Quality of life in patients with slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders dependent on mechanical ventilation.

This cross-sectional study evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders dependent on mechanical ventilation (MV; ≥16 hours/day). 119 participants, with 9 years (25th-75th percentiles: 4-15 years) of MV dependence, were included. MV was applied via a tracheostomy in 80 participants (67.2%) and non-invasive interfaces in 39 participants (32.8%), including 28 participants (71.8%) with daytime mouthpiece ventilation. HRQoL was rated good or excellent by 81 participants (68.1%), independently from age, diagnosis or respiratory autonomy. On multivariate analysis, time since MV initiation, independence from family member(s), residence in a rural area, ability to go outdoors with MV and tracheostomy were associated with better HRQoL.

Development of the Transdiagnostic Skills Scale (T2S).

INTRODUCTION: Psychotherapy has proved its efficacy for treating a wide range of psychological disorders. Most types of psychotherapy have been developed to treat specific disorders and validated through controlled-randomized trials. In recent years, researchers have developed a new way to conceptualize patients' difficulties, focusing on processes instead of diagnoses. However, there is no simple scale that evaluates transdiagnostic processes, and the development of such a tool is thus the aim of this study. METHOD: We identified 12 processes that can be targeted in cognitive behavior therapy and created the Transdiagnostic Skills Scale (T2S) to evaluate them. We measured its internal consistency, factor structure and convergent validity in clinical and non-clinical samples. RESULTS: We found a 6-factor structure composed of emotion regulation, behavioral activation/planning, emotional identification, assertiveness, problem solving and emotional confrontation. The T2S has high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). We found negative associations between skills and symptoms of anxiety, depression and eating disorders. We found no association between these processes and symptoms of either alcohol or cannabis use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The T2S is a useful and valid tool to identify the skills that clinicians should work on with their patients. It offers a complementary way to understand patients' difficulties when categorical assessment is complicated.

Machine learning reveals the most important psychological and social variables predicting the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.

There is an ongoing debate about the importance and the extent to which psychological and psychopathological factors, adverse childhood experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics are associated with the development of certain types of rheumatic disease. With the aim of contributing to knowledge on the subject, the present study uses machine learning modeling to determine the importance of 20 psychological and social variables in predicting two classes of rheumatic disease: inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) (rheumatoid arthritis = RA, spondyloarthritis = SA, and Sjögren's syndrome = SS) versus non-inflammatory RMD, namely fibromyalgia = FM). A total of 165 French women with FM, RA, SA, and SS completed an inventory of personality traits, a psychopathology diagnosis questionnaire, and a fatigue/pain questionnaire. They also answered questions about adverse childhood experiences and socio-demographic characteristics. Random forest and logistic regression machine learning algorithms were used for data analysis. The main findings suggest that mistreatment during childhood ((MDA = 10.22), the agreeableness personality trait (MDA = 3.39), and somatic disorder (MDA = 3.25) are the main psychological and social predictors of the type of rheumatic disease diagnosed. The first two predictors (OR = 18.92 and OR = 6.11) are also more strongly associated with FM than with RA-SA-SS. Overall, adverse childhood experiences seem relatively more important than personality traits, psychopathological or demographic variables. The results of this study suggest that traumatic childhood experiences may lead to psychopathological disorders in adulthood, which in turn might underlie, at least in part, the development of FM. Since there are no imaging or biological markers of FM, the present findings contribute to the scientific literature offering information to help patients with FM understand their pathology. They may also provide physicians with more diagnostic information.

Sexual Addiction and Associated Factors: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation, Impulsivity, Anxiety and Depression.

The present research aimed to study the relationship between emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, anxiety, depression and sexual addiction. A survey was conducted among 398 voluntary subjects recruited online through specialized forums. The participants completed validated questionnaires. Our results showed that individuals with sexual addiction reported more difficulty regulating emotions and higher levels of impulsivity than those individuals who were not defined as having a sexual addiction. In addition, anxiety and depression were significantly associated with sexual addiction. Furthermore, anxiety and depression seemed to partially mediate the links between impulsivity, emotion dysregulation and this addiction. Finally, emotion dysregulation and impulsivity had mediating effects on the relationship between anxious-depressive affects and sexual addiction. Despite the limitations of this study, our results seem to be consistent with the literature on sexual addiction and have clinical and research implications.

