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1.
J Arthroplasty ; 34(10): 2392-2397, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31178387

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients between 45 and 54 years old will be the fastest-growing cohort seeking total knee arthroplasty (TKA) over the next 15 years. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the clinical outcomes of TKA in patients less than 50 years old at a minimum of 10 years. We hypothesized that this patient population would have a high rate of survivorship that is similar to that of older patients. METHODS: We reviewed 298 consecutive TKAs on 242 patients at a minimum of 10 years postoperatively. Twenty patients died and 30 TKAs were lost to follow-up leaving 248 TKAs in 202 patients (91 male, 111 female) with a mean age of 45.7 years (range, 26-49) at the time of surgery. Patient-reported outcomes, survivorship, causes of reoperation, and initial postoperative radiographic parameters were collected. RESULTS: At a mean of 13.0 years, there were 9 revisions for tibial loosening (3.6%), 8 for deep infection (3.2%), 7 for polyethylene wear (2.8%), and 3 for failed ingrowth of a cementless femoral component (1.2%). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated 92.0% survivorship with failures defined as aseptic component revision and 83.9% survivorship for all-cause reoperation at 13 years. Patients with tibial alignment of 4° or more of varus or 10° or more of posterior slope were found to have increased rate of failure. CONCLUSION: While overall durability was good in this young patient population, tibial fixation and deep infection were relatively common causes of failure. In addition, increased tibial varus and slope were found to increase the rate of failure. Furthermore, the nearly 3% risk of revision for wear suggests that the use of more wear-resistant bearing surfaces may reduce the risk of failure in this patient population.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Prótese do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Polietileno , Período Pós-Operatório , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco , Tíbia/fisiologia , Tíbia/cirurgia
2.
J Arthroplasty ; 32(4): 1328-1334, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27884418

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication following total hip arthroplasty. Radiation is an effective prophylaxis, but an optimal protocol has yet to be determined. We performed a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial in high-risk patients to determine the efficacy of 400 vs 700 cGy doses of radiation. METHODS: One hundred forty-seven patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and at high risk for HO at an urban medical center were randomized to receive either a single 400 or 700 cGy dose of radiation postoperatively. High risk was defined as a diagnosis of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, hypertrophic osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or history of previous HO. Radiation was administered on the first or second postoperative day. A single blinded reviewer graded radiographs taken immediately postoperatively and at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively using the Brooker classification. Progression was defined as an increase in Brooker classification. Operative data including surgical approach, implant fixation, revision surgery, and postoperative range of motion data were also collected. RESULTS: A significantly greater portion of patients who received the 400 cGy dose demonstrated progression of HO than patients who received the 700 cGy dose. There were no wound complications. No preoperative factors were associated with a higher rate of progression. Patients who progressed had less flexion on physical examination than patients who did not progress, but this was not clinically significant. CONCLUSION: Seven hundred centigray was superior to 400 cGy in preventing HO formation following total hip arthroplasty in high-risk patients and may be the more effective treatment in this population. Further studies comparing 700 cGy to dosages between 400 and 700 cGy may help to clarify if a more optimal dose can be identified.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Ossificação Heterotópica/etiologia , Ossificação Heterotópica/prevenção & controle , Radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Artroplastia de Quadril/estatística & dados numéricos , Progressão da Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoartrite/complicações , Exame Físico , Período Pós-Operatório , Radiografia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Espondilite Anquilosante/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Instr Course Lect ; 65: 225-41, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27049193

RESUMO

Restoration of equal leg lengths and dynamic hip stability are essential elements of a successful total hip arthroplasty. A careful clinical examination, a preoperative plan, and appropriate intraoperative techniques are necessary to achieve these goals. Preoperative identification of patients at risk for residual leg length discrepancy allows surgeons to adjust the surgical approach and/or the type of implant and provide better preoperative patient education. The use of larger femoral heads, high-offset stem options, and enhanced soft-tissue repairs have improved impingement-free range of motion as well as dynamic hip stability and have contributed to an overall reduction in dislocation. Methods for accurate leg length restoration and component positioning include anatomic landmarks, intraoperative radiographs, intraoperative calipers, stability testing, and computer-assisted surgery. If recurrent instability occurs after total hip arthroplasty, the underlying cause for dislocation should be identified and treated; this may include the use of semiconstrained dual-mobility or fully constrained liners, depending on abductor function. Surgeons should be aware of the clinical and surgical techniques for achieving leg length equalization and dynamic hip stability in total hip arthroplasty.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril , Luxação do Quadril , Articulação do Quadril , Prótese de Quadril , Instabilidade Articular , Desigualdade de Membros Inferiores , Osteoartrite do Quadril/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia de Quadril/instrumentação , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Luxação do Quadril/etiologia , Luxação do Quadril/prevenção & controle , Articulação do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Instabilidade Articular/etiologia , Instabilidade Articular/prevenção & controle , Desigualdade de Membros Inferiores/etiologia , Desigualdade de Membros Inferiores/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Ajuste de Prótese/métodos , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos
4.
J Arthroplasty ; 31(7): 1516-8, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26860964

