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1.
Pediatr Res ; 91(3): 681-689, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33837254

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (MF and CRF) have been related to inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fitness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children both in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. METHODS: Three hundred and fifty-seven children (46.2% males) aged 2-9 years with hs-CRP measured, data from MF and CRF, diet quality, objectively measured physical activity (PA) and screen time at baseline and follow-up after 2 years were included. Body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed. MF and CRF were also dichotomized as follows: low-medium quartiles (Q1-Q3) and highest quartile (Q4). RESULTS: At follow-up, children with the highest CRF (Q4) showed a lower probability of having high hs-CRP. In the longitudinal analysis, children who improved their CRF over time showed a significantly lower probability (p < 0.05) of being in the highest hs-CRP category at follow-up, independently of the body composition index considered: odds ratio (OR) = 0.22 for zBMI, OR = 0.17 for WC, and OR = 0.21 for FMI. CONCLUSIONS: Improving CRF during childhood reduces the odds of an inflammatory profile, independently of body composition and lifestyle behaviours. These highlight the importance of enhancing fitness, especially CRF, to avoid an inflammatory state in children. IMPACT: Improvements in the cardiorespiratory profile during childhood could reverse an unfavourable inflammatory status. There is a longitudinal and inverse association between CRF and inflammation in children. This is the first longitudinal study assessing the relationship between fitness and inflammation during childhood that takes also into account the lifestyle behaviours. Results from the present study suggest a protective role of fitness already in childhood. Efforts to improve fitness in children should be aimed at as inflammation could trigger future cardiovascular disease.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Aptidão Física
2.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 30(3): 514-522, 2020 03 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31791633

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) are related to obesity and cardiometabolic risk; however, the literature is controversial regarding the effect of dairy consumption on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinally the relationship between specific lifestyle behaviours (PA and SB) and dairy consumption in a sample of European children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Children from the IDEFICS study were included in the analyses. Two measurements, with 2 years' interval, were conducted. A total of 1688 (50.8% boys) children provided information regarding diet, measured by a 24-h dietary recall, PA measured by accelerometers and parent-reported sedentary screen time (SST) at both time points. Different combinations of these behaviours, at each survey and over time, were derived applying specific recommendations. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used to assess their association with dairy consumption, adjusted for potential confounders. Differences by gender were found regarding dairy product consumption and also adherence to SB and PA recommendations at T0 and T1. Children meeting both lifestyle recommendations, at the two measurement points, had higher probability to consume more milk and yogurt and less cheese than the rest of combinations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that European children with a healthy lifestyle, especially regarding PA and SB over time, consumed more milk and yogurt. This study suggests that the protective effect of specific dairy products found in literature could be partially due to the association of their consumption with specific healthy lifestyles.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Laticínios , Dieta Saudável , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Valor Nutritivo , Recomendações Nutricionais , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Eur J Public Health ; 30(1): 105-111, 2020 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31501880

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Preschool children spend a significant proportion of their waking hours being sedentary. Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children's lifestyle behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. This study aims to assess parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of their preschool children's sedentary behaviours and the association with children's television (TV)/video/DVDs viewing and total screen time. METHODS: Data were obtained from a sample of 4836 children (3.5-5.5 years), participating in the multi-centre ToyBox-study at baseline (T0) and at 1-year follow-up (T1) periods. Data on children's sedentary behaviours were collected via a standardized proxy-administered primary caregiver's questionnaire. RESULTS: Regarding total screen time, 66.6% of the children at T0 and 71.8% at T1 in the control group exceeded the recommendations, whereas the proportion in the intervention group varied from 69.7% at T0 to 72.5% at T1. The odds of exceeding total screen time recommendations were significantly higher when parental perceptions towards limiting the total screen time were negative [(both T0 and T1 and in the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05)]. Similarly, the odds of exceeding TV/video/DVDs viewing recommendations were significantly higher (both T0 and T1 is observed in both groups) when parental knowledge of recommendation were absent. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children whose caregivers stated rules limiting their sedentary screen time were less likely to spend a high amount of time watching TV/video/DVDs. Interventions to increase parental practices may be a promising approach to decrease total screen time of preschool children but studies are needed to confirm this.