A Comparative Study of Fibromyalgia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Sjögren's Syndrome; Impact of the Disease on Quality of Life, Psychological Adjustment, and Use of Coping Strategies.

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome are chronic rheumatic diseases with very different clinical characteristics, but which share symptoms such as pain and fatigue. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of the disease on psychological adaptation in fibromyalgia compared with other rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome). METHODS: In a multicenter study, 165 women with rheumatic diseases (48 with fibromyalgia, 47 with rheumatoid arthritis, 47 with spondyloarthritis, 23 with Sjögren's syndrome) completed the General Health Questionnaire-28 (emotional distress), Fatigue Severity Scale (fatigue), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (impact of the disease), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (coping), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (comorbidity with DSM IV axis-I disorders). We used the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi2 test to compare comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders and to compare the impact of the disease on patients' mental well-being and daily life and adjustment (coping strategies). RESULTS: Anxiety and depressive disorders were more common in fibromyalgia patients; they had higher scores on impact of the disease, physical symptoms, pain, and fatigue than rheumatoid arthritis patients and reported more fatigue than patients with spondyloarthritis. Overall, they used more maladaptive coping strategies (less use of distancing from pain than patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, less use of ignoring pain sensations, and more use of catastrophizing than those with rheumatoid arthritis). No differences were found between fibromyalgia and Sjögren's syndrome on impact and adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other rheumatic diseases, fibromyalgia has a greater impact on daily life; patients have more difficulty adjusting to the disease and generally use poorer strategies to cope with pain.

The effects of job demands on nurses' burnout and presenteeism through sleep quality and relaxation.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to investigate the indirect effects of emotional dissonance and workload on presenteeism and emotional exhaustion through sleep quality and relaxation. BACKGROUND: Numerous investigations have found that job demands are related to employees' health and behaviours, but additional studies are needed among nurse samples. Specifically, little is known about the relationships between nurses' emotional dissonance and workload on one hand, and presenteeism and emotional exhaustion on the other hand. Moreover, research is needed to further explore the psychological mechanisms underlying these relationships. DESIGN: We used a cross-sectional design. Our study was carried out between October 2015-February 2016. Precisely, we asked nurses from various French healthcare centres to fill out a questionnaire survey. We ensured to meticulously follow the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional research in designing and reporting this study. METHOD: An empirical study with a sample of 378 nurses was conducted. RESULTS: In line with our hypotheses, our findings revealed that emotional dissonance and workload were negatively linked to sleep quality and relaxation, which were, in turn, related to lower levels of presenteeism and emotional exhaustion. Workload and emotional dissonance were also directly and positively related to emotional exhaustion, while emotional dissonance was associated with higher levels of presenteeism. Finally, the indirect effects of emotional dissonance and workload on emotional exhaustion through sleep quality as well as the indirect effects of emotional dissonance on emotional exhaustion through relaxation were significant and positive. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results provide insight into the effects of emotional dissonance and workload on presenteeism and emotional exhaustion through recovery processes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The present findings have some practical implications for reducing nurses' emotional exhaustion and presenteeism. Specifically, managers and organisations should try to design and craft jobs to decrease the presence of negative work characteristics (i.e., workload and emotional dissonance). Our results also suggest that recovery processes may be important factors to focus on.

Food Addiction is Associated with Higher Neuroticism, Lower Conscientiousness, Higher Impulsivity, but Lower Extraversion in Obese Patient Candidates for Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The "food addiction" phenotype identifies a subpopulation of individuals experiencing substance-dependence symptoms toward specific foods. In the current debate on whether the "food addiction" phenotype should be considered as an addictive disorder, assessment of the personality traits associated with this phenotype would provide arguments for or against the "food addiction" phenotype and its inclusion in the "substance-related and addictive disorder" category. OBJECTIVES: To assess the personality characteristics associated with the "food addiction" phenotype in obesity surgery candidates (i.e., big five personality dimensions, alexithymia and impulsivity). METHODS: We assessed food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale), personality dimensions (Big Fig Inventory), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11th version) and alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 items) in 188 bariatric surgery candidates recruited between July 2013 and November 2015 in the Nutrition Department of the University Hospital of Tours. We used chi-squared tests and Student's tests or Mann-Whitney-U-tests to determine the factors associated with food addiction. RESULTS: Prevalence of current food addiction was 16.5%. Patients with (vs. without) food addiction had lower conscientiousness (p = .047), higher neuroticism and lower extraversion (ps < 0.001), but there was no difference in terms of agreeableness (p = 0.42) or openness (p = 0.16). They were more frequently single (p = .021) and reported higher alexithymia (ps < .001) and higher impulsivity sub-scores (ps<.05). Conclusions/Importance: Food addiction shares personality traits with substance-related disorders (regarding neuroticism, conscientiousness, impulsivity, alexithymia), and one distinctive trait (low extraversion). This study provides additional data that enrich the discussion on whether the "food addiction" phenotype should be included or not in the "substance-related and addictive disorder" category.

