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BACKGROUND: Royal jelly, a natural product from bees' hypopharyngeal glands, is commonly used in biomedicine due to its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. The aim of this study was to compare royal jelly in free form and loaded in layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticle for the treatment of breast cancer with a focus on Th1 and T regulatory parameters in an animal model. METHODS: Nanoparticles were produced using the coprecipitation method and characterized using DLS, FTIR, and SEM techniques. Forty female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 7.5 x 105 4T1 cells and treated with royal jelly in free and nanoparticle form. Clinical signs and tumor volume were assessed weekly. The effect of royal jelly products on the serum level of IFN-γ and TGF-ß was measured by ELISA. In addition, the mRNA expression of these cytokines and Th1 and regulatory T cells' transcription factors (T-bet and FoxP3) was assessed by real-time PCR in the splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: The physicochemical analysis of nanoparticles confirmed the synthesis of LDH nanoparticles and loading of royal jelly into the LDH structures (RJ-LDH). Animal studies showed that royal jelly and RJ-LDH significantly reduced the size of tumor in BALB/c mice. Additionally, treatment with RJ-LDH significantly inhibited TGF-ß and increased IFN-γ production. The data also revealed that RJ-LDH inhibited the differentiation of regulatory T cells, while promoting Th1 cell differentiation via regulating their master transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that royal jelly and RJ-LDH could inhibit breast cancer progression by in-hibiting regulatory T cells and expansion of Th1 cell. Furthermore, the current study demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of royal jelly is enhanced by LDH nanoparticles; hence, RJ-LDH is significantly more efficient than Free-RJ in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Neoplasias , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Feminino , Animais , Abelhas , Camundongos , Células Th1 , Ácidos Graxos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
In this study, based on the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance theory of autism, the time window of GABA switch, the role of K-Cl co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in adjustment GABA switch, and brain permeability to erythropoietin (EPO), the effects of postnatal -EPO and- nano- erythropoietin (NEPO) have been evaluated in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. The VPA was administered for animal modeling of autism at gestational day (GD) 12.5 (600 mg/kg). Male offsprings were injected with EPO and NEPO in a clinically proper postnatal dosing regimen on postnatal days (PND) 1-5, and autistic-like behaviors were tested at the end of the first month. Then animals were sacrificed, and neuron morphology and KCC2 expression were examined by Nissl staining and Western blot. According to our findings, high-dose NEPO improved autism-associated phenotypes. Neuroprotective effects of EPO and NEPO have been shown in the hippocampus. Postnatal NEPO treatment reversed KCC2 expression abnormalities induced by prenatal VPA. Our results might support the role of KCC2 in ASD and the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance hypothesis. We suggested Nano- erythropoietin and other KCC2 interventions as a new approach to the early treatment and prevention of autism.
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Transtorno Autístico , Eritropoetina , Hipocampo , Simportadores , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Transtorno Autístico/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno Autístico/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Autístico/metabolismo , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/uso terapêutico , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismo , Simportadores/metabolismo , Simportadores/farmacologia , Simportadores/uso terapêutico , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Eritropoetina/farmacologia , Eritropoetina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Nanofibers are a class of nanomaterial with specific physicochemical properties and characteristics making them quite sought after and investigated by researchers. Lipopeptide biosurfactant (LPB) formulation properties were previously established in wound healing. LPB were isolated from in vitro culture of Acinetobacter junii B6 and loaded on nanofibers formulation produced by electrospinning method with different ratios of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Poloxamer. Numerous experimental control tests were carried out on formulations, including physicochemical properties which were evaluated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), morphology study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal stability. The best nanofibers formulation was obtained by the electrospinning method, with a voltage of 19.8 volts, a discharge capacity of 1cm/h, a cylindrical rotating velocity of 100rpm, and a needle interval of 7cm from the cylinder, which continued for 7hours. The formulation contained 2% (w/v) CMC, 10% (w/v) poloxamer, 9% (w/v) PVA, and 5% (w/v) LPB. This formula had desirable physicochemical properties including spreadability, stability, and uniformity with the particle size of about 590nm.
