RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in zinc deficiency (ZD) prevalence among preschool-age Mexican children, and explore differences in this trend among beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program Progresa/Oportunidades/ Prospera (CCT-POP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serum zinc information of children aged 1-4 who participa-ted in the ENN 1999, Ensanut 2006 and Ensanut 2018-19 was analyzed. ZD was categorized according to IZiNCG cutoff values. Logistic regression models were used to iden-tify personal participant characteristics associated with ZD trends, and tests for interactions between survey CCT-POP beneficiaries were applied. RESULTS: ZD decreased by 22.3 percentage points (pp) between ENN 1999 and Ensanut 2018-19; among CCT-POP beneficiaries, the decrease was 58.6 pp. Overweight was associated with higher odds of ZD (OR=2.18, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: In the last 19 years, ZD declined significantly among preschool-age Mexican children. Child beneficiaries of the social program CCT-POP showed the largest reduction of ZD.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil , Zinco , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Zinco/deficiênciaRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe trends in zinc deficiency (ZD) prevalence among preschool-age Mexican children, and explore differences in this trend among beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer program Progresa/Oportunidades/ Prospera (CCT-POP). Materials and methods: The serum zinc information of children aged 1-4 who participated in the ENN 1999, Ensanut 2006 and Ensanut 2018-19 was analyzed. ZD was categorized according to IZiNCG cutoff values. Logistic regression models were used to identify personal participant characteristics associated with ZD trends, and tests for interactions between survey CCT-POP beneficiaries were applied. Results: ZD decreased by 22.3 percentage points (pp) between ENN 1999 and Ensanut 2018-19; among CCT-POP beneficiaries, the decrease was 58.6 pp. Overweight was associated with higher odds of ZD (OR=2.18, p=0.023). Conclusions: In the last 19 years, ZD declined significantly among preschool-age Mexican children. Child beneficiaries of the social program CCT-POP showed the largest reduc- tion of ZD.
Resumen Objetivo: Describir la tendencia de la deficiencia de zinc (DZ) en niños preescolares y explorar si la tendencia fue diferente entre beneficiarios del programa de transferencia monetaria Progresa/Oportunidades/Prospera (PTM-POP). Material y métodos: Se analizó información de Zn sérico en niños de 1-4 años participantes de la ENN 1999, Ensanut 2006 y 2018-19. Se categorizó la DZ de acuerdo con los puntos de corte propuestos por el IZiNCG. Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística para identificar las características asociadas con la tendencia en la DZ y se evaluó la interacción con beneficiarios del PTM-POP. Resultados: La DZ disminuyó 22.3 puntos porcentuales (pp) entre la ENN 1999 y la Ensanut 2018-19, y disminuyó 58.6 pp entre beneficiarios del PTM-POP en el mismo periodo. El sobrepeso se asoció con mayor riesgo de DZ (RM=2.18, p=0.023). Conclusiones: La DZ disminuyó significativamente en los últimos 19 años en México. Los niños beneficiarios del PTM-POP mostraron las mayores reducciones en la DZ.