The quality of life in genetic neuromuscular disease questionnaire: Rasch validation of the French version.

INTRODUCTION: Slowly progressive, genetic neuromuscular diseases (gNMDs) often lead to important motor deficiencies and functional limitations. The Quality of Life in Genetic Neuromuscular Disease Questionnaire (QoL-gNMD) is a new health-related quality-of-life questionnaire developed for these patients. The purpose of the present study was to validate the French version of the QoL-gNMD and to calibrate its measurement system. METHODS: Both the QoL-gNMD and a validated generic questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered to patients. Validation was performed using item response theory. The partial credit model (Rasch) was used to calibrate each domain. RESULTS: Three hundred fifteen adult patients were included. All 3 domains showed adequate psychometric properties (internal consistency: person separation index >0.77; repeatability: test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75, scalability coefficient >0.38) and fitted the partial credit model. The QoL-gNMD also demonstrated adequate concurrent validity with the WHOQOL-BREF. DISCUSSION: The QoL-gNMD showed adequate psychometric properties and can be used in clinical settings. Although not anchor-based, the minimum detectable change tables help in interpreting score change. Muscle Nerve 56: 1085-1091, 2017.

Validation of the French Version of the DSM-5 Yale Food Addiction Scale in a Nonclinical Sample.

OBJECTIVE: The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the only questionnaire that assesses food addiction (FA) based on substance dependence criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Following recent updating of addiction criteria, a new DSM-5 version (YFAS 2.0) has been developed. Our study tested the psychometric properties of the French YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population. METHOD: We assessed 330 nonclinical participants for FA (French YFAS 2.0), eating behaviour, and eating disorder (Binge Eating Scale, Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised, Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). We tested the scale's factor structure (confirmatory factor analysis based on 11 diagnostic criteria), internal consistency, and construct and incremental validity. RESULTS: Prevalence of FA was 8.2%. Our results supported a 1-factor structure similar to the US version. In both its diagnostic and symptom count versions, the YFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson alpha was 0.83) and was associated with body mass index (BMI), binge eating, uncontrolled and emotional eating, binge eating disorder, and cognitive restraint. FA predicted BMI above and beyond binge eating frequency. Females had a higher prevalence of FA than males but not more FA symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We validated a psychometrically sound French version of the YFAS 2.0 in a nonclinical population, in both its symptom count and diagnostic versions. Future studies should investigate psychometric properties of this questionnaire in clinical populations potentially at risk for FA (that is, patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or other metabolic syndrome risk factors).

Major depressive disorder, personality disorders, and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify risk factors for lower quality of life (QOL) in non-metastatic breast cancer patients. METHODS: Our study included 120 patients from the University Hospital Centers of Tours and Poitiers. This cross-sectional study was conducted 7 months after patients' breast cancer diagnosis and assessed QOL (Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 = QLQ-C30), socio-demographic characteristics, coping strategies (Brief-COPE), physiological and biological variables (e.g., initial tumor severity and types of treatment received), the existence of major depressive disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and pain severity (Questionnaire de Douleur Saint Antoine). We assessed personality disorders 3 months after diagnosis (Vragenlijst voor Kenmerken van de Persoonlijkheid questionnaire). We used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors were associated with physical, emotional, and global QOL. RESULTS: Lower physical QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, younger age, a more severe initial tumor stage, and the use of the behavioral disengagement coping. Lower emotional QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame, and lower use of acceptance coping strategies. Lower global QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame, lower use of positive reframing coping strategies, and an absence of hormone therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Lower QOL scores were more strongly associated with variables related to the individual's premorbid psychological characteristics and the manner in which this individual copes with the cancer (e.g., depression, personality, and coping) than to cancer-related variables (e.g., treatment types and cancer severity). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Predictors of changes in physical, psychosocial, sexual quality of life, and comfort with food after obesity surgery: a 12-month follow-up study.

