RESUMO
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not benefited from innovative immunotherapies, mainly because of the lack of actionable immune targets. Using an original proteogenomic approach, we analyzed the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I)-associated immunopeptidome of 19 primary AML samples and identified 58 tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). These TSAs bore no mutations and derived mainly (86%) from supposedly non-coding genomic regions. Two AML-specific aberrations were instrumental in the biogenesis of TSAs, intron retention, and epigenetic changes. Indeed, 48% of TSAs resulted from intron retention and translation, and their RNA expression correlated with mutations of epigenetic modifiers (e.g., DNMT3A). AML TSA-coding transcripts were highly shared among patients and were expressed in both blasts and leukemic stem cells. In AML patients, the predicted number of TSAs correlated with spontaneous expansion of cognate T cell receptor clonotypes, accumulation of activated cytotoxic T cells, immunoediting, and improved survival. These TSAs represent attractive targets for AML immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Epitopos/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Epigênese Genética/genética , Epigênese Genética/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Mutação/genética , Mutação/imunologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is gaining importance for cell and gene therapy, and requires a shift from dormancy state to activation and cycling. However, abnormal or excessive HSC activation results in reduced self-renewal ability and increased propensity for myeloid-biased differentiation. We now report that activation of the E3 ligase complex CRL3KBTBD4 by UM171 not only induces epigenetic changes through CoREST1 degradation but also controls chromatin-bound master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism (MYC) levels to prevent excessive activation and maintain lympho-myeloid potential of expanded populations. Furthermore, reconstitution activity and multipotency of UM171-treated HSCs are specifically compromised when MYC levels are experimentally increased despite degradation of CoREST1.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Hematopoese , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Ciclo Celular , Diferenciação CelularRESUMO
Despite tremendous progress made toward the identification of the molecular circuitry that governs cell fate in embryonic stem cells, genes controlling this process in the adult hematopoietic stem cell have proven to be more difficult to unmask. We now report the results of a novel gain-of-function screening approach, which identified a series of 18 nuclear factors that affect hematopoietic stem cell activity. Overexpression of ten of these factors resulted in an increased repopulating activity compared to unmanipulated cells. Interestingly, at least four of the 18 factors, Fos, Tcfec, Hmgb1, and Sfpi1, show non-cell-autonomous functions. The utilization of this screening method together with the creation of a database enriched for potential determinants of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal will serve as a resource to uncover regulatory networks in these cells.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Adultas/citologia , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Proteínas Nucleares/análise , Células-Tronco Adultas/metabolismo , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células NIH 3T3 , Organismos Livres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMO
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) underlies the uncontrolled accumulation of immature myeloid blasts. Several cytogenetic abnormalities have been associated with AML. Among these is the NUP98-HOXA9 (NA9) translocation that fuses the Phe-Gly repeats of nucleoporin NUP98 to the homeodomain of the transcription factor HOXA9. The mechanisms enabling NA9-induced leukemia are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a genetic screen in Drosophila for modifiers of NA9. The screen uncovered 29 complementation groups, including genes with mammalian homologs known to impinge on NA9 activity. Markedly, the modifiers encompassed a diversity of functional categories, suggesting that NA9 perturbs multiple intracellular events. Unexpectedly, we discovered that NA9 promotes cell fate transdetermination and that this phenomenon is greatly influenced by NA9 modifiers involved in epigenetic regulation. Together, our work reveals a network of genes functionally connected to NA9 that not only provides insights into its mechanism of action, but also represents potential therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/genética , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/fisiologia , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/metabolismo , Oncogenes/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Translocação Genética/genéticaRESUMO
Zinc finger (ZnF) proteins represent one of the largest families of human proteins, although most remain uncharacterized. Given that numerous ZnF proteins are able to interact with DNA and poly(ADP ribose), there is growing interest in understanding their mechanism of action in the maintenance of genome integrity. We now report that the ZnF protein E4F transcription factor 1 (E4F1) is an actor in DNA repair. Indeed, E4F1 is rapidly recruited, in a poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent manner, to DNA breaks and promotes ATR/CHK1 signaling, DNA-end resection, and subsequent homologous recombination. Moreover, we identify E4F1 as a regulator of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex in DNA repair. E4F1 binds to the catalytic subunit BRG1/SMARCA4 and together with PARP-1 mediates its recruitment to DNA lesions. We also report that a proportion of human breast cancers show amplification and overexpression of E4F1 or BRG1 that are mutually exclusive with BRCA1/2 alterations. Together, these results reveal a function of E4F1 in the DNA damage response that orchestrates proper signaling and repair of double-strand breaks and document a molecular mechanism for its essential role in maintaining genome integrity and cell survival.
