RESUMO
The causative agents of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds are rarely identified. The aim of this study is to add information about the etiology of avian mycobacteriosis. The identification of mycobacterium species in 27 cases of avian mycobacteriosis in pet birds was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a rRNA hypervariable region. Avian mycobacteriosis appeared to be an infrequent diagnosis. Interestingly, a few cases of avian mycobacteriosis were recorded in very young birds. The most commonly affected species were the canary (Serinus canarius), the Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and the red siskin (Spinus cucullatus). All but one bird were infected with Mycobacterium genavense. Mycobacterium avium was identified only in one case.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Aves , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The biological characteristics of BoHV-4 make it a good candidate as a gene delivery vector for vaccination purposes. These characteristics include little or no pathogenicity, unlikely oncogenicity, the ability to accommodate large amounts of foreign genetic material, the ability to infect several cell types from different animal species, such as sheep, goats, swine, cats, dogs, rabbits, mink, horses, turkeys, ferrets, monkeys, hamsters, rats, mice, and chickens. In this report, the feasibility to use BoHV-4 based vector in chicken was investigated. Although BoHV-4 was able to replicate, leading to a cytopathic effect in a chicken cell line and infect the chorion allantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, however it was not pathogenic even when a large dose of virus was injected into the chicken. An immune response could be produced against heterologous antigen delivered by a recombinant BoHV-4. These data suggest the feasibility of using BoHV-4 based vector for vaccination purposes in chickens.
Assuntos
Vetores Genéticos , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/genética , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinas Virais/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Embrião de Galinha , Galinhas , Membrana Corioalantoide/virologia , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Herpesvirus Bovino 4/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Fifteen strains of Avipoxvirus from different avian species were isolated and molecular biologically characterized. Most strains did not produce evident pocks on the chorioallantoic membranes of commercial and specific-pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs where, on the contrary, microscopic signs of viral growth were always detected. Polymerase chain reaction of highly conserved P4b gene was positive for all cases confirming to be a reliable diagnostic method for Avipoxvirus. Sequencing of these amplicons confirmed most strains clustered either with Fowlpox virus or with Canarypox virus whereas a possible new clade could be hypothesized for one strain from Japanese quail. Classification of Avipoxvirus strains by amplification of the newly identified locus fpv140 revealed major limitations as only five samples were positive. These results underline the importance to undertake similar studies on higher numbers of Avipoxvirus isolates and on wider genomic regions of this large viral group.