Assuntos
Pais , Tempo de Tela , Atitude , Criança , Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Percepção , Televisão
4.
J Am Coll Nutr ; 38(8): 703-713, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31287966

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns (DPs) in European adolescents and to examine the association between perceptions of healthy eating and the obtained DPs.Method: A multinational cross-sectional study was carried out in adolescents aged 12.5 to 17.5 years and 2,027 (44.9% males) were considered for analysis. A self-reported questionnaire with information on food choices and preferences, including perceptions of healthy eating, and two 24-hour dietary recalls were used. Principal component analysis was used to obtain sex-specific DPs, and linear analyses of covariance were used to compare DPs according to perceptions of healthy eating.Results: Three and four DPs for boys and girls were obtained. In boys and girls, there were significant associations between some perceptions about healthy food and the Breakfast-DP (p < 0.05). In boys, Breakfast-DP and Healthy Beverage-DP were associated with the perception of the own diet as healthy (p < 0.05). Healthy Beverage-DP was associated with those disliking fruits and vegetables (p < 0.05). Girls considering the own diet as healthy were associated with Mediterranean-DP, Breakfast-DP, and Unhealthy Beverage and Meat-DP (p < 0.05). The perception of snacking as a necessary part of a healthy diet was associated with Breakfast-DP in both genders (p < 0.05).Conclusions: In European adolescents, perceptions of healthy eating were mainly associated with a DP characterized by foods consumed at breakfast. Future studies should further explore these findings in order to implement health promotion programs to improve healthy eating habits in adolescents.


Assuntos
Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Dieta Saudável , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Adolescente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Eur J Nutr ; 58(5): 2051-2065, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29974229

RESUMO

AIM: To assess if a healthy diet might attenuate the positive sedentary-inflammation relation, whereas an unhealthy diet may increase the effect of sedentary behaviors on inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: In 618 adolescents (13-17 years) of the European HELENA study, data were available on body composition, a set of inflammation markers, and food intake assessed by a self-administered computerized 24 h dietary recall for 2 days. A 9-point Mediterranean diet score and an antioxidant-rich diet z-score were used as dietary indices and tested as moderators. A set of low-grade inflammatory characteristics was used as outcome: several cytokines in an inflammatory ratio (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGFß-1), C-reactive protein, three cell-adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sE-selectin), three cardiovascular risk markers (GGT, ALT, homocysteine) and three immune cell types (white blood cells, lymphocytes, CD3). Sedentary behaviors were self-reported and analyzed as total screen time. Multiple linear regression analyses tested moderation by diet in the sedentary behaviors-inflammation association adjusted for age, sex, country, adiposity (sum of six skinfolds), parental education, and socio-economic status. RESULTS: Both diet scores, Mediterranean and antioxidant-rich diet, were significant protective moderators in the effect of sedentary behaviors on alanine-transaminase enzyme (P = 0.014; P = 0.027), and on the pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio (P = 0.001; P = 0.004), but not on other inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION: A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet or an antioxidant-rich diet may attenuate the onset of oxidative stress signs associated by sedentary behaviors, whereas a poor diet seems to increase inflammation.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Dieta/métodos , Inflamação/sangue , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dieta Mediterrânea , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Acta Paediatr ; 108(2): 339-346, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30019348

RESUMO

AIM: This study examined the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with academic performance and tested whether this association was mediated by sleep in Spanish adolescents. METHODS: We recruited 269 adolescents (52% boys) aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years from the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study of 38 secondary schools and sport clubs in Castellon, Spain, between February and May 2015. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire, sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index test and sleep duration was objectively computed using a wrist-worn accelerometer. Academic performance was assessed through final school grades and a validated test. RESULTS: Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher scores in language, core subjects, grade point average and verbal ability (p < 0.05). Sleep quality acted as a significant mediator of the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and final grades in maths, language, core subjects and the grade point average. CONCLUSION: Our data show that the influence of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on academic performance was mediated by sleep quality in adolescents. Education and public health professionals should work together to achieve both improved health status and academic performance in adolescents.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico , Dieta Mediterrânea , Sono , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino
7.
Public Health Nutr ; 21(9): 1717-1725, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29457580