PURPOSE: Although obesity surgery provides significant postoperative improvement in quality of life (QoL), it is still unclear which factors might predict improvement in QoL after surgery. We aimed to determine which factors might predict changes in physical, psychosocial, sexual QoL, and comfort with food 12 months after surgery, by putting to the test a QoL model based on Wilson and Cleary's model. METHODS: We included 126 obese patients (48.4% had gastric banding, 34.1% had sleeve gastrectomy, and 17.5% had gastric bypass). At baseline, we assessed QoL (Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics rating scale), BMI, depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and binge eating (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh). At 12 months, we assessed QoL and BMI. To determine the predictors for changes in each QoL dimension after surgery, we used linear mixed models adjusted for preoperative age, BMI, time, type of surgery, preoperative binge eating severity, and preoperative depression severity. RESULTS: After 12 months, we found significant improvement in physical, psychosocial, sexual QoL, but not in comfort with food. Increased weight loss was associated with better improvement in physical and psychosocial QoL. Higher preoperative depression severity predicted poorer improvement in physical, psychosocial, and sexual QoL. Higher preoperative binge eating severity predicted poorer improvement in psychosocial, sexual QoL, and comfort with food. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to weight loss, preoperative levels of binge eating and depression should be considered as important predictors for QoL changes after bariatric surgery. Screening and treatment for preoperative depression and binge eating might improve QoL after bariatric surgery.

Construction of a Quality of Life Questionnaire for slowly progressive neuromuscular disease.

PURPOSE: To build a questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients suffering from slowly progressive neuromuscular disease (NMD) using item response theory (IRT). METHODS: A pool of 64 items and a validated questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered to 159 patients recruited in eight NMD referral centers. Exploratory statistical analysis included methods derived from both IRT and classical test theory. RESULTS: We constructed a questionnaire named QoL-NMD which is composed of two general items and 24 items classified in three domains: (1) "Impact of Physical Symptoms," (2) "Self-perception" and (3) "Activities and Social Participation." Each domain has good psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha > 0.77, test-retest ICC > 0.81, Loevinger's H > 0.41) and meets IRT assumptions. Comparison with the WHOQOL-BREF enabled assessing similarities and discrepancies with a generic questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study enabled the development of a new HRQL questionnaire specifically designed for slowly progressive NMD patients. The QoL-NMD is short enough to be used in clinical practice (26 items). The next steps will be to validate QoL-NMD by re-assessing psychometrics in an independent sample of patients and calibrate the IRT scoring system.

Contribution of a Cluster Approach to Identify the Profiles of Men Sentenced for Sexual Violence According to Their Risk of Reoffending.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to propose a typology of recidivism risk profiles based on the criminogenic needs of a population of men sentenced for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic, criminological, psychological, and psychiatric factors and vulnerabilities are compared. This classification will respond to the need for a better identification of the factors involved in the risk of recidivism of men sentenced for sexual violence, in order to develop more effective management. METHOD: Several psychological and psychiatric scales (personality traits, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, empathy, and psychiatric disorders) were completed by 86 men incarcerated for sexual violence. Their socio-demographic and criminological characteristics were also recorded, and the investigator rated three recidivism scales for all participants. Results: Cluster analysis led to identification of two significantly different needs groups. In contrast to the "Lower needs" profile (n = 54, 64%), the men with a "Higher needs" profile (n = 32, 36%) were significantly younger and less educated had more adult and extra-familial victims, scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness and Empathy, and presented with more past and current psychiatric disorders. DISCUSSION: The overall findings of this study are consistent with the literature on the characteristics of men sentenced for sexual violence with high needs. The assessment and management of men who have committed sexual violence must consider: criminogenic factors, which should be prioritized; past or present psychiatric disorders, which may act as acute risk factors; and non-criminogenic needs, which should not be prioritized, but which may (when linked to criminogenic needs) impact the effectiveness of management.

