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Objective: This study aims to investigate the associations between genetic variations of pyroptosis pathway related key genes and adverse events (AEs) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood which was collected from 347 patients before CRT. Sequenom MassARRAY was used to detect the genotypes of 43 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in eight pyroptosis genes, including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-1 (CASP1), caspase-4(CASP4), caspase-5 (CASP5), caspase-11 (CASP11), gasdermin D (GSDMD), gasdermin E (GSDME) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The associations between 43 htSNPs and AEs were evaluated by the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, clinical stage, tumor grade, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), surgical procedure, and tumor location. Results: Among the 347 patients with rectal cancer underwent concurrent CRT with capecitabine after surgery, a total of 101(29.1%) occurred grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. rs11226565 (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21-0.79, P=0.008), rs579408(OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.03-2.29, P=0.034) and rs543923 (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.98, P=0.040) were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 leukopenia. One hundred and fifty-six (45.0%) had grade ≥ 2 diarrhea, two SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥ diarrhea, including CASP11 rs10880868 (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, P=0.020) and GSDME rs2954558 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.01-2.31, P=0.050). In addition, sixty-six cases (19.0%) developed grade ≥2 dermatitis, three SNPs that significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥2 dermatitis included GSDME rs2237314 (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.83, P=0.017), GSDME rs12540919 (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, P=0.045) and NLRP3 rs3806268 (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.03-2.22, P=0.037). There was no significant difference in the association between other genetic variations and AEs of rectal cancer patients (all P>0.05). Surgical procedure and tumor location had great impacts on the occurrence of grade ≥2 diarrhea and dermatitis (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The genetic variants of CASP4, CASP11, GSDME and NLRP3 are associated with the occurrence of AEs in patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative CRT, suggesting they may be potential genetic markers in predicting the grade of AEs to achieve individualized treatment of rectal cancer.
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Dermatite , Leucopenia , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Piroptose , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Gasderminas , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Retais/genética , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Caspases/genética , Caspases/metabolismo , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Leucopenia/induzido quimicamente , Leucopenia/genética , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) combined with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods: Computer-based retrieval was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database (up to February 12th, 2021). Randomized controlled trials about endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) or PDE5i in patients with PAH were collected. The change of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) in 12-16 weeks was used as primary outcome index. Case fatality rate, worsening clinical events, WHO functional class (FC) improvement, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAE) were the key secondary outcomes indicators. STATA 16.0 software was used for network meta-analysis, and the pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the results were shown. To help explain ORs and WMDs, we used the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to calculate the probability of each intervention. Results: We included 29 trials with 5 949 participants. In network meta-analysis, Bosentan combined with Sildenafil (WMD=53.93, 95%CI=6.19-101.66) had shown the greatest improvement in 6MWD compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan combined with Tadalafil (WMD=50.84, 95%CI=7.05-94.62), Ambrisentan combined with Tadalafil (WMD=46.67, 95%CI=15.88-77.45), Bosentan (WMD=29.44, 95%CI=5.86-53.02), Ambrisentan (WMD=23.90, 95%CI=0.31-47.48) and Macitentan (WMD=21.57, 95%CI=2.45-40.69). According to SUCRA, the effects of different intervention measures on improving 6MWD in patients with arterial pulmonary hypertension were as follows: Bosentan+Sildenafil (82.9%)>Bosentan+Tadalafil (78.4%)>Ambrisentan+Tadalafil (77.1%)>Bosentan (49.2%)>Sildenafil (48.5%)>Ambrisentan (40.3%)>Macitentan (37.3%)>Tadalafil (33.0%)>Placebo (3.3%). For the WHO functional class, Sildenafil (OR=2.90, 95%CI=1.04-8.08) was optimal compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan (OR=2.15, 95%CI=1.15-4.04), and there was no significant difference in the rest. For clinical worsening, Bosentan combined with Tadalafil (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.01-0.49) performed best compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan (OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.11-0.38), Bosentan combined with Sildenafil (OR=0.21, 95%CI=0.09-0.46), Ambrisentan combined with Tadalafil (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.15-0.50), Sildenafil (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.17-0.66) and Tadalafil (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.21-0.90). There was no statistical difference between all interventions and placebo in terms of the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. For case fatality rate, Ambrisentan (OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.11-0.74) was statistically superior to placebo and there was no statistics difference in the rest. Conclusions: The combination therapy of ERAs and PDE5i performed well in the short-term improvement of motor function. Furthermore, there was no significant difference with monotherapy in terms of safety. However, it is worth emphasizing that the choice of treatment should be based on the patient's individualized situation and the patient's requirements.