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) levels and dietary habits are considered some of the most important factors associated with obesity. The present study aimed to examine the association between PA level and food and beverage consumption in European children (2-10 years old).Design/Setting/SubjectsA sample of 7229 children (49·0 % girls) from eight European countries participating in the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary and lifestyle induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) study was included. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed objectively with accelerometers. FFQ was used to register dietary habits. ANCOVA and binary logistic regression were applied. RESULTS: Boys who spent less time in MVPA reported lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, cereals, yoghurt, milk, bread, pasta, candies and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) than boys who spent more time in MVPA (P<0·05). Moreover, boys who spent less time in MVPA were more likely to consume fast foods and water than those in the highest MVPA tertile (P<0·05). Girls who spent less time in MVPA reported lower consumption frequencies of vegetables, pasta, bread, yoghurt, candies, jam/honey and SSB than girls in the highest MVPA tertile (P<0·05). Also, girls in the lowest MVPA tertile were more likely to consume fast foods and water than those with high levels of MVPA (P<0·05). CONCLUSIONS: Food intake among European children varied with different levels of daily MVPA. Low time spent in MVPA was associated with lowest consumption of both high- and low-energy-dense foods and high fast-food consumption.


Assuntos
Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Estilo de Vida , Bebidas/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Verduras
8.
Appetite ; 120: 505-513, 2018 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29017906

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to identify clustering patterns of four energy balance-related behaviors (EBRB): television (TV) watching, moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V), and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), among European and Brazilian adolescents. EBRB associations with different body fat composition indicators were then evaluated. Participants included adolescents from eight European countries in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescents) study (n = 2,057, 53.8% female; age: 12.5-17.5 years) and from the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil in the ELANA study (the Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study) (n = 968, 53.2% female; age: 13.5-19 years). EBRB data allowed for sex- and study-specific clusters. Associations were estimated by ANOVA and odds ratios. Five clustering patterns were identified. Four similar clusters were identified for each sex and study. Among boys, different cluster identified was characterized by high F&V consumption in the HELENA study and high TV watching and high MVPA time in the ELANA study. Among girls, the different clusters identified was characterized by high F&V consumption in both studies and, additionally, high SSB consumption in the ELANA study. Regression analysis showed that clusters characterized by high SSB consumption in European boys; high TV watching, and high TV watching plus high MVPA in Brazilian boys; and high MVPA, and high SSB and F&V consumption in Brazilian girls, were positively associated with different body fat composition indicators. Common clusters were observed in adolescents from Europe and Brazil, however, no cluster was identified as being completely healthy or unhealthy. Each cluster seems to impact on body composition indicators, depending on the group. Public health actions should aim to promote adequate practices of EBRB.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Metabolismo Energético , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Televisão , Verduras , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto Jovem
9.
Br J Nutr ; 118(12): 1089-1096, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29198192