Assuntos
Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Reparo do DNA , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Dano ao DNA , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Inativação Gênica , Recombinação Homóloga , Humanos , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Repressoras/deficiência , Transdução de Sinais , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/deficiênciaRESUMO
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood cell homeostasis throughout life and can regenerate all blood lineages after transplantation. Despite this clear functional definition, highly enriched isolation of human HSCs can currently only be achieved through combinatorial assessment of multiple surface antigens. Although several transgenic HSC reporter mouse strains have been described, no analogous approach to prospectively isolate human HSCs has been reported. To identify genes with the most selective expression in human HSCs, we profiled population and single-cell transcriptomes of unexpanded and ex vivo cultured cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as well as peripheral blood, adult bone marrow, and fetal liver. On the basis of these analyses, we propose the master transcription factor HLF (hepatic leukemia factor) as one of the most specific HSC marker genes. To directly track its expression in human hematopoietic cells, we developed a genomic HLF reporter strategy, capable of selectively labeling the most immature blood cells on the basis of a single engineered parameter. Most importantly, HLF-expressing cells comprise all stem cell activity in culture and in vivo during serial transplantation. Taken together, these results experimentally establish HLF as a defining gene of the human HSC state and outline a new approach to continuously mark these cells with high fidelity.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/genética , Expressão Gênica , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Hematopoese , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Análise de Célula ÚnicaRESUMO
RUNX1 is mutated in â¼10% of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although most RUNX1 mutations in this disease are believed to be acquired, they can also be germline. Indeed, germline RUNX1 mutations result in the well-described autosomal-dominant familial platelet disorder with predisposition to hematologic malignancies (RUNX1-FPD, FPD/AML, FPDMM); â¼44% of affected individuals progress to AML or myelodysplastic syndromes. Using the Leucegene RUNX1 AML patient group, we sought to investigate the proportion of germline vs acquired RUNX1 mutations in this cohort. Our results showed that 30% of RUNX1 mutations in our AML cohort are germline. Molecular profiling revealed higher frequencies of NRAS mutations and other mutations known to activate various signaling pathways in these patients with RUNX1 germline-mutated AML. Moreover, 2 patients (mother and son) had co-occurrence of RUNX1 and CEBPA germline mutations, with variable AML disease onset at 59 and 27 years, respectively. Together, these data suggest a higher than anticipated frequency of germline RUNX1 mutations in the Leucegene cohort and further highlight the importance of testing for RUNX1 mutations in instances in which allogeneic stem cell transplantation using a related donor is envisioned.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Proteínas Estimuladoras de Ligação a CCAAT/genética , Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Fator de Transcrição GATA2/genética , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutação , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrognósticoRESUMO
Chromatin modulators are emerging as attractive drug targets, given their widespread implication in human cancers and susceptibility to pharmacological inhibition. Here we establish the histone methyltransferase G9a/EHMT2 as a selective regulator of fast proliferating myeloid progenitors with no discernible function in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), loss of G9a significantly delays disease progression and reduces leukemia stem cell (LSC) frequency. We connect this function of G9a to its methyltransferase activity and its interaction with the leukemogenic transcription factor HoxA9 and provide evidence that primary human AML cells are sensitive to G9A inhibition. Our results highlight a clinical potential of G9A inhibition as a means to counteract the proliferation and self-renewal of AML cells by attenuating HoxA9-dependent transcription.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Células HEK293 , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/enzimologia , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Quinazolinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