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The aim of the present work was the preparation of Li/Al nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) for the controlled release of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPAM). The role of lemon and egg white extracts as oxidation agents were investigated for the morphology and particle size of the products. GOQDs were synthesized using green, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective precursors. This work demonstrates that Li/Al NPs functionalized with graphene oxide as a nanolayer structure can be used as efficient nanocarriers for loading and delivery of CPAM as water-insoluble aromatic drugs The final products were identified with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy nitrogen adsorption [i.e. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis] techniques. The calibration curve for Li/Al nanoparticles functionalized with GOQDs for controlled released of CPAM was calculated as y = 0.0137x + 0.0103 with R2 = 0.9995. The data found through BET and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis using the adsorption/desorption isotherm method demonstrated by total pore volumes and dead volume were calculated respectively as 0.162 nm2 , 0.0439 cm3 g-1 . The mean pore diameter was calculated as 20.33 nm using BET isotherm data.
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Nanoestruturas , Pontos Quânticos , Clorfeniramina , Grafite , Lipossomos , TensoativosRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders. One of the important metabolic complications in diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer syndrome, which causes delayed and abnormal healing of the wound. The formulation of nanoscaffolds containing cod liver oil by altering the hemodynamic balance toward the vasodilators state, increasing wound blood supply, and altering plasma membrane properties, namely altering the membrane phospholipids composition, can be effective in wound healing. In this study, electrospinning method was used to produce poly lactic acid/chitosan nanoscaffolds as a suitable bio-substitute. After preparing the nanoscaffolds, the products were characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also optical properties of polymer and comparison between adsorption between single polymer and polymer-drug calculated with UV-Vis spectra. The structure and functional groups of the final products were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) as elemental analysis. The results showed that the optimum formulation of cod liver oil was 30%, which formed a very thin fiber that rapidly absorbed to the wound and produced significant healing effects. According to the results, poly lactic acid/chitosan nanoscaffolds containing cod liver oil can be a suitable bio-product to be used in treating the diabetic foot ulcer syndrome.
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Óleo de Fígado de Bacalhau , Pé Diabético/patologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Nanoestruturas/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Quitosana/química , Óleo de Fígado de Bacalhau/química , Óleo de Fígado de Bacalhau/farmacocinética , Óleo de Fígado de Bacalhau/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Masculino , Poliésteres/química , RatosRESUMO
Hydrogen is one of the most promising candidates for fulfilling the next energy demands in transportation, aerospace, heating, and power generation. Due to its highly explosive nature, hydrogen leakage sensors are considered a critical industrial need. We propose a room-temperature, high-sensitivity hydrogen sensor using oxygen defect-induced plasmonic features. The proposed sensing probe utilizes nanostructured α-MoO3 thin film as the sensing material in which free carriers and plasmonic properties are induced in response to hydrogen exposure. A notable blue spectral shift of 70.6 nm is observed in response to hydrogen gas exposure from 150 ppm to 2000 ppm, which confirms the sensor's capability for efficient detection of low hydrogen concentrations. The sensor's sensitivity, linearity, and reversibility are experimentally investigated through a simple optical setup.
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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the main derivatives of cellulose and is used as a drug carrier for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, imaging in vivo, and biological applications. Encapsulation is a technology in which target compounds are coated with wall compounds to form microcapsules. This study reports a new chemical processing wet method for precipitation and encapsulation of strontium nanoparticles (Sr NPs) within CMC structures using a sonochemical method. Preparation parameters such as microwave power and irradiation time as well as morphology and particle size of Sr NPs were also investigated. Products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. In this study, CMC was used as a biological stabilizer in a retentive phase to encapsulate Sr NPs. For the first time, Sr NPs were synthesized using CMC in a cost-effective, simple, fast, micellation-assisted, ultrasound method. Sr NPs were encapsulated in green capping agent structures of either 1%, 2% or 3% weight to provide an efficient optical nanostructure with a high yield at wavelengths 200-700 nm for use in in vivo imaging studies.
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Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/química , Química Verde , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Estrôncio/química , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
In this study, for the first time, calcium oxide (CaO)/polylactic acid nanoscaffolds were synthesized by co-precipitation assistant reverse micelles method. The physical and chemical (physicochemical) properties of the structures as dental resin composites were also studied. Nanocomposite materials as primary and basic dental compounds can be conveniently applied as dental filling materials with a high esthetic quality. In this research nanoscaffolds act as a bed for nanoparticles and improve the mechanical and chemical (mechanochemical) properties, CaO nanoparticles were loading in polylactic acid nanoscaffold as a bioactivity polymer for usage in the dental resin composites. Mechanical properties of the dental resin composite containing CaO/polylactic acid nanoscaffold were calculated: the flexural strength (137.2 MPa), modulus (12.9GPa) and compressive strength (344.2 MPa). Potential of the basic nanoparticle and the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the size of the optimized nanostructures was about 85 to 120 nm. According to TGA results of polylactic acid nanofibers with thermal stability below 300°C these high thermal stability materials can be used as dental resin composites.