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroscopy utilization is on the rise in the United States. Thus, determining the impact of prior hip arthroscopy on subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) is important to understand. METHODS: A retrospective review of a high-volume orthopedic surgery practice's billing database yielded 42 hip arthroscopies that underwent subsequent THA. An age-, sex-, and body mass index (2:1)-matched cohort of primary THAs was used for comparison. RESULTS: No difference was observed in the postoperative Harris Hip Score between groups (92.1 ± 10.9 vs 90.1 ± 6.6, P = .20); however, there was greater overall improvement in Harris Hip Score in the control group (40.4 ± 18.4 vs 45.1 ± 8.7, P = .05). There were no differences observed in the complication (P = .5) or revision rates (P = .4). CONCLUSION: With the numbers available, prior hip arthroscopy does not appear to have an impact on the functional outcomes of a subsequent THA.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Artroscopia/efeitos adversos , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Artropatias/cirurgia , Reoperação/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Clin Orthop Relat Res ; 469(3): 839-46, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20878290

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hybrid revision knee component fixation, in which cement is placed in the metaphysis combined with a cementless diaphyseal engaging stem, provides ease of insertion, possibly improved component alignment, and easier removal if required, compared with fully cemented prostheses. The literature suggests the technique has a 2 to 5 year survivorship ranging from 81% to 94%. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: To confirm the literature we asked whether (1) a modified hybrid fixation technique is durable and reliable at an average 5-year followup, (2) this method of fixation provides clinical improvements as assessed by knee scores, (3) there are radiographic findings unique to this fixation technique, (4) the degree of knee constraint influences clinical performance or radiographic findings, and (5) end-of-stem pain is associated with this fixation method? PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all 83 patients who had 88 both-component revision TKAs using our modified hybrid fixation technique. We assessed the Knee Society scores and evaluated radiographs for radiolucent and radiosclerotic lines. The minimum followup was 24 months (average, 65 months; range, 24-126 months). RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survivorship free of aseptic loosening was 100% at 5 years and 90% at 10 years. Postoperatively, the mean Knee Society pain and function scores both improved. Partial radiolucent lines were rare; two components were loose. We commonly observed radiosclerotic lines adjacent to stem extensions but these did not affect clinical scores or implant stability at last followup. Neither knee scores nor radiographic findings differed based on knee constraint. End-of-stem pain occurred rarely and was transient. CONCLUSIONS: Modified hybrid fixation of revision knee arthroplasty using a diaphyseal engaging stem and cementation only in the metaphysis is durable at a mean 5 years followup. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Prótese do Joelho , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artroplastia do Joelho/instrumentação , Cimentação , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenho de Prótese , Radiografia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Bone Joint J ; 103-B(6 Supple A): 51-58, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34053274

RESUMO

AIMS: Recent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs have featured more anatomical morphologies and shorter tibial keels. However, several reports have raised concerns about the impact of these modifications on implant longevity. The aim of this study was to report the early performance of a modern, cemented TKA design. METHODS: All patients who received a primary, cemented TKA between 2012 and 2017 with a minimum two-year follow-up were included. The implant investigated features an asymmetrical tibial baseplate and shortened keel. Patient demographic details, Knee Society Scores (KSS), component alignment, and the presence of radiolucent lines at final follow-up were recorded. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to estimate survivorship. RESULTS: A total of 720 of 754 primary TKAs (95.5%) were included with a mean follow-up of 3.9 years (SD 1.3); 562 (78.1%) were cruciate-retaining and 158 (21.9%) were posterior-stabilized. A total of 11 (1.5%) required reoperation for periprosthetic joint infection and seven (1.0%) for aseptic tibial loosening (five cruciate-retaining, two posterior-stabilized). Loosening occurred at a mean of 3.3 years (0.9 to 6.5). There were no cases of loosening in the 33 patients who received a 14 mm × 30 mm tibial stem extension. All-cause survivorship was 96.6% at three years (95% confidence interval (CI) 95.3% to 98.0%) and 96.2% at five years (95% CI 94.8% to 97.7%). Survivorship with revision for aseptic loosening was 99.6% at three years (95% CI 99.1% to 100.0%) and 99.1% at five years (95% CI 98.4% to 99.9%). Tibial components were in significantly more varus in those with aseptic loosening (mean 3.4° (SD 3.7°) vs 1.3° (SD 2.0°); p = 0.015). There were no other differences in demographic, radiological, or surgical characteristics between revised and non-revised TKAs for aseptic loosening (p = 0.293 to 1.00). Mean KSS improved significantly from 57.3 (SD 9.5) preoperatively to 92.6 (SD 8.9) at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This is the largest series to date of this design of implant. At short-term follow-up, the rate of aseptic tibial loosening is not overly concerning. Further observation is required to determine if there will be an abnormal rate of loosening at mid- to long-term follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):51-58.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/instrumentação , Prótese do Joelho , Desenho de Prótese , Idoso , Cimentação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Clin Orthop Relat Res ; 468(8): 2160-7, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20440662

