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1.
Am Heart J ; 224: 171-181, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32416332

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, affects a significant proportion of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, its influence on post-TAVR recovery and 1-year health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) remains unknown. We examined the relationship between skeletal muscle index (SMI), post-TAVR length of hospital stay (LOS), and 1-year QOL. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 300 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR from 2012 to 2018 who had pre-TAVR computed tomographic scans suitable for analysis of body composition. Skeletal muscle mass was quantified as cm2 of skeletal mass per m2 of body surface area from the cross-sectional computed tomographic image at the third lumbar vertebra. Sarcopenia was defined using established sex-specific cutoffs (women: SMI < 39 cm2/m2; men: < 55 cm2/m2). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between SMI, LOS, and HR-QOL using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in most (59%) patients and associated with older age (82 vs 76 years; P < .001) and lower body mass index (27 vs 33 kg/m2; P < .001). There were no other differences in baseline clinical or echocardiographic characteristics among the 4 quartiles of SMI. SMI was positively correlated with LOS and 1-year QOL. After adjusting for age, gender, race, and body mass index, SMI remained a significant predictor of both LOS (P = .01) and 1-year QOL (P = .012). For every 10 cm2/m2 higher SMI, there was an 8-point increase in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score, a difference that is clinically meaningful. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia is prevalent in TAVR patients. Higher SMI is associated with shorter LOS and better 1-year HR-QOL. To achieve optimal TAVR benefits, further study into how body composition influences post-TAVR recovery and durable improvement in QOL is warranted.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Nível de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Medição de Risco/métodos , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Período Pós-Operatório , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
3.
INSPILIP ; 1(2): 1-17, jun.-dic. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-987499

RESUMO

La infección de vías urinarias es una de las patologías más frecuentes en la edad pediátrica, afecta por igual tanto a hombres y mujeres en los primeros años de vida y después es más prevalente en mujeres; el principal signo es la fiebre en todas las edades y principalmente en los niños menores de 2 años, seguido de síntomas y signos más específicos en niños mayores. Para su diagnóstico es importante la clínica y el laboratorio, en donde la presencia de nitros, bacteriuria, leucocitaria en el estudio elemental y microscópico de orina (EMO) nos orienta a su diagnóstico. El cultivo permite identificar el agente etiológico, conocer su comportamiento frente a los antibióticos y orienta el tratamiento. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de la ITU y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en nuestro contexto. Metodología: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, incluyó 233 pacientes. El análisis estadístico se realizó con estadística descriptiva, con método de determinación de Scott y las mediciones de correlación. Resultados: La ITU es más frecuente en mujeres, el signo más importante es el alza térmica que se presentó en 160 (68,67 %) pacientes, el signo más destacado es la puñopercusión positiva. En el EMO el principal hallazgo es la bacteriuria en el 90,56 %, seguida de piuria en el 84,55 %. En cuanto al cultivo el principal agente etiológico es E. Coli 42,49 %, y llama la atención la presencia de E. coli productora de BLEE 2,58 %. Conclusión: La ITU es más frecuente en niñas, la clínica sigue siendo el pilar fundamental para su diagnóstico con el apoyo del EMO y urocultivo, estudios sencillos y accesibles, el tratamiento de inicio es empírico con base en la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana local y el resultado del cultivo determinará la conducta ulterior.


Urinary tract infection is one of the most common pathologies in the pediatric age, affects both men and women equally in the first years of life and then is more prevalent in women, the main sign is fever in all ages and especially in children younger than 2 years, followed by more specific symptoms and signs in older children. For its diagnosis, it is important the clinic anamnesis and the laboratory exams, where the presence of nitrus, bacteriuria, leukocyte in the elemental and microscopic of urine test, guides us to its diagnosis. The culture allows identifying the etiological agent, knowing its behavior against antibiotics and directs the treatment. Objective: To characterize the behavior of UTI and antimicrobial susceptibility in our context. Methodology: Observational retrospective study, included 233 patients. Statistical analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, with Scott's method of determination and correlation measurements. Results: The UTI is more frequent in women, the most important sign is the fever that was present in 160 (68,67 %) patients, the most prominent sign is the positive percussion fist. In MSU the main finding is bacteriuria in 90,56 %, followed by pyuria in 84,55 %. As for the culture the main etiological agent is E. coli 42,49 %, and it is worth mentioning the presence of E. coli producing ESLBs 2,58 %. Conclusion: UTI is more frequent in girls, clinic remains the mainstay for diagnosis with MSU and urine culture support, simple and accessible studies, empirical initiation treatment based on local antimicrobial susceptibility and outcome Cultivation will determine the further behavior.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Patologia , Doenças Urológicas , Noxas , Bacteriúria , Epidemiologia , Diagnóstico
4.
In. Vega, Yolanda; Izurieta, Ricardo; Ochoa, Tatiana; García, Lidia. Cólera epidémico en Ecuador: variación en las tasas de ataque entre provincias. s.l, s.n, s.f. p.2, tab.
Não convencional em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-297079

RESUMO

Se revisa la casuística de 74 pacientes, vistos en dos años en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Dr. Enrique Garcés, con fallo secuencial multiorgánico. El etiquetamiento de cada fallo se hace de acuerdo a protocolo respectivo para definir cada uno de ellos. La expectativa de muerte de acuerdo a apache II al ingreso fue del 20 por ciento, pero la mortalidad real fue del 55.4 por ciento; esto por progresión de fallos, independientemente de las medidas adoptadas.


Assuntos
APACHE , Sepse , Equador , Hospitais Estaduais
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