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Resinas Acrílicas/química , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Resinas Compostas/química , Nanocompostos/química , Óxidos/química , Poliuretanos/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Poliésteres , Propriedades de Superfície , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Oral lesions are a common clinical symptom arising from various etiologies and disrupt the patient's quality of life. However, no definite treatment is not yet possible, due to the constantly changing environment of the mouth. In recent years, herbal treatments have gained popularity among patients and physicians due to their availability, safety, affordability, and antimicrobial properties. This research aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of a nano-emulsion of Plantago major standardized extract (PMSE) on oral ulcers in a Wistar rat model using histomorphometry and stereological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 72 Wistar rats divided randomly into 24 groups of 3 each: groups A1 to A4 received one dose to 4 doses of 5% PMSE nano emulsion, groups B1 to B4 received one dose to 4 doses of 10% PMSE nano emulsion, and groups C1 to C4 received one dose to 4 doses of 20% PMSE nano emulsion, groups D1 to D4 received one dose to 4 doses of nano-emulsion without PMSE, groups E1 to E4 received one dose to 4 doses of PMSE, and group F served as the control group. An incision measuring 2 mm in diameter was made in the animals' hard palate using a biopsy punch. A swab containing the necessary material was used to administer the medication orally to the wound. Histological samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 and sent to the pathology laboratory for examination. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and setting statistical significance at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Group A showed a high rate of complete and normal re-epithelialization of the wound at 66.7%, compared to the other groups. Group D had a re-epithelialization rate of 50%, while groups C, E, and F had rates of 7.41% and group B had 7.16%. In terms of inflammation reduction, 23.88% of group A had no inflammation, a higher percentage compared to the other groups. Group B and D had no inflammation in 3.33% of cases, lower than the other groups. The study evaluated frequency of re-epithelialization and inflammation levels in different groups on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 after four doses of the drug with no significant differences found among the groups. CONCLUSION: None of the nano emulsions or PMSE enhanced the healing rate of oral ulcers. However, a 5% PMSE nano emulsion displayed an increase in lesion re-epithelialization.
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Modelos Animais de Doenças , Emulsões , Extratos Vegetais , Plantago , Ratos Wistar , Cicatrização , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantago/química , Úlceras Orais/tratamento farmacológico , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Since the drug resistance in Candida species is becoming a serious clinical challenge, novel alternative therapeutic options, particularly herbal medicine, have attracted increasing interest. This study aimed to pinpoint the potential antifungal activity of crocin (Cro), the efficacy of the niosomal formulation of Cro (NCro), and the synergistic activity of both formulations in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: NCro was formulated using the heating method. The in vitro antimycotic activity of Cro, NCro, and FLC was evaluated. Checkerboard and isobologram assays evaluated the interaction between both formulations of Cro and FLC. Necrotic and apoptotic effects of different agents were analyzed using the flow cytometry method. In silico study was performed to examine the interactions between Lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase and Cro as a part of our screening compounds with antifungal properties. RESULTS: NCro exhibited high entrapment efficiency up to 99.73 ± 0.54, and the mean size at 5.224 ± 0.618 µm (mean ± SD, n = 3). Both formulations of Cro were shown to display good anticandidal activity against isolates. The synergistic effect of the NCro in combination with FLC is comparable to Cro (P-value =0.03). Apoptotic indicators confirmed that tested compounds caused cell death in isolates. The docking study indicated that Cro has interactivity with the protein residue of 14α-demethylase. CONCLUSION: The results showed a remarkable antifungal effect by NCro combined with FLC. Natural compounds, particularly nano-sized carrier systems, can act as an effective therapeutic option for further optimizing fungal infection treatment.