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A third-generation TKA system was designed to address problems encountered with earlier designs including a high rate of patellofemoral complications. At a minimum of 5 years, we previously reported survivorship of 98.7% using revision for any reason as the endpoint for a cohort that includes the patients described in this report. That cohort was unique in that a tibial component that uses four short pegs for fixation was used in a subset of patients undergoing cruciate-retaining TKA and the tibial and femoral components were precoated with polymethylmethacrylate. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We now report the survival rate, postoperative function, complications, radiographic loosening, and osteolysis at a minimum of 10 years postoperatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 161 patients who underwent 179 TKAs. The patella was resurfaced in all cases and all components were cemented. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically for evidence of component loosening and osteolysis. Forty of the 161 patients (with 44 TKAs) had died and eight patients (nine knees) were lost to followup. For the remaining 113 patients (126 knees), the minimum followup was 10 years (mean, 11.7 years; range, 10.0-13.9 years). RESULTS: Survivorship at a minimum of 10 years postoperatively using revision for any reason and revision for aseptic loosening were 97.7% and 100%, respectively. Three knees were revised: one for infection, one for periprosthetic fracture, and one for postoperative arthrofibrosis. There were no reoperations for patellar component maltracking, wear or loosening, tibiofemoral polyethylene wear, osteolysis, or aseptic loosening. Hospital for Special Surgery scores improved from a mean of 47.7 (range, 23-78) preoperatively to 85.4 (range, 33-100). CONCLUSIONS: This cruciate-retaining design had a low risk of implant failure or revision and the design changes eliminated the patellar failures seen with earlier iterations at up to 10 years. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Prótese do Joelho , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Tíbia/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia do Joelho/instrumentação , Cimentação , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Illinois/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteólise/epidemiologia , Osteólise/etiologia , Articulação Patelofemoral/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Patelofemoral/fisiopatologia , Articulação Patelofemoral/cirurgia , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Desenho de Prótese , Falha de Prótese , Radiografia , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos
8.
J Arthroplasty ; 25(6 Suppl): 62-6, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20621436

RESUMO

Few studies have evaluated the results of revision of well-fixed components for stiffness, and some authors have recommended against this intervention based on poor reported results. Thirty-five consecutive patients underwent revision of both femoral and tibial components for stiffness. At a mean of 54.5 months (range, 25-134), the mean arc of motion improved by 44.5 degrees from a preoperative mean of 53.6 degrees to a postoperative mean of 98.1 degrees (P < .0001). The arc of motion improved by more than 30 degrees in 75% (24/32) of patients evaluated at a minimum of 2 years. Seventeen (49%) of the 35 patients required a further intervention for stiffness or sustained a complication. These results suggest that revision total knee arthroplasty for stiffness can be performed with a reasonable expectation of improvement, although the risk of complications and additional operative procedures is substantial.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Surg Technol Int ; 20: 334-9, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21082583