FLT3, DNMT3A, and NPM1 are the most frequently mutated genes in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but little is known about how these mutations synergize upon cooccurrence. Here we show that triple-mutated AML is characterized by high leukemia stem cell (LSC) frequency, an aberrant leukemia-specific GPR56 highCD34low immunophenotype, and synergistic upregulation of Hepatic Leukemia Factor (HLF). Cell sorting based on the LSC marker GPR56 allowed isolation of triple-mutated from DNMT3A/NPM1 double-mutated subclones. Moreover, in DNMT3A R882-mutated patients, CpG hypomethylation at the HLF transcription start site correlated with high HLF mRNA expression, which was itself associated with poor survival. Loss of HLF via CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced the CD34+GPR56+ LSC compartment of primary human triple-mutated AML cells in serial xenotransplantation assays. HLF knockout cells were more actively cycling when freshly harvested from mice, but rapidly exhausted when reintroduced in culture. RNA sequencing of primary human triple-mutated AML cells after shRNA-mediated HLF knockdown revealed the NOTCH target Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1C/p57 as novel targets of HLF, potentially mediating these effects. Overall, our data establish HLF as a novel LSC regulator in this genetically defined high-risk AML subgroup.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina Básica/metabolismo , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Animais , Biomarcadores , Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Biologia Computacional/métodos , DNA Metiltransferase 3A , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Duplicação Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Camundongos Transgênicos , Mutação , Nucleofosmina , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem , Sítio de Iniciação de Transcrição , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Fanconi Anemia (FA) clinical phenotypes are heterogenous and rely on a mutation in one of the 22 FANC genes (FANCA-W) involved in a common interstrand DNA crosslink-repair pathway. A critical step in the activation of FA pathway is the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and its binding partner FANCI. To better address the clinical phenotype associated with FANCI and the epistatic relationship with FANCD2, we created the first conditional inactivation model for FANCI in mouse. Fanci -/- mice displayed typical FA features such as delayed development in utero, microphtalmia, cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C, occasional limb abnormalities and hematological deficiencies. Interestingly, the deletion of Fanci leads to a strong meiotic phenotype and severe hypogonadism. FANCI was localized in spermatocytes and spermatids and in the nucleus of oocytes. Both FANCI and FANCD2 proteins co-localized with RPA along meiotic chromosomes, albeit at different levels. Consistent with a role in meiotic recombination, FANCI interacted with RAD51 and stimulated D-loop formation, unlike FANCD2. The double knockout Fanci-/- Fancd2-/- also showed epistatic relationship for hematological defects while being not epistatic with respect to generating viable mice in crosses of double heterozygotes. Collectively, this study highlights common and distinct functions of FANCI and FANCD2 during mouse development, meiotic recombination and hematopoiesis.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação D2 da Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Proteínas de Grupos de Complementação da Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Anemia de Fanconi/metabolismo , Anemia de Fanconi/patologia , Proteína do Grupo de Complementação D2 da Anemia de Fanconi/metabolismo , Proteínas de Grupos de Complementação da Anemia de Fanconi/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Oócitos/metabolismo , Rad51 Recombinase/genética , Rad51 Recombinase/metabolismo , Espermatócitos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aims to identify a novel potential use for web portals in health care and health research: their adoption for the purposes of rapidly sharing health research findings with clinicians, scientists, and patients. In the era of precision medicine and learning health systems, the translation of research findings into targeted therapies depends on the availability of big data and emerging research results. Web portals may work to promote the availability of novel research, working in tandem with traditional scientific publications and conference proceedings. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the potential use of web portals, which facilitate the sharing of health research findings among researchers, clinicians, patients, and the public. It also summarizes the potential legal, ethical, and policy implications associated with such tools for public use and in the management of patient care for complex diseases. METHODS: This study broadly adopts the methods for scoping literature reviews outlined by Arskey and O'Malley in 2005. Raised by the integration of web portals into patient care for complex diseases, we systematically searched 3 databases, PubMed, Scopus, and WestLaw Next, for sources describing web portals for sharing health research findings among clinicians, researchers, and patients and their associated legal, ethical, and policy challenges. Of the 719 candidate source citations, 22 were retained for the review. RESULTS: We found varied and inconsistent treatment of web portals for sharing health research findings among clinicians, researchers, and patients. Although the literature supports the view that portals of this kind are potentially highly promising, they remain novel and are not yet widely adopted. We also found a wide range of discussions on the legal, ethical, and policy issues related to the use of web portals to share research data. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 5 important legal and ethical challenges: privacy and confidentiality, patient health literacy, equity, training, and decision-making. We contend that each of these has meaningful implications for the increased integration of web portals into clinical care.