Determinants of the intention to use condoms in a sample of French adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants of the intention to use and actual use of condoms in a sample of French adolescents based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour. METHOD: Two-hundred-and-thirty French secondary-school students (mean age: 17.68 years; SD = 1.08) completed a questionnaire about condom use intention. RESULTS: 'Perceived behavioural control', 'individual attitudes', 'subjective socio-cultural norms' and 'subjective norms of close friends and relatives' are the main factors explaining 33% of variance of condom use intention. For girls, intention is essentially associated with perceived control, subjective norms ('close friends and relatives', and then, 'socio-cultural norms') and individual attitudes, whereas for boys, it is more closely linked to individual attitudes and to subjective socio-cultural norms. The best predictors of the intention to use a condom are perceived control and individual attitudes for girls while, for boys, individual attitudes come before perceived control. CONCLUSION: In order to design effective programmes for prevention of sexually transmitted infections, the determinants of the intention to use condoms must be considered.

Is it possible to use the HCR-20 V2 to assess the risk of violent recidivism of French offenders?

The Historical-Clinical-Risk Management Scale 20 (HCR-20) is a structured tool to assess the risk of violence and assist in its management. French professionals are reluctant to use it because only a few studies have shown its psychometric qualities with French samples. The objective of this study is to test the psychometric qualities of the HCR-20 with samples of violent detainees in France. The HCR-20 and Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) were administered to 128 violent offenders with an average age of (44.16±12.30) years. We evaluated the reliability, internal consistency and validity of the HCR-20 and conducted an exploratory factor analysis. The results show that the HCR-20 has good psychometric qualities with a sample of French prisoners. Only the Risk domain presents weak results due to the data collection locations and the participants' age. Correlations were observed between certain factors. The exploratory factor analysis shows four factors explaining 44% of the variance. The continuation of this work will enable French professionals to use sound tools to assess the risk of recidivism.

Analysis of Dp71 contribution in the severity of mental retardation through comparison of Duchenne and Becker patients differing by mutation consequences on Dp71 expression.

The presence of variable degrees of cognitive impairment, extending from severe mental retardation to specific deficits, in patients with dystrophinopathies is a well-recognized problem. However, molecular basis underlying mental retardation and its severity remain poorly understood and still a matter of debate. Here, we report one of the largest study based on the comparison of clinical, cognitive, molecular and expression data in a large cohort of 81 patients affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) bearing mutations predicted to affect either all dystrophin products, including Dp71 or all dystrophin products, except Dp71. In addition to the consistent data defining molecular basis underlying mental retardation in DMD, we show that BMD patients with MR have mutations that significantly affect Dp71 expression or with mutations located in exons 75 and 76. We also show that mutations upstream to exon 62, with DMD phenotype, predicted to lead to a loss-of-function of all dystrophin products, except Dp71 isoform, are associated, predominantly, with normal or borderline cognitive performances. Altogether, these reliable phenotype-genotype correlations in combination with Dp71 mRNA and protein expression studies, strongly indicate that loss-of-function of all dystrophin products is systematically associated with severe form of MR, and Dp71 deficit is a factor that contributes in the severity of MR and may account for a shift of 2 SD downward of the intelligence quotient.

A person-centered perspective on the factors associated with the work recovery process.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research identified profiles characterized by distinct levels of overcommitment, rumination, psychological detachment (Studies 1 and 2), and need for recovery (Study 2). This research also considers the role of hindrance demands and resources in the prediction of profile membership, and the outcomes of these profiles. METHODS: These objectives were addressed in two empirical cross-sectional studies relying on self-reported questionnaires. Study 1 relies on a convenience sample of French workers from a variety of occupations. Study 2 relies on a convenience sample of French nurses and nursing assistants. RESULTS: Latent profile analyses revealed four identical profiles in both studies (High Ability to Achieve Recovery, Moderately High Ability to Achieve Recovery, Moderately Low Ability to Achieve Recovery, and Low Ability to Achieve Recovery), accompanied by an additional (Normative) profile in Study 2. The results from both studies revealed well-differentiated outcome associations, which generally matched the theoretical desirability of the identified profiles. Likewise, hindrance demands were associated with a decreased likelihood of membership into the High Ability to Achieve Recovery profile, as well as an increased likelihood of membership into the Low Ability to Achieve Recovery profile across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Theoretical contributions and implications for practice are discussed.