RESUMO

Energy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) are established in childhood and seem to persist through to adulthood. A lower parental educational level was associated with unhealthy behavioural patterns. The aim of the study is to identify clusters of EBRB and examine their association with preschool children's BMI and maternal, paternal and parental education. A subsample of the ToyBox study (n 5387) conducted in six European countries was used. Six behavioural clusters ('healthy diet and low activity', 'active', 'healthy lifestyle', 'high water and screen time; low fruits and vegetables (F&V) and physical activity (PA)', 'unhealthy lifestyle' and 'high F&V consumers') emerged. The healthiest group characterised by high water and F&V consumption and high PA z scores ('healthy lifestyle') was more prevalent among preschool children with at least one medium- or higher-educated parent and showed markedly healthier trends for all the included EBRB. In the opposite, the 'unhealthy lifestyle' cluster (characterised by high soft drinks and screen time z scores, and low water, F&V and PA z scores) was more prevalent among children with lower parental, paternal and maternal education levels. OR identified that children with lower maternal, paternal and parental education levels were less likely to be allocated in the 'healthy lifestyle' cluster and more likely to be allocated in the 'unhealthy lifestyle' cluster. The 'unhealthy lifestyle' cluster was more prevalent among children with parents in lower parental educational levels and children who were obese. Therefore, parental educational level is one of the key factors that should be considered when developing childhood obesity prevention interventions.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Metabolismo Energético , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Pais/educação , População Branca , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pré-Escolar , Dieta , Europa (Continente) , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Avaliação Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Televisão , Verduras
10.
Eur J Nutr ; 56(5): 1939-1951, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27312566

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between food and beverage consumption and time spent in different sedentary behaviours such as watching TV and DVDs, playing computer/video games and quiet play/activities in preschoolers. METHODS: A sample of 6431 (51.8 % males) European preschoolers aged 3.5-5.5 years from six survey centres was included in the data analyses. Data on dietary habits and sedentary behaviours [watching TV, playing computer and quiet play (both during weekdays and weekend days)] were collected via standardized proxy-administered questionnaires. One-way analysis of covariance and general linear model (adjusted for sex, maternal education, body mass index and centre) were conducted. RESULTS: The results of the generalized linear model showed that the more strong associations in both males and females who were watching TV for > 1 h/day during weekdays were positively associated with increased consumption of fizzy drinks (ß = 0.136 for males and ß = 0.156 for females), fresh and packed juices (ß = 0.069, ß = 0.089), sweetened milk (ß = 0.119, ß = 0.078), cakes and biscuits (ß = 0.116, ß = 0.145), chocolate (ß = 0.052, ß = 0.090), sugar-based desserts and pastries (ß = 0.234, ß = 0.250), salty snacks (ß = 0.067, ß = 0.056), meat/poultry/processed meat (ß = 0.067, ß = 0.090) and potatoes (ß = 0.071, ß = 0.067), and negative associations were observed for the consumption of fruits (ß = -0.057, ß = -0.099), vegetables (ß = -0.056, ß = -0.082) and fish (ß = -0.013, ß = -0.013). During weekend days, results were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: In European preschoolers, sedentary behaviours were associated with consumption of energy-dense foods and fizzy drinks. The present findings will contribute to improve the strategies to prevent overweight, obesity and nutrition-related chronic diseases from early childhood.


Assuntos
Bebidas , Dieta , Comportamento Sedentário , População Branca , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comportamento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Europa (Continente) , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Lanches , Inquéritos e Questionários , Televisão , Jogos de Vídeo
11.
BMC Public Health ; 17(1): 926, 2017 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29237434

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In children the relationship between a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children's adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and their well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association. METHODS: Seven thousand six hundred seventy five children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between September 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again 2 years later. Psychosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL® and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency questionnaire as a measure of the degree to which children's dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression (country as random effect) with bidirectional modeling of dichotomous dietary and well-being variables as both exposures and outcomes while controlling for respective baseline values. RESULTS: A higher HDAS at baseline was associated with better self-esteem (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0;1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1;1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2;1.4) 2 years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem was associated with higher HDAS 2 years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0;1.29). The analysis stratified by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children. CONCLUSION: Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems at follow-up, independent of children's weight status.


