RESUMO
We report a novel post-loading approach for constructing a multifunctional biodegradable polyacrylamide (PAA) nanoplatform for tumor-imaging (fluorescence) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This approach provides an opportunity to post-load the imaging and therapeutic agents at desired concentrations. Among the PAA nanoparticles, a formulation containing the photosensitizer, HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide-a], and the cyanine dye in a ratio of 2:1 minimized the undesirable quenching of the HPPH electronic excitation energy because of energy migration within the nanoparticles and/or Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between HPPH and cyanine dye. An excellent tumor-imaging (NIR fluorescence) and phototherapeutic efficacy of the nanoconstruct formulation is demonstrated. Under similar treatment parameters the HPPH in 1% Tween 80/5% aqueous dextrose formulation was less effective than the nanoconstruct containing HPPH and cyanine dye in a ratio of 2 to 1. This is the first example showing the use of the post-loading approach in developing a nanoconstructs for tumor-imaging and therapy.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas/síntese química , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Corantes Fluorescentes , Nanocápsulas/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Meios de Contraste/uso terapêutico , Difusão , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nanocápsulas/química , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Postoperative bleeding is a concern for all patients undergoing heart surgery, which could be due to surgical causes or coagulation disorder. The patients at risk for coagulopathy include those patients with complex or prolonged procedures, those exposed to preoperative anticoagulants and, to a lesser extent, patients with a preoperatively elevated prothrombin time and activated clotting time. However, intraabdominal bleeding after cardiac surgery is rare (0.3-2%). As the mortality rate of patients exposed to these complications is high (11-59%), timely recognition and prompt management is vital for patient's safety and for avoidance of postoperative complications. Here, we present a case of free intraabdominal hemorrhage as sequelae of pacing wire insertion in open heart surgery and its successful management.