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

Background: Addictive-like eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both common among persons seeking treatment for severe obesity. Given that ADHD and addictive-like eating, especially binge eating (BE) and food addiction (FA), are both strongly associated with personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation, it is possible emotional and personality characteristics contribute to the link between addictive-like eating behaviors and ADHD in people with severe obesity. This study aimed to investigate the psychological factors associated with BE and FA in bariatric surgery candidates, and to explore the mediational role of emotional factors (emotion dysregulation and alexithymia) and personality dimensions in the association between ADHD and BE. Method: Two hundred and eighty-two (n = 282) bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment (University Hospital of Tours, France). We assessed significant BE (Binge Eating Scale), probable adult ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, YFAS 2.0), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and personality dimensions (Big Five Inventory). Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Results: Prevalence of probable adult ADHD, significant BE and FA were 8.2, 19.1, and 26.6%, respectively. Participants who screened positive for addictive-like eating showed higher prevalence of probable adult ADHD, as well as higher scores on adult and childhood ADHD symptoms. They also reported lower conscientiousness, but higher emotion dysregulation, higher alexithymia, and higher neuroticism. Only BE (as opposed to FA) was also associated with lower scores on agreeableness and openness. Analysis of the association between adult ADHD and BE suggests that emotion dysregulation, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism are total mediators and alexithymia a partial mediator. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between ADHD and addictive-like eating among bariatric surgery candidates, and also suggest a significant role of emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions in this association. For individuals with ADHD and obesity, eating may be a way to cope with negative emotions, potentially increasing the risk for addictive-like eating behavior.

Validation of the French Version of the Positivity Scale (P Scale).

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the Positivity scale (P scale), a self-report measure of positivity, which is the tendency to view and address life and experience with a positive outlook. Positivity is seen as a latent factor underlying multiple cognitive concepts such as self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism. METHODS: We recruited 666 volunteers (540 women and 126 men). They completed the P scale online, as well as self-report measures of psychological well-being, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, general health, and personality dimensions. The study sample was randomly split into two sub-groups, one used for exploratory factor analysis and the other for confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: We found conflictual results related to the uni-dimensionality of the French version of the P scale. We found good internal consistency and high concurrent validity. CONCLUSION: The French version of the P scale demonstrated good psychometric qualities and is a reliable tool that can now be used by French researchers and clinicians to assess positivity.

Psychological Impact of Exposure to the COVID-19 Sanitary Crisis on French Healthcare Workers: Risk Factors and Coping Strategies.

Background: COVID-19 sanitary crisis is associated with emotional difficulties such as depression, anxiety and reactional post-traumatic symptoms among healthcare workers. Indeed, healthcare workers were particularly exposed to COVID-19 sanitary crisis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to COVID-19 sanitary crisis on affective symptoms (anxiety, post-traumatic stress, burnout) among French healthcare workers and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (positive re-evaluation and set in perspective) and coping strategies (active coping, planning, instrumental support, emotional support, emotional expression, positive reappraisal, acceptance, denial, blame, humor, religion, distraction, substance use, behavioral disengagement). Method: This cross-sectional survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1,010 volunteers (838 women) who consented online to participate, from March 24 to June 28, 2020, in France. Participants filled out online questionnaires and visual analogic scales that evaluate affective symptoms related to the COVID-19 sanitary crisis, namely symptoms of post-traumatic stress, burnout, emotion regulation abilities, and coping abilities. Results: The majority (57.8%) of the participants presented post-traumatic symptoms. Depending on the sub-dimensions evaluated, a proportion of participants reported moderate (25.9-31.2%) to severe (17.2-40.7%) burnout symptoms. We found a significant effect of the level of exposure to COVID-19 on affective symptoms. Being a woman, having a lower job position and having less experience were associated with higher level of affective symptoms. Moreover, coping strategies had a mediating effect on the relation between stress and burnout, supporting the coping reserve model. Conclusion: Post-traumatic and burnout symptoms were highly prevalent among French healthcare workers at the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis. Exposure to COVID-19 is a determining factor. We can thus promote both coping training and a good environment to limit the emotional consequences of exposure to COVID-19.