RESUMO

Emerging minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in hip arthroplasty heralded an increase in intraoperative femoral periprosthetic fractures, likely due to diminished visibility, auditory, and tactile feedback. This study attempts to identify a method to supplement the surgeon's tactile and auditory senses by analyzing vibration characteristics during femoral component impaction. A cementless femoral component was instrumented with accelerometers and a piezoelectric (PZT) patch. Data was obtained during implant impaction into replicate femurs. Acceleration measurements were obtained and signal processing techniques were applied. Metrics were analyzed from PZT excitation data. The two most correlative indices are the frequency of the anti-resonance in the 10.5 to 12 kHz band and the peak magnitude in the 9 to 11 kHz band. Both demonstrate good convergence as the prosthesis is inserted. Impact test data revealed the sum of the acceleration divided by the sum of the impact force demonstrates good convergence with implant insertion. This pattern of convergence indicates these two indices may demonstrate the ability to accurately predict optimal implant seating. This methodology is promising and has the potential to enable intraoperative determination of maximal femoral component seating and provide the surgeon valuable information to potentially prevent intraoperative fractures.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Artroplastia de Quadril/instrumentação , Fêmur/fisiopatologia , Fêmur/cirurgia , Fraturas do Quadril/prevenção & controle , Fraturas do Quadril/fisiopatologia , Espectrografia do Som/instrumentação , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Cimentação , Humanos , Sistemas Microeletromecânicos/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibração
11.
J Arthroplasty ; 24(6 Suppl): 58-63, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19282138

RESUMO

We evaluated the performance of a contemporary cementless acetabular component at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. One hundred eighty-seven consecutive acetabular component revisions were performed using a hemispherical porous-coated component. Patients were followed prospectively with radiographs and Harris hip scores. Twenty patients died, leaving 158 patients (166 hips) available for follow-up at a mean of 91 months. No patients were lost. Eleven acetabular components (7%) required repeated revision, including 4 (2%) for aseptic loosening. Seven of the 145 unrevised acetabular components with radiographic follow-up (5%) were loose. The results of acetabular revision with this contemporary acetabular component were good but inferior to those of earlier-generation implants. This difference is likely multifactorial.


Assuntos
Acetábulo/cirurgia , Artroplastia de Quadril/instrumentação , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Prótese de Quadril , Falha de Prótese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cimentos Ósseos , Remoção de Dispositivo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/cirurgia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Análise de Regressão , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos
12.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol ; 37: 90-100, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28987921

RESUMO

Nearly 20% of patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) report persistent poor knee function. This study explores the idea that, despite similar knee joint biomechanics, the neuro-motor synergies may be different between high-functional and low-functional TKA patients. We hypothesized that (1) high-functional TKA recruit a more complex neuro-motor synergy pattern compared to low-functional TKA and (2) high-functional TKA patients demonstrate more stride-to-stride variability (flexibility) in their synergies. Gait and electromyography (EMG) data were collected during level walking for three groups of participants: (i) high-functional TKA patients (n=13); (ii) low-functional TKA patients (n=13) and (iii) non-operative controls (n=18). Synergies were extracted from EMG data using non-negative matrix factorization. Analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate between-group differences in gait and neuro-motor synergies. Results showed that synergy patterns were different among the three groups. Control subjects used 5-6 independent neural commands to execute a gait cycle. High functional TKA patients used 4-5 independent neural commands while low-functional TKA patients relied on only 2-3 independent neural commands to execute a gait cycle. Furthermore, stride-to-stride variability of muscles' response to the neural commands was reduced up to 15% in low-functional TKAs compared to the other two groups.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Marcha , Joelho/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia
13.
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) ; 35(7 Suppl): 23-6, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16927650

RESUMO

Uncontrolled pain associated with total knee arthroplasty can have significant untoward effects on patient outcomes, leading to delayed recovery, inability to participate in rehabilitation, prolonged hospitalization, and increased use of health care resources. In this article, I review the methodologies and outcomes of several studies and protocols involving preemptive, perioperative, and postoperative use of various anesthetic and analgesic agents. Used together with minimally invasive techniques, appropriate pain control should result in significant improvements in patient outcomes.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Dor Pós-Operatória/terapia , Analgesia Epidural , Analgesia Controlada pelo Paciente , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Bloqueio Nervoso , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle
14.
Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) ; 35(7 Suppl): 30-2, 2006 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16927652

RESUMO

The traditional didactic approach to improving the skill set of surgeons has been shown to have minimal impact. Surgeons, like other adults, learn best by doing, by practicing what they do. and by challenging themselves to take on increasingly difficult scenarios. To be effective, surgical practice requires deconstruction of a procedure into key elements, each of which is repeated until optimal results are achieved before moving on to the next element. Given the multifactorial nature of a procedure such as minimally invasive surgery for total knee arthroplasty, surgeons need to introduce incremental changes into their operating environment to allow for realistic self-assessment during postoperative self-debriefing. One technique, visualization, can be used for virtual practice. In the future, surgical simulators may allow for true virtual practice as well as systematic recording of results. However, psychomotor skills are only one component of surgical success. Intuition and innovation are also key, but these components are more difficult to teach and to learn. The key ingredient to successful practice and ultimate self-improvement in surgery, as in other pursuits in life, is that a person be self-motivated and competitive and have a strong desire to improve coupled with appropriate practice routines that can lead to improvement.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/educação , Competência Clínica , Educação Médica Continuada , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/educação
15.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 98(1): 35-9, 2016 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26738901

