marihuana and inhalants substances is present; and life events influence alcohol, marihuana, cocaine and inhalants substances.

O consumo de drogas nos adolescentes é multifactorial, existem fatores finque para o desenvolvimento desta conduta relacionados à família e experiências de vida. Objetivo: identificar a relação que existe entre a percepção da criação parental e os acontecimentos de vida com o consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas em adolescentes. Metodologia: o desenho foi descritivo correlacionai, com amostragem probabilístico por conglomerados unietápico, obtendo-se uma mostra de 371 estudantes de preparatoria de um município do Estado de Nuevo León, México, onde se considerou um intervalo de confiança de 95%, uma potência de prova de 90%, um efeito de desenho de 1,5 e uma taxa de não resposta um 10%. Para a coleta de informação utilizou-se uma cédula de dados sociodemográficos e de prevalencia de consumo de drogas, a escala de estilos parentales percebidos: minhas memórias de criação, acontecimentos de vida e a prova de identificação dos transtornos por uso de álcool, a fiabilidade dos instrumentos foi aceitável. Resultados: a criação parental relacionou-se negativa e significativamente com o consumo de álcool, o consumo de maconha, e inhalables. Os acontecimentos de vida relacionaram-se positiva e significativamente com o consumo de álcool, de maconha, cocaína e substâncias inhalables. Ademais os acontecimentos de vida expressam o 14% da varianza explicada para o consumo de álcool. Conclusões: a menor criação parental, maior é o consumo de álcool, maconha e substâncias inhalables; e os acontecimentos de vida influem no consumo de álcool, maconha, cocaína e substâncias inhalables.

Papel de la motivación sobre la memoria emocional durante la etapa preescolar: un análisis preliminar. Papel de la motivación sobre la memoria emocional durante la etapa preescolar: un análisis preliminar / Role of motivation on emotional memory during preschooler stage: A preliminary analysis

La memoria emocional es una memoria de largo término con contenido emocional, positivo o negativo, donde los eventos emocionales se recuerdan mejor que los neutros. La motivación se define como un impulso para comportarse de una manera determinada, y puede dividirse en intrínseca (sin recompensas) y extrínseca (dirigida a metas). Debido a que los procesos cognitivos son favorecidos por la motivación, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la interacción entre motivación y memoria de imágenes negativas, neutras y positivas, en dos grupos de niñas y niños de 5 años (recompensado y no recompensado). Los grupos no difirieron en el recuerdo de las imágenes de las tres valencias. Sólo en el grupo recompensado, las imágenes negativas fueron mayormente recordadas, lo cual indicaría que la recompensa luego de la tarea, favoreció la evocación posterior, y que este recuerdo fue diferencial en función del contenido emocional de las imágenes.

Emotional memory is defined as a long-term memory with emotional content, positive or negative, where emotional events are better remembered than neutral ones. Motivation is defined as an impulse to behave in a certain way, and can be divided into intrinsic (without rewards) and extrinsic (goal oriented). Cognitive processes are favored by motivation, so the objective of this work was to analyze the interaction between motivation and memory of images with different emotional valence in two groups of 5-year-old children (rewarded and not rewarded). The groups did not differ in the recall of any of the three valences. Only in the rewarding group did the negative images be remembered, which would indicate that the reward after the task favored the later evocation and that this memory was differential according to the emotional content of the images.

Upbringing, interpersonal difficulties and drug use / Criação parental, dificuldades interpessoais e consumo de drogas / Crianza parental, dificultades interpersonales y consumo de drogas

Determining upbringing and interpersonal difficulties among those drug consumers and non consumers and identifying the relationship and effects of upbringing and interpersonal difficulties on drug consumption through a descriptive and correlative study using adolescents selected through cluster sampling. The study discovered that upbringing and interpersonal difficulties can predict having ever consumed alcohol and having consumed it within the last year. When a negative perception of upbringing exists, alcohol consumption exists; the greater the number of interpersonal difficulties, the greater the adolescents' alcohol consumption...

