RESUMO
CTLA4 is a regulator gene for T cells and relates to autoimmune diseases. By using a case-control method, CTLA4 functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms for potential associations with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iraqi children's population. ARMS-PCR method is used for genotyping +49AG (rs231775) variations in 60 obese children and 60 ethnically matched controls; all measured subjects were (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c). The glucose oxidase method is used to determine plasma glucose levels. The amounts of insulin in the blood were determined using a radioimmunoassay (RIA); Insulin resistance was measured using the HOMA-IR index. A HOMA-IR cut-off level of 2.5 was acceptable. There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between the groups, according to CTLA4 +49AG analyses. In conclusion, AA cases had a high frequency of A/A genotype than healthy participants but lower rates of A/G and G/G genotypes.
Assuntos
Antígeno CTLA-4 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Obesidade Infantil , Antígeno CTLA-4/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Insulina , Iraque , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
Background - Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon acquired autoimmune disease caused by transplacental passage of maternal antibodies SSA/Ro, SSB/La or U1 ribonucleoproteins. The most common clinical manifestations are skin rash, cardiac lesions, thrombocytopenia, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Complete congenital heart block is usually irreversible needing a pacemaker implantation in two-thirds of cases. Cases report - We report neonatal lupus erythematosus with complete congenital heart block in twins. Newborns were delivered by caesarean section at week 38 of gestation with a heart rate regular at 70 beats per minute. Both twins and mother were positive for antinuclear, anti-SSA, and anti-SSB antibodies. Twins received single-chamber pacemaker implants at day 12 of life. The evolution was immediately favorable with a heart rate around 110 beats per minute. The follow-up was 2 years. The twins are currently asymptomatic. Conclusion - Complete congenital heart block is the most serious manifestation of the neonatal lupus erythematosus associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Doenças em Gêmeos/complicações , Bloqueio Cardíaco/congênito , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/congênito , Marca-Passo Artificial , Anticorpos Antinucleares , Cesárea , Doenças em Gêmeos/terapia , Feminino , Bloqueio Cardíaco/complicações , Bloqueio Cardíaco/terapia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , GravidezRESUMO
In this prospective randomised controlled trial, we compared the impact of the lateral versus supine position for tracheal extubation among infants aged two months to two years after intraabdominal surgery on the incidence of respiratory adverse events that may occur after extubation. The anaesthesia protocol was standardised. Among the 120 infants included (60 in each group), the demographic and perioperative data were comparable between both groups. The incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events after tracheal extubation was 21.6% and 5% in the supine and lateral position groups, respectively, with p = 0.007 and odds ratio = 3.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.18-12.6. Lateral position also reduced the incidence of airway obstruction with p = 0.004 and odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.46-95.3 and oxygen desaturation below 92% with p = 0.008 and odds ratio = 11.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.46-95. The lateral position seems to be practical and beneficial for tracheal extubation among infants.
RESUMO
Background: Although ultrasound is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of children with suspected appendicitis, there is still much debate about the most accurate ultrasound findings. The purpose of this study was to define the best ultrasound signs that could ultimately improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for diagnosing pediatric acute appendicitis, and to differentiate between simple appendicitis and complicated appendicitis. Patients and Methods: After approval by our Institutional Review Board, a prospective study was carried out from January 1, 2022, to July 31, 2023, in a pediatric emergency department. We included all patients aged under 14 years with suspected appendicitis and ultrasound-visualized appendix. Results: A total of 550 patients presented with suspected appendicitis during the study period. Of these children, 411 had an ultrasound-visualized appendix. Our patients' mean age was 9.4 years. The best positive predictive value of ultrasound was found for appendiceal diameter ≥7.5 mm. The combination of an appendiceal diameter <6 mm and the lack of peri-appendiceal free fluid on ultrasound rules out the diagnosis of appendicitis. The best diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, which was 92%, was achieved for appendix diameters ≥6.5 mm. The sonographic sign giving the best ultrasound accuracy for diagnosing complicated appendicitis was an appendix diameter ≥9 mm. Conclusions: In conclusion, our present study demonstrated that appendiceal diameter ≥6.5 mm is the gold standard for diagnosing appendicitis in pediatric patients. The combination of an appendiceal diameter <6 mm and the lack of peri-appendiceal free fluid on ultrasound would rule out appendicitis.
Assuntos
Apendicite , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Apendicite/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Apêndice/diagnóstico por imagem , Apêndice/patologia , Lactente , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Hemorragia/etiologia , Pólipos/complicações , Doenças Vaginais/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Hepatic dysfunctions are not infrequent in patients with hyperthyroidism. These disorders may be related to the effects of the excess thyroid hormone secretion, to the uses of antithyroid drugs, or to the presence of concomitant hepatic diseases. Our aim is to describe the clinical and biochemical features of liver dysfunction related to thyrotoxicosis. We report here a case of a 6-year-old girl who was admitted for jaundice and pruritus as a result of the development of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. On physical examination at admission, she was found to have jaundice and hepatomegaly. Laboratory data show cholestasis and protein-losing enteropathy. Investigations exclude other causes of hepatic disorder. One month after the initiation of antithyroid drug, the patient became euthyroid with improvement in jaundice and pruritus and normalization of hepatic tests and alpha antitrypsine clearance. In conclusion, the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism may be delayed in patients in whom the primary manifestations were pruritus and jaundice. The physician should suspect thyrotoxicosis prior to hepatitis or skin manifestations.