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Optimal treatment for intraoperative injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) during primary total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. While some advocate primary ligament repair and a period of bracing, others suggest conversion to a knee prosthesis with increased intrinsic constraint. The purpose of this study was to characterize the outcomes of primary repair followed by bracing. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties to identify patients with intraoperative MCL laceration or avulsion treated with primary repair. Midsubstance lacerations were treated with end-to-end suture repair, whereas a screw-and-washer construct, suture, and/or suture anchors were used for reattachment of avulsions. All patients were instructed to wear an unlocked hinged knee brace for six weeks postoperatively. Patients were evaluated at a minimum of two years postoperatively for evidence of instability or other modes of failure and complications. RESULTS: An intraoperative MCL injury occurred during forty-eight (1.2%) of the 3922 total knee arthroplasties that had been performed. One patient died less than two years postoperatively, one was lost to follow-up, and one underwent an intraoperative conversion to a constrained total knee arthroplasty, leaving forty-five total knee arthroplasties available for study. There were twenty-four midsubstance lacerations and twenty-one avulsions; thirty-five of these injuries occurred during a cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty and ten, during a posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. At a mean of ninety-nine months (range, twenty-four to 214 months), there were no symptoms or physical examination findings of instability. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery knee score increased from 47 preoperatively to 85 at the time of follow-up (p < 0.001). Five knees required intervention for stiffness (four manipulations and one revision), and two required revision for aseptic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that intraoperative MCL injury can be treated with primary repair followed by hinged knee bracing without the need for increased prosthetic constraint. Stiffness, however, was a common complication.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Braquetes , Complicações Intraoperatórias/cirurgia , Ligamento Colateral Médio do Joelho/cirurgia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Idoso , Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Artroplastia do Joelho/reabilitação , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/etiologia , Instabilidade Articular/fisiopatologia , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Prótese do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Ligamento Colateral Médio do Joelho/lesões , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Reoperação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco
16.
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) ; 74(3): 219-28, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27620546

RESUMO

Knee-related complaints are among the most commonly encountered conditions by orthopaedic surgeons. Knee pathology varies widely and includes arthritis, deformities, fractures, infections, neuromuscular disorders, oncologic diseases, and soft-tissue injury. While nonoperative treatment modalities (activity modification, medications, injections, and physical therapy) are typically used as primary interventions, surgical treatment may ultimately become necessary. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most common open approaches to the knee, with an emphasis on surgically relevant anatomy for each approach. Understanding of the anatomy of the knee joint and associated neurovascular structures is necessary in order to avoid intraoperative complications and optimize postoperative recovery.


Assuntos
Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Traumatismos do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos do Joelho/patologia , Traumatismos do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Articulação do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 87(5): 999-1006, 2005 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15866962

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is a renewed interest in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. The present report describes the minimum ten-year results associated with a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty design that is in current use. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties that were performed with cemented modular Miller-Galante implants in fifty-one patients were studied prospectively both clinically and radiographically. All patients had isolated unicompartmental disease without patellofemoral symptoms. No patient was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients (thirteen knees) died after less than ten years of follow-up, leaving thirty-eight patients (forty-nine knees) with a minimum of ten years of follow-up. The average duration of follow-up was twelve years. RESULTS: The mean Hospital for Special Surgery knee score improved from 55 points preoperatively to 92 points at the time of the final follow-up. Thirty-nine knees (80%) had an excellent result, six (12%) had a good result, and four (8%) had a fair result. At the time of the final follow-up, thirty-nine knees (80%) had flexion to at least 120 degrees . Two patients (two knees) with well-fixed components underwent revision to total knee arthroplasty, at seven and eleven years, because of progression of patellofemoral arthritis. At the time of the final follow-up, no component was loose radiographically and there was no evidence of periprosthetic osteolysis. Radiographic evidence of progressive loss of joint space was observed in the opposite compartment of nine knees (18%) and in the patellofemoral space of seven knees (14%). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a survival rate of 98.0% +/- 2.0% at ten years and of 95.7% +/- 4.3% at thirteen years, with revision or radiographic loosening as the end point. The survival rate was 100% at thirteen years with aseptic loosening as the end point. CONCLUSIONS: After a minimum duration of follow-up of ten years, this cemented modular unicompartmental knee design was associated with excellent clinical and radiographic results. Although the ten-year survival rate was excellent, radiographic signs of progression of osteoarthritis in the other compartments continued at a slow rate. With appropriate indications and technique, this unicompartmental knee design can yield excellent results into the beginning of the second decade of use.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Prótese do Joelho , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 87 Suppl 1(Pt 2): 175-94, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16140793