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Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Bosentana , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Endotelina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Metanálise em Rede , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The superposition of the frequency dispersions of the structural α relaxation determined at different combinations of temperature T and pressure P while maintaining its relaxation time τα(T, P) constant (i.e., isochronal superpositioning) has been well established in molecular and polymeric glass-formers. Not known is whether the frequency dispersion or time dependence of the faster processes including the caged molecule dynamics and the Johari-Goldstein (JG) ß relaxation possesses the same property. Experimental investigation of this issue is hindered by the lack of an instrument that can cover all three processes. Herein, we report the results from the study of the problem utilizing molecular dynamics simulations of two different glass-forming metallic alloys. The mean square displacement ãΔr2tã, the non-Gaussian parameter α2t, and the self-intermediate scattering function Fsq,t at various combinations of T and P were obtained over broad time range covering the three processes. Isochronal superpositioning of ãΔr2tã, α2t, and Fsq,t was observed over the entire time range, verifying that the property holds not only for the α relaxation but also for the caged dynamics and the JG ß relaxation. Moreover, we successfully performed density ρ scaling of the time τα2,maxT,P at the peak of α2t and the diffusion coefficient D(T, P) to show both are functions of ργ/T with the same γ. It follows that the JG ß relaxation time τß(T, P) is also a function of ργ/T since τα2,maxT,P corresponds to τß(T, P).
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Young sexual minority women (SMW) report worse sexual health outcomes in comparison to their heterosexual peers. One potential reason for this disparity could be SMW's lack of access to accurate and appropriate sexual health information. Many sexual minority youth report school-based sexual health curricula to be less useful than do heterosexual youth. As such, SMW may be more likely to seek sexual health information online. However, not all online sexual health information is relevant to the health needs of young SMW, and resources targeting SMW have been found to be lower in quality. Understanding more about how young SMW navigate and evaluate online sexual health resources is necessary to better identify their pathways of access to information. The current qualitative study addresses this issue through analyzing data from a series of focus groups with young SMW on their experiences of evaluating online sexual health information. The primary findings indicate that the young SMW in the current sample employ an extensive filtering system to identify the quality of any particular resource, and the criteria for these systems differ depending upon whether participants were seeking personal narratives or evidence-based information. Implications for sexual health information communication and interactions with healthcare providers are addressed.
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Saúde Sexual , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Adolescente , Feminino , Heterossexualidade , Humanos , Comportamento Sexual , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health threat. A hospital in Zhuhai adopted several measures in Fever Clinic Management (FCM) to respond to the outbreak of COVID-19. FCM has been proved to be effective in preventing nosocomial cross infection. Faced with the emergency, the hospital undertook creative operational steps in relation to the control and spread of COVID-19, with special focuses on physical and administrative layout of buildings, staff training and preventative procedures. The first operational step was to set up triaging stations at all entrances and then complete a standard and qualified fever clinic, which was isolated from the other buildings within our hospital complex. Secondly, the hospital established its human resource reservation for emergency response and the allocation of human resources to ensure strict and standardised training methods through the hospital for all medical staff and ancillary employees. Thirdly, the hospital divided the fever clinic into partitioned areas and adapted a three-level triaging system. The experiences shared in this paper would be of practical help for the facilities that are encountering or will encounter the challenges of COVID-19, i.e. to prevent nosocomial cross infection among patients and physicians.