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Portais do Paciente , Bibliometria , Big Data , HumanosRESUMO
High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) improves survival in patients with chemosensitive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Determination of the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) has contributed to improve patient selection while allowing for prediction of nonrelapse mortality. We previously demonstrated the efficacy and safety of AHSCT in a cohort of older patients with chemosensitive NHL. Quality of life following AHSCT still has not been widely evaluated. The goal of this study was to assess the long-term quality of life of elderly patients surviving AHSCT. This single-center, Research and Ethics Committee-approved study investigated QoL in survivors of AHSCT for the treatment of NHL in a cohort of older patients. Inclusion criteria were defined as patients age ≥60 years who underwent AHSCT for NHL between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2015, at our center. Fifty-nine patients from the original cohort of 90 survived at a median of 50 months post-AHSCT. Forty-seven (79.7%) of those patients agreed to complete the QoL assessment questionnaires after the transplantation and are included in this report. All patients provided signed informed consent. We used the EQ-5D instrument to assess mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplant (FACT-BMT) questionnaire to assess physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being and BMT-specific concerns. With both tools, a higher score indicates better QoL. Fifteen percent of patients were in relapse at the time of the QoL assessment. In the EQ-5D, few patients (9%) reported severe impairment, which requires significant negative effects in 4 or 5 domains. Lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score at the time of transplantation was negatively correlated with mobility (P= .001), self-care (P= .001), and usual activities (P= .007) dysfunction. Anxiety was significant for patients in relapsed after transplantation (P= .002). FACT-BMT questionnaire results demonstrated that physical, social, and emotional well-being were all well preserved after the transplantation, whereas functional well-being was more variable among patients. Relapse was associated with impaired functional well-being (P= .007) and lower total FACT-BMT score (P= .014). Other comparators, including the conditioning regimen, sex, age subgroups (<65 or ≥65 years), HCT-CI score, and disease status at transplantation, did not impact any of these outcomes. This study demonstrates that physical, social, and functional well-being are preserved in older patients following AHSCT. Low KPS score before AHSCT is a predictor of disability at distance from AHSCT. Relapse following AHSCT remains the most significant impediment to maintaining a good QoL. Innovative interventions to improve performance status before transplantation and measures to prevent relapse thereafter should be investigated to improve survival and QoL.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma não Hodgkin/mortalidade , Linfoma não Hodgkin/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Autoenxertos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Haplo-identical donors have been increasingly used as an alternative source of stem cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia in need of an allogeneic transplantation but lack a matched donor. Single cord blood (CB) transplant also offers a curative option for this disease, but few adult patients have been reported due to low number of progenitor cells leading to prolonged cytopenias and a high risk of infections. CB stem cell expansion may theoretically solve these pitfalls but has not been used previously in non-malignant diseases, likely due to fear of graft rejection and lack of availability of expanded CBs outside clinical trials. We report the first case of an adult patient with severe aplastic anemia who was successfully transplanted with a UM171-expanded CB graft. After a conditioning of rabbit antithymocyte globulin, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation, a UM171 expanded graft of 3.29 × 106 CD34 + cells/kg (a 51-fold increase) was infused. Full donor chimerism was observed on day + 14, with neutrophil and platelet engraftment on days + 23 and + 27. There was no severe infection or graft-vs-host disease. UM171-expanded grafts offer a valuable option for patients with aplastic anemia in need of transplantation but have no suitable donor.