Prevalencia de alergias en niños entre 5 y 14 años con trastorno de déficitde atención e hiperactividad. Medellín, 2012 / Prevalence of allergies in children between 5 and 14 years of age with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Medellin, 2012

Las enfermedades alérgicas y el trastorno por déficit de atención son entidades frecuentes enla niñez. Alguno autores han sugerido una asociación entre estas.Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de alergias en niños con déficit de atención y sus características clínicasy socio-demográficas en la consulta de neurología hecha por los autores.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no aleatorio yselección de los casos de forma consecutiva. Se entrevistaron 113 niños que cumplían los criterios de inclusión,entre junio y diciembre de 2012. La información fue consignada en un formulario que contenía variables sociodemográficasy clínicas relacionadas con el déficit de atención y con los diferentes tipos de alergias.Resultados: Entre los pacientes entrevistados, la enfermedad alérgica mas frecuente fue la rinitis alérgica conel 37.2%, seguida por el asma, con 31.9%. Sin embargo, solo el asma presentó mayor prevalencia en pacientescon trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad que en la población general. La dermatitis atópica se presentóen 8.8% y alergia alimentaria en 2.7%. En el análisis exploratorio, los niños con dermatitis atópica fueronlos únicos que presentaron una asociación significativa con insomnio (OR 4.23; IC 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusiones: La prevalencia de asma fue mayor en los pacientes estudiados con trastorno de déficit deatención e hiperactividad que la reportada en estudios poblacionales. Para los otros tipos de alergias la prevalencia fue similar...

Allergic diseases and attention deficit disorder are both common in pediatric population.Several authors had suggested an association between this two disorders.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of allergies in children with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder and their clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Children included in the study were patientsin the neurologic practice of the authorscriteria were interviewed using a questionnaire that included clinical and socio-demographic variables relatedto Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and allergies.Results: Among the 113 patients interviewed, the most common allergic disease was Allergic Rhinitis, whichaccounted for 37.2% of the cases, followed by asthma, which accounted for 31.9%. Asthma presents a higherprevalence in patients with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Atopic Dermatitis was present in8.8% of the cases and Food Allergy in 2.7%. In an exploratory study, children with Atopic Dermatitis werethe only ones who presented a significant association with Insomnia (OR 4.23; CI 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma was greater in those patients with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder than in those reported in population studies. For other types of allergies, this prevalence was similar....

Haloperidol como profilaxis para náuseas y vómito postoperatorios: revisión sistemática / Haloperidol as prophylactic treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting: Systematic literature review

Introducción:La efectividad del haloperidol en la profilaxis para náuseas y vómito postoperatorios (NVPO) ha sido demostrada en estudios previos resumidos en 2004 por Buttner. Desde entonces ha surgido nueva evidencia, por lo cual nuestro objetivo es actualizar el estado presente del conocimiento en este tema. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis con el fin de aproximarnos a la efectividad y a la seguridad del uso de haloperidol en la profilaxis de NVPO. Metodología:La búsqueda sistemática, la selección de artículos relevantes, la extracción de datos, el análisis crítico de los estudios primarios, las comparaciones y los análisis se realizaron con base en las recomendaciones de Cochrane Collaboration y a través del software RevMan5. Resultados:Diez experimentos clínicos controlados, publicados entre 1962 y 2010, que incluyen 2.711 pacientes, cumplen los criterios de selección. Comparado con el droperidol (RR: 0,97; IC95%: 0,52-1,79) y con el ondansetrón (RR: 1,24; IC95%: 0,66-2,35), no se encontraron diferencias en la efectividad a las 24h. Se evidencia un efecto protector contra NVPO asociado al uso de haloperidol en diferentes dosis, vías de administración y momentos de administración al comparar frente a placebo. No hay reporte de aumento de efectos adversos de forma significativa. Discusión:La efectividad de haloperidol como profilaxis de NVPO queda sustentada por esta revisión sistemática sin que se logren identificar diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se compara con el ondansetrón o el droperidol. Conclusiones: El haloperidol es un medicamento efectivo y seguro para la profilaxis de NVPO.