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Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Arquitetura Hospitalar/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , COVID-19 , China/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/organização & administração , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/normas , Febre/diagnóstico , Febre/etiologia , Febre/terapia , Arquitetura Hospitalar/normas , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Ensino , Fatores de Tempo , Triagem/métodos , Ventilação/normas , Fluxo de Trabalho , Recursos Humanos/organização & administração , Recursos Humanos/normasRESUMO
Oxidored-nitro domain-containing protein 1 (NOR1) is a tumor suppressor downregulated in various human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lung cancer, and testicular cancer. NOR1 protein is highly expressed in the normal brain; however, its role in brain tumors remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the NOR1 protein level was decreased in glioma tissue samples as compared to its normal counterpart. Exogenously expressed NOR1 protein in glioma U251 cells inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Re-expression of NOR1 induced cell cycle S to G2 phase arrest and suppressed its tumorigenicity in nude mice. Overexpression of NOR1 in U251 cells also led to a decrease of Ki67 expression in xenografts. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that NOR1 expression altered the expression of genes favored cell proliferation. Among the differentially expressed genes, FOXR2, a member of the FOX gene family, which promotes glioma progression, was decreased in NOR1 expressing cells. The downregulation of FOXR2 by NOR1 was validated in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest for the first time that NOR1 suppresses glioma progression via modulating the FOXR2 expression.
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Glioma , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Neoplasias Testiculares , Animais , Apoptose , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioma/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/fisiologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Invasividade NeoplásicaRESUMO
Hypertension is a kind of chronic cardiovascular system disease caused by a series of factors and carriers dysfunction, which belongs to the category of Tibetan medicine "Chalong disease", and has a high rate of disability and mortality. Zuomua Decoction is a classical Tibetan medicine for Chalong disease, but its mechanism is not clear. Therefore, in this paper we explored the multi-components, multi-targets and multi-channels mechanism of Zuomua Decoction in the treatment of hypertension based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. First of all, the chemical components of Zuomua Decoction were obtained in the retrieval of traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database(TCMSP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang database. The potential targets of Zuomua Decoction were predicted by BATMAN-TCM database, and the targets of hypertension were obtained by using DisGeNET database. The intersection of these two targets set was taken to obtain the potential targets of Zuomua Decoction in the treatment of hypertension, and then the chemical compositions-targets network was constructed. Secondly, the intersection targets were imported into STRING database to obtain the interaction relationship of intersection targets, and the protein interaction network of Zuomua Decoction in the treatment of hypertension was constructed in Cytoscape. Topological, GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to construct the key targets-signal pathways-biological processes network diagram and explore the mechanism of Zuomua Decoction in the treatment of hypertension. Finally, the key targets were selected to construct the pharmacodynamic identification models to verify the effect mode of Zomua Decoction in treating hypertension. The results showed that there were 61 chemical components and 90 potential targets in the compounds-targets network. We obtained 21 key targets, 154 signal pathways, and 382 biological processes in topological, GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis of the protein interaction network, and in the comprehensive analysis, it was found that Zuomua Decoction could reduce blood pressure by regulating renin angiotension aldosterone system, balancing the concentration of intracellular calcium and sodium ions and regulating vasoconstriction and relaxation. ACE, AGTR1, and ADRB2 were used as the carriers for molecular docking study on the components of Zuoma Decoction, and the results showed that the chemical components of Zuomua Decoction had a good binding activity with key targets. The purpose of this study is to provide ideas for the in-depth study of Zuoma Decoction in the treatment of hypertension, and provide scientific basis for its clinical rational application.
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Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Hipertensão , Anti-Hipertensivos , China , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional Tibetana , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , TecnologiaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of oral nattokinase (NK) in the reduction of common carotid artery intimal medial thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid artery plaque size and in lowering blood lipids, and to explore the underlying mechanism of actions of NK and its potential clinical use. Methods: All enrolled patients were from the Out-Patient Clinic of the Department of TCM at the 3(rd) Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Using randomised picking method, all patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, NK and Statin (ST) group. NK Group-patients were given NK at a daily dose of 6 000 FU and ST Group-patients were treated with statin (simvastatin 20 mg) daily. The treatment course was 26 weeks. CCA-IMT, carotid plaque size and blood lipid profile of the patients were measured before and after treatment. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled in the study and 76 patients (NK 39, ST 37) completed the study. Following the treatments for 26 weeks, there was a significant reduction in CCA-IMT and carotid plaque size in both groups compared with the baseline before treatment. The carotid plaque size and CCA-IMT reduced from(0.25±0.12)cm(2) to (0.16±0.10)cm(2) and from (1.13±0.12)mm to (1.01±0.11)mm, repectively. The reduction in the NK group was significantly profound (P<0.01, 36.6% reduction in plaque size in NK group versus 11.5% change in ST group). Both treatments reduced total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). While the reduction in both groups was shown to be statistically significant (P<0.01), the reduction of TC, LDL-C and TG in ST group was significantly greater (P<0.05). In addition, NK significantly increased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05), in contrast, HDL-C in the ST group did not change. The lipid lowering effect observed in the NK group was not correlated to the reduction of CCA-IMT and carotid artery plaque size (r=0.35, P=0.09). Conclusions: Our findings from this pioneer clinical study suggests that daily NK supplementation is an effective way to manage the progression of atherosclerosis and potentially may be a better alternative to statins which are commonly used to reduce atherosclerosis and further to prevent cardiovascular attack and stroke in patients. The mechanism underlying the reduction of carotid atherosclerosis by NK may be independent from its lipid-lowering effect, which is different from that of statins.
