Withaphysalin Derivatives from Iochroma arborescens Induce Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Activities in vitro.

Withanolides are steroidal lactones commonly found in plants of the Solanaceae family that have significant medicinal value. In this study, three withanolides extracted from Iochroma arborescens leaves were isolated and characterized. These included withaphysalin F (3: ) and two newly identified epimeric compounds: 18R- and 18S-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (1: and 2: ). Their structures were elucidated by NMR, IR, MS, CD, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and their potential against cell proliferation and migration was investigated. The cytotoxic assay revealed activity against different tumor and non-tumor cell lines. (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ) presented cell death effects after at least 6 hours of exposure. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 0.06 and 0.6 µM of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ), and reductions in cell adhesion, migration, and clonogenicity were observed. Morphological analysis revealed negative regulation in filopodia, salience, and roughness, as well as alterations in cellular microarchitecture. These results provide clues as to the effects of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2: ), allowing new molecular modifications to improve potency and selectivity and increase our antineoplastic arsenal.

Low frequency of cardniac arrhythmias and lack of structural heart disease in medically-naïve acromegaly patients: a prospective study at baseline and after 1 year of somatostatin analogs treatment.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of arrhythmias may be increased in acromegaly, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved are still unclear, and it has never been correlated with structural heart changes analyzed by the gold-standard method cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). AIM: Evaluate the frequency of arrhythmias in drug-naïve acromegaly patients at baseline and after 1 year of somatostatin analogs (SA) treatment and to correlate the occurrence of arrhythmias with the presence of structural heart changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive drug-naïve acromegaly patients were recruited. The occurrence of arrhythmias and structural heart changes were studied through 24-h Holter and CMR, respectively, at baseline and after 1-year SA treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were studied at baseline and 28 were re-evaluated after 1 year of SA treatment. There were 13 females and median age was 48 years (20-73 years). Nine patients (32 %) were controlled after treatment. No sustained arrhythmias were reported in the 24-h Holter. No arrhythmia-related symptoms were observed. Only two patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy and three patients presented fibrosis at baseline. There was no correlation of the left ventricular mass with the number of episodes of arrhythmias and they were not more prevalent in the patients presenting cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION: We found no sustained arrhythmias and a lack of arrhythmia-related symptoms at baseline and after 1 year of SA treatment in a contemporary cohort of acromegaly patients that also present a low frequency of structural heart changes, indicating that these patients may have a lower frequency of heart disease than previously reported.

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst in Dentigerous Relationship: An Uncommon Case Report.

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon cyst of the jaw. Less than 200 cases are reported in the literature, and only 22 cases are associated with an unerupted tooth (dentigerous relationship). Although it is an asymptomatic lesion, it can be destructive and has high recurrence rates. The diagnosis can be especially challenging due to the lack of distinct diagnostic clinic-radiological criteria and nonspecific microscopic features, mimicking benign and malignant lesions. Conservative surgical treatment has been the choice for most surgeons, but marginal or partial jaw resection has been reported. This report describes a rare case of GOC in a dentigerous relationship, which was treated with enucleation and peripheral osteotomy.

Evaluation of specific modified histones in lip carcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: Histones regulate chromatin density and therefore influence gene expression and cellular proliferation. These properties are modified by methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation of histones. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of specific modified histones in actinic cheilitis (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (SCCL). METHODS: Samples of non-neoplastic tissue of the lip (NNTL, n = 9), AC (n = 33), and SCCL (n = 27) were submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect the modified histones H3K36me3, H3K9ac, H4K12ac, and H3S10 ph. RESULTS: Reactivity for all of the modified histones was significantly decreased from NNTL to AC, but not from AC to SCCL. Dysplasia in AC or histological grade in SCCL were not related to the reactivity of any modified histones. CONCLUSIONS: Histone modifications are related to initial actinic damage, but not to malignant transformation in the lip.