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Antifúngicos , Candida albicans , Carotenoides , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Fluconazol , Lipossomos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Humanos , Simulação por Computador , Candidíase/tratamento farmacológico , Candidíase/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica/efeitos dos fármacos , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite ample evidence of the potential protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on the developing brain, no study has addressed the effects of postnatal EPO on behaviors and brain tissue of animal models of autism. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effects of postnatal erythropoietin on stereotypic behaviors and astrocyte responses via glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) immunohistochemistry in a valproic acid (VPA) animal model of autism. Also, we compared the effects of EPO with EPO-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NEPO) because the blood-brain barrier has limited permeability to EPO. METHODS: Pregnant rats received a single dose of VPA (600 mg/kg) at gestational day 12.5. EPO (2000 U/kg) and EPO-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (NEPO1000 and 2000 U/kg) were injected intraperitoneally from postnatal days 1-5. Repetitive behaviors in male offspring were assessed by a marble burying test. The immune-staining method was performed to evaluate S100B and GFAP-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS: VPA animal models revealed more repetitive behavior and displayed higher astrogliosis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (CA1) regions. The repetitive behaviors were ameliorated relatively in VPA groups with NEPO2000 treatment, and astrogliosis was reduced even when VPA rats were treated with a lower dosage of NEPO. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate beneficial effects of postnatal NEPO exposure in the VPA animal model of autism, which proposes it as an early treatment in infants with, or at risk of, autism.
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Transtorno Autístico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Gravidez , Feminino , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Humanos , Ácido Valproico/farmacologia , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Autístico/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno Autístico/tratamento farmacológico , Astrócitos , Gliose , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Região CA1 Hipocampal , Comportamento AnimalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nanoemulsions are promising drug delivery systems for topical application owing to the high transdermal penetration. OBJECTIVE: Due to the side effects of existing anti-inflammatory drugs, much attention has been paid to natural products such as flavonoids. The aim of this work was to formulate luteolin nanoemulsion (LNE) and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. METHODS: LNE was prepared using the low-energy spontaneous emulsion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The anti-inflammatory effect of LNE was assessed in formalin and acetic acid-induced inflammation methods (Whittle test). Treatment with LNE (i.p, 4 consecutive days, 40 mg/kg) was compared with diclofenac 25 mg/kg and normal saline. In the formalin test, data were recorded at 1, 2 and 4 hours after formalin injection and in the Wittle test, the extent of Evans blue leakage in the peritoneal cavity was considered as vascular permeability. RESULTS: Formalin-induced edema decreased in the LNE group, but this reduction was not significant (p > 0.05), however, in Whittle test, both LNE and diclofenac significantly reduced Evans blue leakage compared with the group treated with acetic acid alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of LNE and give up a new platform for the design and development of bio-based carriers for more successful drug delivery.
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Diclofenaco , Nanopartículas , Animais , Diclofenaco/farmacologia , Diclofenaco/uso terapêutico , Luteolina/farmacologia , Luteolina/uso terapêutico , Azul Evans , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais , Emulsões/químicaRESUMO
Leishmaniasis as a widespread neglected vector-borne protozoan disease is a major public health concern in endemic areas due to 12 million people affected worldwide and 60,000 deaths annually. Several problems and side effects in using current chemotherapies leads to progression of new drug delivery systems against leishmaniasis. For instance, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) so-called anionic clays due to their proper characteristics, have been considered recently. In the present study, LDH nanocarriers were prepared using co-precipitation method. Then, the intercalation reactions with amphotericin B were conducted via indirect ion exchange assay. Finally, after characterization of prepared LDHs, the anti-leishmanial effects of Amp-Zn/Al-LDH nanocomposites against Leishmania major were evaluated using an in vitro and in silico model. According to results, current study demonstrated that Zn/Al-NO3 LDH nanocarriers can be used as a new promising delivery system by intercalating amphotericin B into its interlayer space for leishmaniasis treatment by eliminating the L. major parasites by remarkable immunomodulatory, antioxidant and apoptotic effects.
