Current Trend of Using Anti-Hypertensives in Pregnancy and Postpartum Period in a Tertiary Level Hospital.

Hypertensive disorders are one of the most common disorders in pregnancy. They are amongst the major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Incidence is increasing in developing countries like Bangladesh. This cross sectional descriptive study has done to observe the utilization of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and conducted from January 2016 to December 2016 in the department of Pharmacology in collaboration with department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Non random purposive sampling technique was used. Total of 300 patients participated in the study, 281 anti partum and 19 postpartum. Age distribution showed 42% patients were in 21-25 years age group. Majority of the participants (91%) were housewife and majority (79%) came from poor socioeconomic status with below SSC education (68%). About 82% patients lived in rural area. Trimester and gravida wise distribution showed most of the participants were 3rd trimester (61%) and primigravida (57%) and only 6% patients belong to postpartum period. In this study preeclampsia was highest (63.8%) among all other types of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy. Majority of the patient were preferred for dual therapy (53%), mono therapy was used in 29% of cases. Most frequently given drug in pregnancy associated hypertension was methyldopa that is 88.33% (single 22.3%, combination 66%). Second most commonly used drug was nifidipine consisting of 47.6% but used in combination in all cases. Average number of anti hypertensive drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.87 and majorities (92%) were from essential drug list but used as trade name. Preeclampsia and eclampsia were more common among the hypertensive disorders in tertiary level hospital cases. Methyldopa was found to be the commonest prescribed antihypertensive in monotherapy and in combination.

Current Trends of Using Antimicrobials and Their Sensitivity Pattern in Infectious Cases at Department of Orthopedics in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to analyse the current trends of using antimicrobials at orthopaedics department in different surgical procedures and observe the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of infective organisms in postoperative wound infection cases at the department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital with collaboration of department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh from January 2016 to December 2016. Among 253 orthopaedics surgical cases Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Aminoglycoside group were commonly prescribed antimicrobials that had been use postoperatively in most of the Orthopaedics cases. Rate of occurring postoperative wound infection was 18.58%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36.17%) was the predominant microorganisms in our study followed by Klebsiellae (12.77%), Proteus (10.64%), Escherichia coli and (6.38%) Enterococcus (4.25%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited sensitivities to Gentamicin (35.29%), Amikacin (35.29%). Good sensitivities patterns for Klebsiellae in our study were shown to Imipenam (100%), Gentamicin (20%). Sensitivity patterns for Proteus in our study were shown to Imipenam (80%), Gentamicin (20%). Enterococcus in our study showed good sensitivities against Imipenam (100%), Linezolid (100%). Cephalosporin generation showed more resistance.

A study on the Effect of Captopril on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Captopril on Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats in the Department of Pharmacology, Mymensingh Medical College and Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh. Gentamicin antibiotic is most commonly employed clinically because of their potent bactericidal activities against Gram negative bacterial infections, less bacterial resistance, post-antibiotic effects and low cost. Gentamicin is associated with an induction of slow rises in serum creatinine, inflammation and perivascular edema, tubular degeneration and necrosis, tubular debris collection, glomerular atrophy which ultimately show the way to renal dysfunction. In spite of continued attractive efforts during the last decade, antioxidants like medicinal plants and different classes of drugs which were promised to reduce or ameliorate Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity is yet a matter of debate. This study was aimed at inducing nephrotoxicity by injection Gentamicin and estimating the renal damage biochemically by measuring serum creatinine and perform histopathology of renal cortex in support of biochemical findings both in control groups, nephrotoxic and Captopril treated rats; also to determine the comparison between the concomitant and post effects of Captopril on control and nephrotoxic rats and to estimate the effect of Gentamicin withdrawal, 7 days after last injection in rats.

Resonant photoemission from complex cuprates and nickelates.

Synchrotron-excited resonant-photoemission measurements at rare-earth 4d --> 4f and transition-metal 3p --> 3d thresholds have been carried out using a variety of complex cuprates and nickelates on stations 6.1 (grazing-incidence monochromator) and 6.2 (toroidal-grating monochromator) at the SRS CLRC Daresbury Laboratory. The systems studied are Nd(2)Ni(1 - x)Cu(x)O(4), La(2 - x)Sr(x)Ni(1- y)Fe(y)O(4 + delta) and Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(1 - x)Y(x)Cu(2)O(8 + delta). A combination of EDC and constant-initial-state data is used to examine the 4f and 3d contributions to the valence-band density of states and their binding-energy positions relative to the Fermi energy. This allows the study of the valence states of the transition-metal ions and their modulation on doping. For La(2 - x)Sr(x)Ni(1 - y)Fe(y)O(4 + delta), this approach is used to infer a valence state of >/= 3.0 for Fe. In the case of Bi(2)Sr(2)Ca(1 - x)Y(x)Cu(2)O(8 + delta), the effect of Cu valence modulation on the 3p resonance is observed as x is varied. This is discussed in the light of controversy surrounding shifts in core-level photoemission with doping for this system.