Assuntos
Dieta Saudável/psicologia , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Política Nutricional , Autoimagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos
12.
Eur J Nutr ; 55(2): 771-779, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25893716

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Breakfast consumption has been recommended as part of a healthy diet. Recently, ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) became more popular as a breakfast item. Our aim was to analyse the dietary characteristics of an RTEC breakfast in European adolescents and to compare them with other breakfast options. METHODS: From the European multi-centre HELENA study, two 24-h dietary recalls of 3137 adolescents were available. Food items (RTEC or bread, milk/yoghurt, fruit) and macro- and micronutrient intakes at breakfast were calculated. Cross-sectional regression analyses were adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and city. RESULTS: Compared to bread breakfasts (39 %) and all other breakfasts (41.5 %), RTEC breakfast (19.5 %) was associated with improved nutrient intake (less fat and less sucrose; more fibre, protein and some micronutrients like vitamin B, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) at the breakfast occasion. Exceptions were more simple sugars in RTEC breakfast consumers: more lactose and galactose due to increased milk consumption, but also higher glucose and fructose than bread consumers. RTEC consumers had a significantly higher frequency (92.5 vs. 50.4 and 60.2 %) and quantity of milk/yoghurt intake and a slightly higher frequency of fruit intake (13.4 vs. 10.9 and 8.0 %) at breakfast. CONCLUSIONS: Among European adolescents, RTEC consumers showed a more favourable nutrient intake than consumers of bread or other breakfasts, except for simple sugars. Therefore, RTEC may be regarded as a good breakfast option as part of a varied and balanced diet. Nevertheless, more research is warranted concerning the role of different RTEC types in nutrient intake, especially for simple sugars.


Assuntos
Desjejum , Grão Comestível , Fast Foods , Frutas , Leite , População Branca , Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Dieta Saudável , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Sacarose Alimentar/análise , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores Socioeconômicos
13.
Public Health Nutr ; 18(5): 860-8, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24887315

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate if context-specific measures of parental-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Seven European countries taking part in the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) study. SUBJECTS: Data were analysed from 2-9-year-old children (n 5982) who provided both parental-reported and accelerometer-derived physical activity/sedentary behaviour measures. Parents reported their children's daily screen-time, weekly sports participation and daily outdoor playtime by means of the Outdoor Playtime Checklist (OPC) and Outdoor Playtime Recall Questions (OPRQ). RESULTS: Sports participation, OPC- and OPRQ-derived outdoor play were positively associated with accelerometer-derived physical activity. Television viewing and computer use were positively associated with accelerometer-derived sedentary time. All parental-reported measures that were significantly associated with accelerometer outcomes explained only a minor part of the variance in accelerometer-derived physical activity or sedentary time. CONCLUSIONS: Parental-reported measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour are not useful as a proxy for 2-9-year-old children's physical activity and sedentary time. Findings do not preclude the use of context-specific measures but imply that conclusions should be limited to the context-specific behaviours that are actually measured. Depending on the aim of the study, future research should carefully consider the choice of measurements, including the use of subjective or objective measures of the behaviour of interest or a combination of both.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Atividade Motora , Comportamento Sedentário , Acelerometria , Lista de Checagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pais , Projetos Piloto , Jogos e Brinquedos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Autorrelato , Esportes
14.
Pediatr Int ; 57(3): 455-60, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25907599

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Effective preventive interventions for both eating disorders and obesity in adolescence should be focused on shared risk factors. We analyzed the association between television (TV) viewing time and the risk of eating disorders, as well as the potential role of obesity in this association. METHODS: The sample consisted of a total of 3458 Spanish adolescents, aged 13-18.5 years, from the Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents (AVENA) and Physical Activity as a Preventive Measure of the Development of Overweight, Obesity, Allergies, Infections, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents (AFINOS) studies. Adolescents' TV time was assessed by self-report. Body mass index was calculated and the adolescents were classified into non-overweight and overweight-obesity. The risk of eating disorders was evaluated using the SCOFF questionnaire. RESULTS: Adolescents who watched TV >1 h/day had a higher risk for eating disorders, compared with those adolescents who watch TV <1 h/day. Also, overweight-obese adolescents had a higher risk for eating disorders than those who were non-overweight. Analyses across groups of TV viewing time and weight status showed similar trends, so that the higher the time spent in TV viewing, the higher the risk of eating disorders, regardless of weight status. CONCLUSIONS: TV viewing time might be a focal point for prevention of both eating disorders and obesity in adolescence.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Autorrelato , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
15.
Public Health Nutr ; 17(10): 2295-306, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24103326

