MicroRNA Dysregulation in Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Mammography, which is the current gold standard technique used to diagnose it, presents strong limitations in early ages where breast cancer is much more aggressive and fatal. MiRNAs present in numerous body fluids might represent a new line of research in breast cancer biomarkers, especially oncomiRNAs, known to play an important role in the suppression and development of neoplasms. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate dysregulated miRNA biomarkers and their diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer. Two independent researchers reviewed the included studies according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number "CRD42021256338". Observational case-control-based studies analyzing concentrations of microRNAs which have been published within the last 10 years were selected, and the concentrations of miRNAs in women with breast cancer and healthy controls were analyzed. Random-effects meta-analyses of miR-155 were performed on the studies which provided enough data to calculate diagnostic odds ratios. We determined that 34 microRNAs were substantially dysregulated and could be considered biomarkers of breast cancer. Individually, miR-155 provided better diagnostic results than mammography on average. However, when several miRNAs are used to screen, forming a panel, sensitivity and specificity rates improve, and they can be associated with classic biomarkers such us CA-125 or CEA. Based on the results of our meta-analysis, miR-155 might be a promising diagnostic biomarker for this patient population.

[Review of nutrition and hydration in relation to physical exercise during pregnancy]. / Revisión de la nutrición e hidratación con relación al ejercicio físico en el embarazo.

Introduction: Studies on nutritional recommendations for pregnant women who exercise are scarce. The objective of this article is not to focus on the diet of pregnant women as a whole, but to review those aspects of it that may be related to physical exercise. To this end, the nutritional and hydration recommendations contained in the main clinical practice guides on physical exercise during pregnancy are collected, including the first Spanish guides. Likewise, the energy requirements required by pregnant women who perform physical exercise during pregnancy for adequate gestational weight gain are addressed, aspects related to macronutrients in the aforementioned population group, and two specific topics, such as nutritional needs in the adolescent who practices physical exercise during pregnancy and eating disorders in pregnant athletes It is concluded by stating that pregnant women who exercise regularly should eat a varied and balanced diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, avoid long periods of fasting to avoid the appearance of hypoglycemia and maintain adequate fluid intake before, during and after physical exercise. Pregnant adolescents who engage in physical exercise require nutritional supervision to achieve adequate gestational weight gain. The pregnant athlete with an eating disorder has a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, gynecological, fetal and neonatal, and, therefore, requires close monitoring by specialists in maternal-fetal medicine.

Introducción: Los estudios sobre recomendaciones nutricionales para la embarazada que realiza ejercicio físico son escasos. El objetivo de este artículo no es centrarnos en la dieta de la embarazada de forma global, sino revisar aquellos aspectos de la misma que pueden tener relación con el ejercicio físico. Para ello, se recogen las recomendaciones nutricionales y sobre hidratación contenidas en las principales guías de práctica clínica sobre ejercicio físico durante el embarazo, incluyendo las primeras guías españolas. Así mismo, se abordan los requerimientos energéticos que precisan las gestantes que realizan ejercicio físico durante el embarazo para una ganancia de peso gestacional adecuada, aspectos relacionados con los macronutrientes en el citado grupo de población, y dos temas específicos, como son las necesidades nutricionales en la adolescente que practica ejercicio físico durante su embarazo y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en deportistas embarazadas. Se concluye afirmando que las embarazadas que realizan ejercicio físico de forma regular deben llevar una dieta variada y equilibrada, como es la dieta mediterránea, eludir períodos largos de ayuno para evitar la aparición de hipoglucemias y mantener una adecuada ingesta de líquidos antes, durante y después del ejercicio físico. Las adolescentes embarazadas que realizan ejercicio físico requieren una supervisión nutricional para que alcancen una ganancia de peso gestacional adecuada. La deportista embarazada con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria tiene un mayor riesgo de complicaciones durante el embarazo y parto, ginecológicas, fetales y neonatales, y, por tanto, requiere un estrecho seguimiento por especialistas en medicina maternofetal.

Salivary Cortisol Levels after Hydrotherapy and Land-Based Therapy as a Marker of Stress in Children with Psychomotor Developmental Disorders: A Pilot Study.