Características epidemiológicas e preditores de mortalidade em pacientes maiores de 70 anos submetidos à revascularização miocárdica cirúrgica / Epidemiological characteristics and mortality predictors in patients over 70 years submitted to coronary artery bypass grafting

Fundamento: A doença arterial coronariana é a principal causa de morte no mundo, e a idade é fator de risco independente de mortalidade em pacientes submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores preditores de risco de óbito em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica com mais de 70 anos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de banco de dados de cirurgia cardíaca. Foi utilizada a regressão logística para avaliar os preditores independentes de óbito. Resultados: Foram 372 pacientes submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica de 2004 a 2012. O principal fator de risco cardiovascular foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, seguida do diabetes melito. A mortalidade em 30 dias foi de 19,35%. A presença de doença vascular periférica (OR: 2,47), cirurgia de emergência (OR: 4,86) e procedimento valvular combinado (OR: 3,86) foram os preditores independentes de óbito. Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico em pacientes idosos apresentou mortalidade maior que da população geral. Doença vascular periférica, cirurgia de emergência e procedimento valvular combinado aumentaram o risco de óbito nesses pacientes

Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with age being an independent risk factor for mortality in patients submitted to surgical revascularization. Objective: To evaluate the mortality risk predictors in patients older than 70 years submitted to myocardial revascularization. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of a cardiac surgery database. Logistic regression was used to assess independent death predictors. Results: A total of 372 patients submitted to surgical revascularization from 2004 to 2012 were assessed. The main cardiovascular risk factor was hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus. Mortality at 30 days was 19.35%. The presence of peripheral vascular disease (OR: 2,47), emergency surgery (OR: 4,86) and combined valve procedure (OR: 3,86) were independent predictors of death. Conclusion: The surgical procedure in elderly patients showed a higher mortality than in the general population. Peripheral vascular disease, emergency surgery and combined valve procedures increased the risk of death in these patients

Radioterapia em paciente com neoplasia pulmonar e marcapasso ipsilateral / Radiotherapy in a patient with pulmonary neoplasia and ipsilateral pacemaker

Durante anos, o tratamento com radioterapia de portadores de dispositivos eletrônicos implantáveisfoi considerado perigoso. Se a zona a ser irradiada envolvesse o lado em que o dispositivo estivesse localizado, aestratégia envolvia inclusive mudanças no local do implante. Passaram-se os anos e tanto os dispositivos como aradioterapia evoluíram, e o que antes era regra para a segurança do binômio marcapasso-radioterapia hoje pode serexceção. Relatamos o caso de um paciente portador de neoplasia maligna de lobo superior de pulmão direito, emposição ipsilateral ao marcapasso implantado previamente...

For years treatment with radiotherapy in patients with implantable electronic devices was considered dangerous. If the area to be irradiated involved the side where the device was located, the strategy involved including changes at the implant site. The years have gone by, the devices have evolved, radiotherapy has evolved,and what used to be the safety rule for the pacemaker-radiotherapy binomial may be the exception today. We report the case of a patient with malignant neoplasia of the upper lobe of the right lung, ipsilateral to a previously implanted pacemaker...

Zona inativa e bloqueio de ramo esquerdo / Inactive area and left bundle-branch block

O eletrocardiograma possui papel fundamental no manejo e no acompanhamento de pacientes coronariopatas. Após um evento agudo, o surgimento de uma zona inativa guarda valor prognóstico, sendo seu reconhecimento importante embora limitado por diversos fatores. O bloqueio de ramo esquerdo, por alterar a sequencia normal de atividade ventricular, pode dificultar essa visualização. O conhecimento da sequencia vetorial de ativação ventricular nessas situações e as modificações impostas pela presença de uma zona de necrose podem permitir o correto diagnóstico eletrocardiografico.