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Disruption of the extensor mechanism is an uncommon but catastrophic complication of total knee arthroplasty. We evaluated two techniques of reconstructing a disrupted extensor mechanism with the use of an extensor mechanism allograft in revision total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Twenty consecutive reconstructions with the use of an extensor mechanism allograft consisting of the tibial tubercle, patellar tendon, patella, and quadriceps tendon were performed. The first seven reconstructions (Group I) were done with the allograft minimally tensioned. The thirteen subsequent procedures (Group II) were performed with the allograft tightly tensioned in full extension. All surviving allografts were evaluated clinically and radiographically after a minimum duration of follow-up of twenty-four months. RESULTS: All of the reconstructions in Group I were clinical failures, with an average postoperative extensor lag of 59 degrees (range, 40 degrees to 80 degrees ) and an average postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of 52 points. All thirteen reconstructions in Group II were clinical successes, with an average postoperative extensor lag of 4.3 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 15 degrees ) (p < 0.0001) and an average Hospital for Special Surgery score of 88 points. Postoperative flexion did not differ significantly between Group I (average, 108 degrees ) and Group II (average, 104 degrees ) (p = 0.549). CONCLUSIONS: The results of reconstruction with an extensor mechanism allograft after total knee arthroplasty depend on the initial tensioning of the allograft. Loosely tensioned allografts result in a persistent extension lag and clinical failure. Allografts that are tightly tensioned in full extension can restore active knee extension and result in clinical success. On the basis of the number of knees that we studied, there was no significant loss of flexion. Use of an extensor mechanism graft for the treatment of a failure of the extensor mechanism will be successful only if the graft is initially tensioned tightly in full extension.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Articulação do Joelho , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , Tendões/transplante , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Traumatismos dos Tendões/etiologia , Transplante Homólogo
19.
J Bone Joint Surg Am ; 87(8): 1795-800, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16085621

RESUMO

We previously reported our results at a minimum of three and seven years after use of a porous-coated acetabular metal shell in a consecutive series of 138 revision total hip arthroplasties. The current report presents the longer-term outcomes of these procedures, at fifteen to nineteen years postoperatively. A total of twenty metal shells (14%) underwent repeat revision. Seven of the repeat revisions were performed because of recurrent dislocation, seven were done at the time of femoral revision surgery, and six were done because of infection. Nineteen of the revised shells were well fixed, and one was aseptically loose. Of the sixty-seven hips in which the acetabular component survived for more than fifteen years after the index operation, two (3%) required a change of the modular acetabular liner because of wear or osteolysis. Nine (16%) of the fifty-seven hips with at least fifteen years of radiographic follow-up had an osteolytic lesion of >1 cm in diameter. The fifteen-year survival rate of the metal shells, with failure defined as revision because of loosening or as radiographic evidence of loosening, was 97%. Revision total hip arthroplasty with this cementless acetabular component has been followed by excellent component survivorship at fifteen years; the most common reasons for repeat revision were recurrent dislocation and infection.


Assuntos
Acetábulo/cirurgia , Artroplastia de Quadril , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
Orthopedics ; 28(9): 935-6, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16190058

RESUMO

Is this an optimal procedure? Clearly, it is not for every patient, but it does serve patients who can benefit from rapid recovery as well as those patients truly interested in minimizing their down time. It also is clearly not for the occasional total hip surgeon. It is a technique that brings to the patient the maximum potential for speed of recovery. However, it is important to stress again that the surgical approach is just one factor facilitating the recovery curve. While the benefits are real, their importance must be weighed by both surgeon and patient relative to the risks. The risks are not insignificant, but generally decrease with time and experience. As opposed to several smaller incision modifications of routine approaches to THA, the two-incision approach does require a separate and distinctively different skill set, including alternative methods to make up for the lack of standard visualization and careful attention to details such as incision placement and location of the starting point in the intramedullary canal. However, in the rest of the medical world, that is what minimally invasive surgery is about.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento
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