Background: The number of children experiencing postnatal situations of neurological risk (such as psycho-motor developmental disorders and delays) after birth has increased in recent years. These infants often require multiple pediatric interventions to address functional problems that might generate stress, anxiety, and discomfort. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the level of salivary cortisol, as a stress marker, increases after hydrotherapy and land-based therapy in children at risk of or currently presenting delayed psycho-motor development. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 25 children (aged 3-36 months) between June 2022 and January 2023 at the Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Clinical Management Unit of the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain. Three samples were collected from each child, representing baseline, post-hydrotherapy and post-land-based therapy. Result: All salivary cortisol levels were within the normal range. Resting values were the highest, and both modes of therapy decreased salivary cortisol levels. There were no statistically significant differences between the two therapies. Conclusions: Both therapies appear to be useful for treating children with psychomotor developmental disorders without increasing stress during physiotherapy sessions. Although cortisol levels were slightly higher with hydrotherapy than with land-based therapy, this may be due to the small sample size.

Effects of physical activity on quality of life in overweight and obese children.

INTRODUCTION: Background: in recent years the prevalence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents has increased alarmingly, which may affect their health, educational level, and quality of life. Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine whether a program with physical activity and nutritional recommendations may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) in overweight and obese children. Material and methods: the design of this study was that of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The sample consisted of 54 children with a median age of 10.65 years, all of them overweight or obese. They were divided into a study (SG) and a control (CG) group, with 27 children each. The study group received physical activity and nutritional advice, while the control group only received theoretical-practical sessions on nutrition during 9 months. Families participated in the workshops on nutritional recommendations in both groups. Results: there was a significant difference in fat percentage before and after the intervention in the study group compared to the children who did not engage in sports activity. In the SF-10 quality-of-life perception questionnaire, statistically significant differences in both the physical and mental components may be seen at the end of the study between both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: an educational intervention with physical activity based on play and nutritional advice improved quality of life in overweight and obese children. Family involvement is vital for children to improve their life habits, and achieve favorable results in the reduction of overweight and obesity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en los últimos años, la prevalencia de la obesidad en los bebés, niños y adolescentes ha aumentado de forma alarmante, lo que podría afectar a su salud, nivel educativo y calidad de vida. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si un programa con actividad física y recomendaciones nutricionales puede mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad. Material y métodos: el diseño de este estudio fue el de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (ECA). La muestra consistió en 54 niños de 10,65 años de edad mediana con sobrepeso u obesidad. Se dividieron en grupos de estudio (SG) y de control (CG), ambos con 27 niños. El grupo de estudio recibió actividad física y asesoramiento nutricional mientras que el grupo de control solo recibió las sesiones de nutrición teórico-prácticas durante 9 meses. Las familias participaron en los talleres sobre recomendaciones nutricionales en ambos grupos. Resultados: hubo una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de grasa antes y después de la intervención en el grupo de estudio en comparación con los niños que no participaron en la actividad deportiva. En el cuestionario de calidad de vida SF-10 se puede observar que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los componentes físicos y mentales al final del estudio entre ambos grupos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: una intervención educativa con actividad física basada en el juego y asesoramiento nutricional mejoró la calidad de vida de estos niños obesos y con sobrepeso. La participación familiar es vital para que los niños mejoren sus hábitos de vida y logren resultados favorables en la reducción del sobrepeso y la obesidad.

Reporting of Perinatal Outcomes in Probiotic Randomized Controlled Trials. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The use of probiotic microorganisms in clinical practice has increased in recent years and a significant number of pregnant women are regular consumers of these products. However, probiotics might modulate the immune system, and whether or not this modulation is beneficial for perinatal outcomes is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the reporting of perinatal outcomes in randomized controlled trials including women supplemented with probiotic microorganisms during pregnancy. We also analyzed the effects that the administration of probiotic microorganisms exerts on perinatal outcomes. In the review, 46 papers were included and 25 were meta-analyzed. Reporting of perinatal outcomes was highly inconsistent across the studies. Only birth weight, cesarean section, and weeks of gestation were reported in more than 50% of the studies. Random effects meta-analysis results showed that the administration of probiotic microorganisms during pregnancy did not have any a positive or negative impact on the perinatal outcomes evaluated. Subgroup analysis results at the strain level were not significantly different from main analysis results. The administration of probiotic microorganisms does not appear to influence perinatal outcomes. Nonetheless, future probiotic studies conducted in pregnant women should report probiotic strains and perinatal outcomes in order to shed light upon probiotics' effects on pregnancy outcomes.