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in European children, and to evaluate the relationship between media availability in personal space and physical activity in relation to total screen time. DESIGN: Data from the baseline IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) cross-sectional survey. Information on hours of television/digital video disk/video viewing and computer/games-console use (weekday and weekend days), media device availability in personal space, sports club membership, hours of active organized play and commuting (to and from school) were assessed via a self-reported parental questionnaire. Total screen time was defined as the sum of daily media use and subsequently dichotomized into meeting or not meeting the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. SETTING: Eight survey centres (Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary and Spain). SUBJECTS: Children (n 15 330; 51% males) aged 2-10 years. RESULTS: Percentage of children engaged in total screen time for >2 h/d was higher on weekend days (52% v. 20% on weekdays) and in the older group (71% in males; 57% in females), varying by country. Children with a television set in their bedroom were more likely not to meet the screen time recommendations (OR = 1·54; 95% CI 1·60, 1·74). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately a third of the children failed to meet current screen time recommendations. Availability of a television set in personal space increased the risk of excess total screen time. This information could be used to identify potential targets for public health promotion actions of young population groups.


Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Atividade Motora , Política Nutricional , Cooperação do Paciente , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores Etários , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil/etnologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dieta/etnologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Pais , Cooperação do Paciente/etnologia , Comportamento Sedentário/etnologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Sociedades Médicas , Esportes , Meios de Transporte
16.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 78(3): 202-208, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38093098

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference diet to promote healthy diets within planetary boundaries. Studies evaluating the associations between the reference diet with health outcomes among adolescents are scarce. Thus, our aim was to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiovascular health among European adolescents. METHODS: Data from the HELENA study were used. Usual dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed using the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), a 16-component index that ranges from 0 to 150 points. Cardiovascular health was assessed through the seven-component Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) score: never smoked, eutrophic body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, healthy dietary pattern, low blood pressure, low fasting plasma glucose, and low total cholesterol. Total ICH score was categorized into ideal (5-7) and non-ideal (0-4). RESULTS: A 10-point increment in the PHDI was associated with a lower probability of a non-ideal ICH status (OR 0.84, [95% CI: 0.75, 0.94]) among European adolescents, after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, and total energy intake. Furthermore, a 10-point increment in the PHDI was associated with lower probability of high blood pressure (OR: 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]) and a lower probability of high blood cholesterol (OR: 0.88 [0.78, 0.99]). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that a higher PHDI may be associated with a better cardiovascular health status among European adolescents.


Assuntos
Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Humanos , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta Saudável , Colesterol
17.
J Am Nutr Assoc ; 42(1): 55-66, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35512776

RESUMO

One of the current main public health problems is the prevalence of obesity in children. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as poor dietary habits, high sedentary screen time (SST), and low levels of physical activity (PA) have a strong tendency to track from childhood into adulthood. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the association between meeting or not meeting the PA and SST recommendations and the consumption of different food groups.Data were obtained from a sample of European adolescents from the multicenter cross-sectional HELENA study. In all, 1448 adolescents from 8 cities were included. PA was objectively measured by accelerometry and dietary intake by 24-hour dietary records. Adolescents were grouped according to PA and SST recommendations.In both sexes, intake of savory snacks was higher in those groups who did not meet any of the recommendations (p < 0.05). For males, those who met both recommendations were more likely to drink/eat milk, yogurt, and water (p < 0.05). Those not meeting recommendations were more likely to drink sugar-sweetened beverages (p < 0.05). For females, those not meeting recommendations were less likely to eat fruits and vegetables and more likely to have a higher intake of fats and oils (p < 0.05).Those adolescents meeting PA and SST recommendations had a higher intake of healthy foods, like fruit and vegetables and dairy products. However, the negative relationship unhealthier food and SST is stronger in males independently of PA. More studies assessing the combined effect of both PA and SST regarding dietary habits in children and adolescents are needed.