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Doenças das Artérias Carótidas , Hiperlipidemias , Aterosclerose , Artérias Carótidas , Artéria Carótida Primitiva , Humanos , SubtilisinasRESUMO
Objectives: To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on airway inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthma mouse model and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four equal groups: normal control group, OVA-induced asthmatic model group, hUC-MSCs treated group (50 µl of hUC-MSCs was transplanted into the trachea of asthmatic mice ) and hUC-MSCs control group (50 µl of hUC-MSCs was transplanted into the trachea of control mice). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord of healthy new born babies were used as the source of hUC-MSCs for this study. The asthmatic conditions of the airways and the lungs were assessed by examining: (1) histopathological changes of the airways and the lungs; (2) expression of cytokines IL-6 and TGF-ß mRNA by real-time PCR; (3) total leukocytes and mast cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and number of IL-17-expressing CD4(+) cells (Th17 cells) in the lung tissue using flow cytometry. Results: Typical histopathological changes of asthma were confirmed in the asthmatic model group. These changes included intensive inflammatory cell infiltration around the airways and patchy airway occlusion by hyperviscous mucus. The number of total leukocytes and mast cells in BALF were significantly increased in the asthmatic mice when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Mice in the asthmatic model group had significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells in lung tissues when compared with the control group (2.90% vs 0.76%, P<0.05). In contrast, in the asthmatic mice treated with hUC-MSCs, the inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced compared with asthmatic mice, as observed by significantly lower leukocytes and mast cells in BALF (P<0.05) and significant reduction in the percentage of Th17 cells in the lung of OVA-challenged mice following hUC-MSCs treatment (percentage of Th17 cells: 0.24% vs 2.90%, P<0.05). The expression of mRNA for IL-6 and TGF-ß was significantly suppressed in the hUC-MSCs treatment group (0.23 vs 2.30 and 0.56 vs 6.60, both P<0.01). No asthmatic pathological changes in both normal and hUC-MSCs control groups were observed. Conclusions: hUC-MSCs significantly inhibit the airway inflammation in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. This inhibition is associated with the suppression of Th17 cells and the down-regulation of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TGF-ß in the lungs.
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Asma , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade , Inflamação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , OvalbuminaRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of the study was to develop a multiplex real-time PCR method to identify Campylobacter jejuni containing mutations commonly associated with macrolide resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A multiplex fluorescence real-time PCR assay was developed based on TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes. The VS1-MGB probe was designed based on the VS1 gene and was used to identify Camp. jejuni. The 23S rDNA-MGB probe was designed to distinguish macrolide resistance mutations in 23S rDNA, while 57D-MGB and 74D-MGB were designed to detect resistance mutations in ribosomal protein L4. The specificity and accuracy of our method were identical to the conventional biochemical tests, mapA PCR, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and DNA sequencing. The linear detection limit of the method was 0·03 ng genomic DNA and three colony formation unit (CFU) per reaction. In 6 of 18 cases, the nature of Erythromycin resistance could be correctly determined from natural isolates; absence of the tested mutations was demonstrated in the remaining four resistant isolates. CONCLUSIONS: A multiplex TaqMan MGB real-time PCR assay with high specificity and accuracy was developed to simultaneously identify Camp. jejuni and detect the gene mutations associated with macrolide resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This multiplex method can potentially simplify the identification of Camp. jejuni and determine macrolide resistance due to mutations in 23S rDNA or ribosomal protein L4. This method has a potential for application in different research areas and molecular surveillance.