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In this study, arsenic nanoparticles containing folic acid (FA@As NPs) were synthesized by microwave irradiating a mixture of As2O3 and sodium borohydride solution in the presence of folic acid. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared NPs were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Antioxidant activities, hemocompatibility, and cytotoxic effects of the prepared NPs were then evaluated. The attained results showed that the hexagonal FA@As NPs have a size range between 12.8 nm and 19.5 nm. The DPPH scavenging activity of FA@As NPs was found to be significantly greater than that of As NPs at concentrations ranging from 40 µg/mL to 2560 µg/mL (p<0.05). The hemolytic test confirmed that the measured hemolysis percentage (HP) for FA@As NPs and As NPs was 0% at concentrations between 20 to160 µg/mL, and for FA@As NPs, the measured HP was not significantly higher than As NPs at concentrations higher than 320 µg/mL (p>0.05). The necessary concentration for the death of half of the cells (IC50) for MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HUVEC cells treated (24 h) with FA@As NPs was measured to be 19.1±1.3 µg/mL, 15.4±1.1 µg/mL, and 16.8±1.2 µg/mL, respectively. However, further investigations are necessary to clarify the mechanisms behind the biological activities of FA@As NPs.
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According to the favorable antitumor properties of selenium, this study aimed to design a novel form of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) functionalized with chitosan (Cs) and sialic acid to assess their antitumor effects on the human glioblastoma cell lines (T98 and A172). Se NPs were synthesized in the presence of chitosan and ascorbic acid (Vc) and the synthesis conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Se NPs@Cs were obtained with a monoclinic structure with an average diameter of 23 nm under the optimum conditions (reaction time = 30 min, chitosan concentration = 1 % w/v, Vc/Se molar ratio = 5). To modify Se NP@Cs for glioblastoma treatment, sialic acid was used to cover the surface of the NPs. Sialic acid was successfully attached to the surface of Se NPs@Cs, and Se NPs@Cs-sialic acid were formed in the size range of 15-28 nm. Se NPs@Cs-sialic acid were stable for approximately 60 days at 4 â. The as-synthesized NPs exerted inhibitory effects on T98 greater than 3 T3 > A172 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, sialic acid ameliorated the blood biocompatibility of Se NPs@Cs. Taken together, sialic acid improved both the stability and biological activity of Se NPs@Cs.
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Antineoplásicos , Quitosana , Glioblastoma , Nanopartículas , Selênio , Humanos , Selênio/farmacologia , Selênio/química , Quitosana/química , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Nanopartículas/químicaRESUMO
The hydroxyapatite/glycyrrhizin/lithium-based metal-organic framework (HA/GL/Li-MOF) nanocomposites were synthesized via the hydrothermal method in the presence of lecithin and glycyrrhizin. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were applied for characterization of the fabricated nanocomposites. The HA/GL/Li-MOF and Li-MOF nanocomposites were employed as support for immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL). The Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were used for screening and optimizing of variables affecting the immobilization conditions, respectively. The optimum specific activity of immobilized TLL on HA/GL/Li-MOF and Li-MOF nanocomposites (41.8 ± 1.2 U/mg and 39.4 ± 3.1 U/mg, respectively) was predictably determined at support concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, glutaraldehyde concentration of 5 mM, and enzyme activity of 20 U/mg, while the specific activities of TLL@ HA/GL/Li-MOF and TLL@Li-MOF were experimentally found to be 39.5 ± 3.7 U/mg and 38.5 ± 2.3 U/mg, respectively. The stability results showed that the TLL@ HA/GL/Li-MOF has suitable stability against pH and thermal denaturation. However, the immobilized TLL on Li-MOF represented lower stability compared with that of the HA/GL/Li-MOF. The immobilized TLL on HA/GL/Li-MOF maintained near 70% of its original activity after 15 days' storage and during 5 runs of application. In addition, TLL@HA/GL/Li-MOF exhibited higher enzyme-substrate affinity (Km, 10.1 mM) compared to that of TLL@Li-MOF (Km, 23.4 mM). Therefore, these findings demonstrated the potential use of HA/GL/Li-MOF nanocomposites for enzyme immobilization.
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Ascomicetos , Estruturas Metalorgânicas , Nanocompostos , Durapatita , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Eurotiales , Ácido Glicirrízico , Íons , Lipase/química , LítioRESUMO
As a powerful antioxidant compound, crocin can partially protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The encapsulation of components in niosomes (non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle) as nano-sized carrier systems has been proposed as they improve the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs. Herein, the encapsulation of crocin in nano-niosomes and the effects of crocin-loaded nano-niosomes on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced damages were evaluated. Nano-niosomes containing crocin were formulated by a modified heating method and were characterized for their physicochemical characteristics. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal artery for 30 min followed by 1 or 24 h of reperfusion. Rats received an intra-arterial injection of nano-niosome-loaded crocin at the outset of reperfusion. Blood samples were taken after reperfusion to measure urea, creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The right kidney was removed for histological examination. The results showed that crocin-contain nano-niosomes have appropriate size and morphology, acceptable encapsulation efficiency, and a proper release pattern of crocin. I/R enhanced creatinine (Cr), urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels and reduced SOD activity and histological damages in the renal tissue.