Assuntos
Anemia Aplástica/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Anemia Aplástica/diagnóstico , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/métodos , Rejeição de Enxerto , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Doadores de Tecidos , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Long-term survival in patients progressing after tandem autologous-allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) has been reported, suggesting a persistent graft-vs-myeloma (GvM) effect even after post-transplant progression. METHODS: In order to confirm this observation, we updated the results of our previously published cohort of 92 newly diagnosed myeloma patients who received tandem transplant and compared them with 81 contemporary patients who received autologous transplant only. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 13.1 and 10.2 years, respectively, median overall survival (OS) in the tandem group has not been reached, compared with 6.1 years after auto-SCT (P ≤ .001). Disease progression occurred less frequently after tandem transplant, with an estimated 10-year cumulative incidence of 49% vs 76% (P ≤ .001). Cumulative incidence of extensive chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) was high at 83%, with modest benefits on OS (60% vs 49%, P = .550) but sharp improvement of progression-free survival (PFS; 55% vs 10%, P = .002) at 10 years associated with development of cGVHD. After first progression, median OS was 5.8 years in tandem and 5.2 years in the auto-group (P = .062); median PFS was also similar. CONCLUSION: Despite confirmation of better outcomes after upfront tandem transplant, our data do not support persistence of a strong, clinically significant graft-vs-myeloma effect after first progression, emphasizing the need to better characterize the GvM effect.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mieloma Múltiplo , Autoenxertos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In this study, we show the high frequency of spontaneous γδ T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) occurrence in mice with biallelic deletion of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2). Tumor cells show little residual H3K27 trimethylation marks compared with controls. EZH2 is a component of the PRC2 Polycomb group protein complex, which is associated with DNA methyltransferases. Using next-generation sequencing, we identify alteration in gene expression levels of EZH2 and acquired mutations in PRC2-associated genes (DNMT3A and JARID2) in human adult T-ALL. Together, these studies document that deregulation of EZH2 and associated genes leads to the development of mouse, and likely human, T-ALL.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Doença Aguda , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2 , Proteínas do Grupo Polycomb , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and presents a challenge in haploidentical HSCT. GVHD may be prevented by ex vivo graft T-cell depletion or in vivo depletion of proliferating lymphocytes. However, both approaches pose significant risks, particularly infections and relapse, compromising survival. A photodepletion strategy to eliminate alloreactive T cells from mismatched donor lymphocyte infusions (enabling administration without immunosuppression), was used to develop ATIR101, an adjunctive therapy for use after haploidentical HSCT. In this phase I dose-finding study, 19 adults (median age: 54 years) with high-risk haematological malignancies were treated with T-cell-depleted human leucocyte antigen-haploidentical myeloablative HSCT followed by ATIR101 at doses of 1 × 104 -5 × 106 CD3+ cells/kg (median 31 days post-transplant). No patient received post-transplant immunosuppression or developed grade III/IV acute GVHD, demonstrating the feasibility of ATIR101 infusion for evaluation in two subsequent phase 2 studies. Additionally, we report long-term follow -up of patients treated with ATIR101 in this study. At 1 year, all 9 patients receiving doses of 0·3-2 × 106 CD3+ cells/kg ATIR101 remained free of serious infections and after more than 8 years, TRM was 0%, relapse-related mortality was 33% and overall survival was 67% in these patients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodosRESUMO
Neomorphic missense mutations affecting crucial lysine residues in histone H3 genes significantly contribute to a variety of solid cancers. Despite the high prevalence of H3K27M mutations in pediatric glioblastoma and their well-established impact on global histone H3 lysine 27 di- and trimethylation (H3K27me2/3), the relevance of these mutations has not been studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we report the first identification of H3K27M and H3K27I mutations in patients with AML. We find that these lesions are major determinants of reduced H3K27me2/3 in these patients and that they are associated with common aberrations in the RUNX1 gene. We demonstrate that H3K27I/M mutations are strong disease accelerators in a RUNX1-RUNX1T1 AML mouse model, suggesting that H3K27me2/3 has an important and selective leukemia-suppressive activity in this genetic context.