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Campylobacter jejuni/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Mutação Puntual , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
To meet the increasing and various demands for low magnetic field measurement, an open magnetic shielding system created using a combination of copper coils and precisely designed superconducting closed coils is proposed. After testing, the prototype system showed a shielding factor of more than 10 000 in the direct current field and most importantly, a shielding factor of at least 100 in the alternating field from frequencies of 0.01-100 Hz in a 5 cm spherical volume. We interestingly found that the magnetic purity of the open system is capable of catching up with the magnetically shielded room with moderate performance. The structure and principle of the system are introduced in this paper. A key factor that makes the system possible is the decoupled interaction between the copper coils and superconducting coils. The limitations of this system and ways to improve its performance are discussed. This novel approach provides a more sophisticated and flexible way to achieve open magnetic shielding.
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Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the Autonomous Dental Implant Robotic System (ADIR) in vivo through animal experiments. Methods: Nine canine models with bilateral mandibular premolars loss were prepared. Two implants were placed in each side of canine's mandibular edentulous area. On each side, the two implants were completed by ADIR (robot group) and one experienced doctor using digital full-guided plate (guide template group) respectively. After the operation, the deviation between the actual implant position and the planned position was evaluated. The primary stability of the implant was measured, and the results of the robot group and the guide template group were statistically analyzed. Results: ADIR could successfully place implant for missing teeth in animals, and the coronal deviation, apical deviation and angular deviation [M(Q)] were 0.269 (0.152) mm, 0.254 (0.218) mm and 0.989° (0.517°) respectively, which were significantly lower than those of guide template group [the coronal deviation, apical deviation and angular deviation were 0.910 (0.872) mm, 1.179 (1.176) mm and 4.209°(5.208°) respectively] (P<0.05). Besides, there was no significant difference in the primary stability of the implant between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: This study confirmed the accuracy of the ADIR in vivo, and laid a foundation for further clinical trials.
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Experimentação Animal , Implantes Dentários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Robótica , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Animais , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Implantação Dentária EndósseaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are among the biggest global public health challenges, and overlap widely. These infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, put pressure on health systems, and incur rising direct and indirect costs. AIM: This study analysed the direct medical burden attributable to AMR-HAIs in Chinese public tertiary hospitals, and aimed to inform both the medical regulators and hospital managers for better control of HAIs and containment of AMR. METHODS: The propensity score matching method (γ= 0.25σ, nearest neighbor 1:1 matching) was applied to conduct a retrospective cohort study in five public tertiary hospitals in the Hubei province of China during 2013-2015. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired/independent Z/T test were conducted. The statistically significant level was set at P<0.05. FINDINGS: From 2013 to 2015 overall, the additional total medical expenditure per HAI-AMR inpatient was US$15,557.25 compared with that of the non-HAIs, and the additional length of per hospital stay of the HAI-AMR inpatient was 41 days compared with that of the non-HAIs (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In combination with AMR, HAIs caused significant additional medical expenses and affected the turnover rate of hospital beds. Most of the increased medical costs fell to patients and their families. These findings call for more effective control of HAIs and containment of AMR. A national study is needed to estimate the medical, social and economic burden of HAIs in combination with AMR.
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Infecção Hospitalar/economia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/economia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , China/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Early treatment of DKD can prevent or slow its progression. Some studies suggest that traditional risk factors such as albuminuria do not effectively predict DKD progression, and other predictors have yet to be characterized and validated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify sensitive and easily detectable biomarkers to monitor the decline in renal function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as important regulators that are ubiquitous in human tissues and bodily fluids, numerous diseases, including early DKD. Recent developments have revealed that miRNAs-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression represents an integral part of the autophagy regulatory network. In this review, we explored the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection and progression of DKD. We also examined some of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs manipulate the autophagic machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis during DKD. A better understanding of the interaction between miRNAs and autophagy may ultimately benefit future DKD diagnosis and therapy.
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Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , MicroRNAs/genética , Autofagia , Progressão da Doença , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , HumanosRESUMO
In this study, a novel microbial fuel cell, i.e. upflow air-cathode membrane-free microbial fuel cell (UAMMFC) was reported and its performance in electricity generation from original leachate was examined. The experimental results demonstrated that the UAMMFC could continuously generate electricity from leachate (0.3V; REX=150 Omega) for an operational period of time (50 h). The maximum volumetric power reached 12.8 W/m3 at current density of 41 A/m3 (93 Omega). NH4+-N elimination from the leachate was shown to be a consequence of electrochemistry-independent oxidation occurred in the MFC. Increasing organic loading rate from 0.65 to 5.2 kgCOD/m3 d resulted in a decrease of overall Coulombic efficiency (CE) from 14.4% to 1.2%. The low CE obtained here should be attributed to severe oxygen diffusion from the open-to-air cathode.