Assuntos
Obesidade Infantil , Tempo de Tela , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Verduras , População Europeia
18.
Pediatr Obes ; 18(10): e13068, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37525363

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle behaviours related to diet and physical activity are associated with increased risk of obesity and evidence suggests that associations might be stronger when a synergetic effect is examined. OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between diet, screen time (ST) and step recommendations and risk of overweight and obesity in European preschoolers participating in the ToyBox-study. METHODS: In this cluster-randomized clinical trial, 718 children (51.4% boys) from six European countries participated. Parents filled out questionnaires with information on socio-demographic status, step recommendations and ST. RESULTS: Longitudinal results indicate that participants having a low Diet Quality Index (DQI), not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had higher odds of having overweight/obesity at T1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.104-2.562) than those children having a high DQI and meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1. Similarly, participants having a high DQI, but not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had increased odds of having overweight/obesity (OR = 2.515; 95% CI = 1.171-3.021). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of participants having a low DQI, not adhering to both step and ST recommendations was very high, and it was associated with a higher probability of having overweight and obesity.


Assuntos
Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Masculino , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade/complicações , Dieta , Exercício Físico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia
19.
Foods ; 12(24)2023 Dec 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38137262

RESUMO

Dietary diversity (DD) plays a crucial role in fostering high-quality diets, but its association with health outcomes, particularly body adiposity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is inconsistent. This may be due to a lack of a standardized method for estimating DD. Our study investigates the association between two DD indices, namely the dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS), and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and diet quality in a large population sample from the I.Family study across research centers in eight European countries. In our cross-sectional analysis of 3035 participants, DDSs varied among countries, with a higher prevalence in the third DDS tertile among those with higher education. DDS showed a positive association with diet quality across all age groups. Higher DDS tertile individuals showed increased fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, greater meal frequency, and lower ultra-processed food consumption. No relevant biochemical differences were observed across DDS tertiles, and a higher DDS was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence only in adults. No significant associations were found with FVS. Our findings emphasize the need to consider food groups for a more accurate estimation of diet quality. This aligns with studies suggesting DDS alone is not an independent risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents. Public health programs should prioritize food diversity to promote improved nutrition and overall well-being in communities.

20.
Eur J Epidemiol ; 27(9): 705-15, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22911022

RESUMO

Early television exposure has been associated with various health outcomes including childhood obesity. This paper describes associations between patterns of television viewing, on one hand, and diet, taste preference and weight status, on the other, in European preschoolers and schoolchildren. The IDEFICS baseline survey was conducted at examination centers in Italy, Estonia, Cyprus, Belgium, Sweden, Germany, Hungary, and Spain. 15,144 children aged 2-9 completed the basic protocol, including anthropometry and parental questionnaires on their diets and television habits. A subsample of 1,696 schoolchildren underwent further sensory testing for fat and sweet taste preferences. Three dichotomous indicators described: children's habitual television exposure time; television viewing during meals; and having televisions in their bedrooms. Based on these variables we investigated television habits in relation to overweight (IOTF) and usual consumption of foods high in fat and sugar. A possible role of taste preference in the latter association was tested in the sensory subgroup. All television indicators were significantly associated with increased risk of overweight, with odds ratios ranging from 1.21 to 1.30, in fully adjusted models. Children's propensities to consume high-fat and high-sugar foods were positively and, in most analyses, monotonically associated with high-risk television behaviors. The associations between television and diet propensities were not explained by preference for added fat or sugar in test foods. To summarize, in addition to being more overweight, children with high-risk television behaviors may, independent of objectively measured taste preferences for fat and sugar, passively overconsume higher-fat and particularly higher-sugar diets.


Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Preferências Alimentares , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Paladar , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Pais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Percepção Gustatória
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