Tratamento conservador do trauma esplênico contuso: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Nonoperative management of blunt spleen injuries: case report and review of the literature

Relata-se o trauma contuso de baço em jovem atendida no Hospital UniversitárioRisoleta Tolentino Neves, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Essa lesão é encontrada,frequentemente, em traumas contusos do abdômen. O intuito é discutir a terapêuticadessa lesão, sua abordagem não cirúrgica como primeira escolha na maioria dos casos.Justifica-se a escolha do manejo não operatório, em paciente com lesão esplênicagrau IV, segundo critérios da American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

We report a case of blunt splenic trauma in a young patient served by the urgency of the University Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves Belo Horizonte-MG. This kind of injury is often found in blunt abdominal trauma. The aim is to discuss the approach of the blunt splenic injuries and address the non-surgical treatment as first choice in most cases. Justi-fied this approach by reporting non-surgical therapy, even in a patient with splenic injury grade IV, according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Avaliação de fatores de risco e metas terapêuticas em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana / Evaluation of risk factors and treatment targets in patients with coronary artery disease

Fundamentos: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é uma das principais causas de internação no SUS e importante fator de risco para a disfunção ventricular. Os pacientes portadores de DAC são classificados como de alto risco cardiovascular, apresentando metas terapêuticas cada vez mais rigorosas.Objetivo: Avaliar o controle dos fatores de risco tradicionais e metas terapêuticas em pacientes com DAC.Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório da residência médica de uma unidade terciária de saúde, hospital referência em cardiologia na rede pública, no período de abril de 2013 a abril de 2014. Preencheram os critérios de inclusão 110 pacientes.Resultados: Dentre os pacientes incluídos, 68,1% eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 60,1±9,2 anos. Tinham diagnóstico de HAS, 90,9% dos pacientes; 42,7% de DM, 81,8% de dislipidemia (DLP), 25,4% eram tabagistas e 32,7% apresentavam história familiar positiva para DAC. A maior parte (61%) recebeu tratamento clínico mais cirúrgico, seguindo-se o tratamento clínico mais percutâneo (20,9%) e por último o tratamento clínico exclusivo (18,1%). Em relação ao controle de metas, 78,1% estavam com pressão arterial controlada (PAS <140 mmHg e PAD <90 mmHg), 65,4% com TG <150 mg/dL; 87,2% com CT <200 mg/dL; 29,1% com HDL >45 mg/dL; 65,4% com LDL <100 mg/dL; e 27,2% com LDL <70 mg/dL.Conclusão: Apesar de serem pacientes de alta complexidade e alto risco, obteve-se boa resposta no controle pressórico, enquanto no controle da dislipidemia os resultados foram insatisfatórios, o que pode em parte ser explicado pelas opções terapêuticas disponíveis na rede pública de saúde.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of hospitalization in Brazil’s Unified National Health System (SUS) and an important risk factor for ventricular dysfunction. CAD patients are rated as high cardiovascular risks, with increasingly tighter treatment targets.Objective: To assess traditional CAD risk factor controls and treatment targets among CAD patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical records of patients seen at the residency outpatient clinic at a tertiary healthcare facility that is a cardiology reference center in the SUS from April 2013 to April 2014. The inclusion criteria were met by 110 patients.Results: Among the included patients, 68.1% were male, with an average age of 60.1±9.2 years; 90.9% were diagnosed with hypertension; 42.7% with DM, 81.8% with dyslipidemia (DLP), 25.4% were smokers and 32.7% had positive family histories of CAD. Most (61%) received surgical and clinical treatment, followed by clinical and percutaneous treatment (20.9%) and finally clinical treatment only (18.1%). Regarding target controls, 78.1% had controlled blood pressure (SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg), 65.4% with TG <150 mg/dL; 87.2% with TC <200 mg/dL; HDL with 29.1%> 45 mg/dL; 65.4% with LDL <100 mg/dL; LDL and 27.2% with <70 mg/dL.Conclusion: Despite being high-complexity and high-risk patients, a good response was obtained only for blood pressure control, while the dyslipidemia control findings were unsatisfactory, which may be partly explained by the treatment options available in the SUS.