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Ar , Eletricidade , Esgotos/microbiologia , Membrana Celular , Eletrodos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Nitrogênio/isolamento & purificação , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Our previous studies suggested that chromosome 8p deletion is associated with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which some novel metastasis suppressor genes might be harbored. The present study aimed to identify the metastatic suppressor gene(s). A cDNA chip was constructed with the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from chromosome 8p and used to compare the difference of expression profiling between the MHCC97-H and MHCC97-L cell lines with different metastatic potentials and similar genetic backgrounds. In all, 10 ESTs were significantly downregulated in MHCC97-H cell line with higher metastatic potential. One full-length gene, HTPAP (phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1B), was identified at chromosome 8p12. Sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed that HTPAP has 826 bp and encodes a putative protein of 175 amino acids with a transmembrane segment at the NH2 terminus, two protein kinase C phosphorylation site and one tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site. Its expression level in metastatic tumor tissues was much lower than that of primary HCC tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo assays suggested that HTPAP could suppress the invasion and metastasis of HCC. These suggested that HTPAP is a novel metastatic suppressor gene for HCC. The mechanism of the effect of HTPAP on HCC metastasis is not clear yet and deserves further investigation.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 8/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Fosfatidato Fosfatase/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genes Supressores de Tumor , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
In this study, the optimal fermentation type and the operating conditions of anaerobic process in continuous-flow acidogenic reactors was investigated for the maximization of bio-hydrogen production using mixed cultures. Butyric acid type fermentation occurred at pH>6, propionic acid type fermentation occurred at pH about 5.5 with E(h) (redox potential) >-278mV, and ethanol-type fermentation occurred at pH<4.5. The representative strains of these fermentations were Clostridium sp., Propionibacterium sp. and Bacteriodes sp., respectively. Ethanol fermentation was optimal type by comparing the operating stabilities and hydrogen production capacities between the fermentation types, which remained stable when the organic loading rate (OLR) reached the highest OLR at 86.1kgCOD/m(3)d. The maximum hydrogen production reached up to 14.99L/d.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Fermentação , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Esgotos/microbiologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias , Bacteroides/metabolismo , Clostridium/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Resíduos Industriais , Oxirredução , Propionibacterium/metabolismo , Eliminação de Resíduos LíquidosRESUMO
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production was carried out under various C:N ratios. A ratio of 100 resulted best polymer yield. C-source was an important factor in synthesis. For example, as the ratio of valeric acid (C5) to butyric acid (C4) in N-free medium was increased, the mole fraction of HV in the copolymer increased. When soy waste was used as a C-source a copolymer, a high HV mole fraction (HB:HV, 75:25) was produced while when malt waste was used, a much lower HV mole fraction (HB:HV, 90:10) was generated. It was concluded that activated sludge bacteria could be induced to produce PHAs using food wastes as C-sources and this could be the basis for production of biodegradable plastics.
Assuntos
Alcaligenes/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos , Fermentação , Polímeros/metabolismo , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Alcaligenes/fisiologia , Vias Biossintéticas/fisiologia , Carbono/metabolismo , Cromatografia Gasosa , Hong Kong , Nitrogênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Start-up of a continuously stirred tank reactor for bio-hydrogen production under different initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 3, 7 and 10 kgCOD/m3 d, respectively, was carried out with sewage sludge as inoculum. Molasses wastewater was used as substrate and hydraulic retention time was kept at 6 h. This study aimed to assess OLR on the formation of fermentation types and the structure of microbial communities during the start-up period. It was found that at an initial OLR of 7 kgCOD/m3 d and an initial biomass of 6.24 gVSS/L, an equilibrial microbial community of ethanol-type fermentation could be established within 30 days. The observed average specific hydrogen production rate was 276 mLH2/gVSS d, which was 40% higher than that of the one acclimated with 3 kgCOD/m3 d. Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles, significant microbial population shifts took place at the first 15 days, but a longer period up to 30 days was required to establish a microbial community with stable metabolic activity.