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Carotenoides/farmacologia , Nefropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/administração & dosagem , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Creatinina/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Artéria Renal/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Renal/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Interlocking of intramedullary nails is a challenging procedure in orthopedic trauma surgery. Numerous methods have been described to facilitate this process. But they are exposed patient and surgical team to X-rays or involves trial and error. An accurate and non-invasive method has been provided to easily interlocking intramedullary nails. By transferring a safe visible light inside the nail, a drilling position appears which use to drilling bone toward the nail hole. The wavelength of this light was obtained from ex-vivo spectroscopy on biological tissues which has optimal transmission, reflectance, and absorption properties. Moreover, animal and human experiments were performed to evaluate performance of the proposed system. Ex-vivo performance experiments were performed successfully on two groups of cow and sheep samples. Output parameters were procedure time and drilling quality which there were significant differences between the two groups in procedure time (P < 0.05). But no significant differences were observed in drilling quality (P > 0.05). Moreover, an In-vivo performance experiment was performed successfully on a middle-aged man. To compare the provided method, targeting-arm, and free-hand techniques, two human experiments were performed on a middle-aged and a young man. The results indicate the advantage of the proposed technique in the procedure time (P < 0.05), while the drilling quality is equal to the free-hand technique (P = 0.05). Intramedullary nail holes laser indicator is a safe and accurate method that reduced surgical time and simplifies the process. This new technology makes it easier to interlocking the intramedullary nail which can have good clinical applications.
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Pinos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/métodos , Lasers , Adulto , Animais , Pinos Ortopédicos/normas , Bovinos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/instrumentação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , OvinosRESUMO
The Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2/Li-BioMOFs resin nanocomposites were prepared and introduced as a new dental resin nanocomposite. Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2/Li-BioMOFs resin nanocomposites were synthesized with individual mechanical properties in the presence of lecithin as a biostabilizer. The hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures occurred in the presence of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) root juice that acts not only as a green capping agent but also as a reductant compound with a high steric hindrance agent. Results showed that the mechanical properties of nano-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 structures with a concentration of 60 ppm Li-BioMOF were increased by â¼132.5 MPa and 11.5 GPa for the flexural and Young's modulus, respectively. Based on the optical absorption ultraviolet-visible spectrum, the HAp nanocrystallites had a direct bandgap energy of 4.2 eV. The structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of the as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized with the FT-IR (Fourier-transform infra-red), UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible) spectrums, X-ray diffraction, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) images, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is suggested that HAp structures loaded on the Li-BioMOFs are as a suitable and novel substrate which can be considered as a promising biomaterial in dental resin nanocomposites significantly improved the strength and modulus.
Assuntos
Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Glycyrrhiza/química , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Estruturas Metalorgânicas/química , Nanocompostos/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Química Verde , Lítio/química , Fenômenos Ópticos , Resinas Sintéticas/síntese químicaRESUMO
This work aimed to prepare solvent-free or green Bi2O2CO3 for quantum dot nanostructures (QDNSs) based on cellulose as a stabilizer and green capping agent to sorafenib delivery for liver targeting. Because the walnut tree is one of the most abundant trees in Iran, it was tried to synthesize Bi2O2CO3 QDNSs using a walnut skin extract. The saturation magnetization for Bi2O2CO3 QDNSs was calculated to be 68.1. Also, the size of products was measured at around 60-80 nm with the Debye-Scherrer equation. Moreover, the morphology, functional groups, and crystallography of the Bi2O2CO3 nanoparticles were investigated using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometer, and Uv-vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Bi2O2CO3 QDNSs have opto-magnetic properties and they can be suggested as the candidate materials for the sorafenib delivery on the liver tissue. The optical band gap estimated for Bi2O2CO3 QDNSs was found to be red-shift from 3.22 eV. This study suggests the preparation of the Bi2O2CO3 QDNSs based on cellulose as new opto-magnetic materials at different temperatures of 180 °C, 200 °C, 220 °C, and 240 °C for sorafenib delivery as a type of biological therapy drug.