RESUMO
Objective Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been widely accepted as a diagnostic safe method for preoperative assessment of salivary gland lesions. This diagnostic tool is inexpensive, easy to perform, relatively painless and it provides useful information to differentiate between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors that helps in the management and surgical planning. This study was undertaken to compare FNAC results with permanent histopathological findings of salivary gland tumors in order to assess its diagnostic accuracy. Materials and methods A total of 37 archived salivary gland FNAC specimens collected between January 2001 and January 2018 were correlated with proven histopathology findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. False negative and false positive cases were determined. Results There were 20 female and 17 male patients. Parotid tumors count for 62.2% and submandibular tumors 37.8%. All cases of malignancy on FNAC were proven to be malignant on the final pathology findings. All cases that were suspicious for malignancy on FNAC were proven to be malignant as well. In addition, three false negative cases were seen and no false positive cases among all FNAC cases. In our series, the overall sensitivity and specificity were 90.3% and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 57.1%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 91.4%. Conclusion This study demonstrated that FNA cytology of the salivary gland is a useful technique for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Insufficient cellularity was the most important factor that resulted in incorrect cytological interpretation.
RESUMO
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is prevalent in developing countries and is associated with many comorbidities, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we assessed and evaluated the association between DPN and CVD. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study that included DM patients who are attending DM primary care clinics. We evaluated each patient and collected epidemiological data, the physical examination findings, including cardiovascular status, and the presence of DPN. DPN was assessed with the neuropathic disability score (NDS), and it was considered present if the score was 5 or higher. The age and the levels of blood glucose, HbA1C, and plasma total cholesterol were recorded. Results The study included 116 DM, the mean age was 64.5±15 years (19 to 84 years) and the majority (61.2%) of the sample were male. The sample was divided into two groups: patients with DM only and patients with DM and CVD. The CVD group had a higher NDS score compared to the non-CVD group (P=0.006). The result indicated that for the CVD group, the prevalence of DPN was higher (50.8%) as compared to the non-CVD group (30.2%) (P=0.041). DPN was also associated with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (P = 0.013) but not heart failure (HF) (P=0.427). In addition, the HbA1C was significantly higher in patients with DPN (P=0.0345). Conclusion Our findings indicate that DPN was more prevalent in the CVD group and, in particular, in the group with ACS. The evidence provides support for the association between DPN and CVD.