Introduction: The effectiveness of haloperidol for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been proven in prior trials summarized by Buttner in 2004. New evidence has surfaced since then. Our objective is thus to update the current knowledge on the topic. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed, in order to determine the effectiveness and safety of the use of haloperidol as prophylaxis for PONV. Methodology: The systematic search, the selection of relevant articles, the extraction of data, the critical analysis of the primary studies, the comparisons and analyses were all based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and using RevMan5 software. Results: Ten controlled clinical trials published between 1962 and 2010, that included 2,711 patients, met the selection criteria. As compared against droperidol (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.52-1.79) and against ondansetron (RR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.66-2.35), no differences were found in terms of effectiveness after 24 hours. A protective effect against PONV associated with the use of haloperidol at varying doses, routes of administration and timing of administration was observed as compared with placebo. No significant increases in adverse events have been reported. Discussion: This systematic review supports the effectiveness of haloperidol as prophylactic treatment of PONV. No statistically significant differences were found as compared against ondansetron or droperidol. Conclusions: Haloperidol is an effective prophylactic drug for PONV.

Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y estresores psicosociales en usuarios de consulta externa en psicología de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín – Colombia / Prevalence of mental disorders and psycho-social tensors in outpatients in psychology at Saint Bonaventure University, Medellin – Colombia

The objective of this study was to strengthen theprevalence of mental disorders and psycho-socialtensors in outpatients in psychology at SaintBonaventure University, Medellin - Colombia. In thestudy, 106 users took part in it (35.8% men and64% women) with an average age of 26.8 years,who were given the neuropsychiatric internationalinterview (Scheehan and Lecrubier, 1998) and theassessment format of the Axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR(APA, 2002). The disorders of major prevalencewere risk of suicide (28.30%), past majordepression (26.41%) and current major depression(20.75%), depression with melancholy (15.10%),disorders due to the use of non-alcoholic substances(15.09%) , anguish disorder (14.15%) ,generalized anxiety (13.20%), past hypomania(12.26%), social phobia (10.37%), and abuse anddependence of alcohol (10.37%). The relatedpsycho-social tensors were the issues referring to theprimary group (47.8%), the social ambiance(39.1%) and teaching-related problems (13%).

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y los estresores psicosociales asociados en usuarios de consulta externa de psicología de la Universidad de SanBuenaventura, Medellín - Colombia. Participaron 106 usuarios (35.8% hombres y 64% mujeres), con una edad media de 26.8 años, a los cuales se lesaplicó la entrevista internacional neuropsiquiátrica (Scheehan y Lecrubier, 1998) y el formato deevaluación del Eje IV del DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2002). Los trastornos de mayor prevalencia fueron riesgo de suicidio (28.30%), depresión mayor pasadaPrevalence of Mental Disorders and Psycho-social Tensors in Outpatients in Psychology at Saint Bonaventure University, Medellin – Colombia(26.41%), depresión mayor actual (20.75%), depresión con melancolía (15.10%), trastornos por uso de sustancias no alcohólicas (15.09%),trastorno por angustia (14.15%), ansiedad generalizada (13.20%), hipomanía pasada (12.26%), fobia social (10.37%), y abuso y dependencia al alcohol (10.37%). Los estresores psicosociales asociados fueron los problemas relativos al grupo primario (47.8%), al ambiente social (39.1%), y problemas relacionados con la enseñanza (13%).

Ileo biliar: complicación frecuente de enfermedad litiásica vesicular / Bile ileum: report of a case

Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 50 años con un cuadro clínico sugestivo de pancreatitis aguda como resultado de enfermedad litiásica biliar. Durante su evolución presenta síntomas en relación a obstrucción intestinal. posteriormente la paciente elimina en forma espontánea un cálculo vía rectal, remitiendo los síntomas. Se procede a hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre íleo biliar y las implicancias de la demora en su diagnóstico y las consecuencias resultantes de la falta de resolución del mismo.