Assuntos
Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Histonas/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Transformação Genética , Adolescente , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Metilação de DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Lisina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteína 1 Parceira de Translocação de RUNX1/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
A small subset of human cord blood CD34+ cells express endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR/CD201/PROCR) when exposed to the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal agonist UM171. In this article, we show that EPCR-positive UM171-treated cells, as opposed to EPCR-negative cells, exhibit robust multilineage repopulation and serial reconstitution ability in immunocompromised mice. In contrast to other stem cell markers, such as CD38, EPCR expression is maintained when cells are introduced in culture, irrespective of UM171 treatment. Although engineered overexpression of EPCR fails to reproduce the effects of UM171 on HSC activity, its expression is required for the repopulating activity of human HSCs. Altogether, our results indicate that EPCR is a reliable and cell culture-compatible marker of UM171-expanded human cord blood HSCs.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD34/análise , Antígenos CD/análise , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Indóis/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor de Proteína C Endotelial , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCIDRESUMO
Several growth factors (GFs) that together promote quiescent human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion ex vivo have been identified; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these GFs regulate the survival, proliferation. and differentiation of human HSCs remain poorly understood. We now describe experiments in which we used mass cytometry to simultaneously measure multiple surface markers, transcription factors, active signaling intermediates, viability, and cell-cycle indicators in single CD34+ cord blood cells before and up to 2 hours after their stimulation with stem cell factor, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, interleukin-3, interleukin-6, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 GFs) either alone or combined. Cells with a CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+CD49f+ (CD49f+) phenotype (â¼10% HSCs with >6-month repopulating activity in immunodeficient mice) displayed rapid increases in activated STAT1/3/5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, AKT, CREB, and S6 by 1 or more of these GFs, and ß-catenin only when the 5 GFs were combined. Certain minority subsets within the CD49f+ compartment were poorly GF-responsive and, among the more GF-responsive subsets of CD49f+ cells, different signaling intermediates correlated with the levels of the myeloid- and lymphoid-associated transcription factors measured. Phenotypically similar, but CD90-CD49f- cells (MPPs) contained lower baseline levels of multiple signaling intermediates than the CD90+CD49f+ cells, but showed similar response amplitudes to the same GFs. Importantly, we found activation or inhibition of AKT and ß-catenin directly altered immediate CD49f+ cell survival and proliferation. These findings identify rapid signaling events that 5 GFs elicit directly in the most primitive human hematopoietic cell types to promote their survival and proliferation.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Camundongos , Fatores de TranscriçãoRESUMO
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling has enabled non-supervised classification of tumours, revealing different sub-groups characterized by specific gene expression features. However, the biological significance of these subtypes remains for the most part unclear. We describe herein an interactive platform, Minimum Spanning Trees Inferred Clustering (MiSTIC), that integrates the direct visualization and comparison of the gene correlation structure between datasets, the analysis of the molecular causes underlying co-variations in gene expression in cancer samples, and the clinical annotation of tumour sets defined by the combined expression of selected biomarkers. We have used MiSTIC to highlight the roles of specific transcription factors in breast cancer subtype specification, to compare the aspects of tumour heterogeneity targeted by different prognostic signatures, and to highlight biomarker interactions in AML. A version of MiSTIC preloaded with datasets described herein can be accessed through a public web server (http://mistic.iric.ca); in addition, the MiSTIC software package can be obtained (github.com/iric-soft/MiSTIC) for local use with personalized datasets.