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1.
Health Promot Pract ; 13(4): 489-95, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21422258

RESUMO

Bullying in schools has become recognized as a significant public health problem. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) has been identified as an effective means to reduce bullying behavior in schools. The goal of this large population-based initiative was to reduce bullying by producing a quantifiable change in school climate using an established program and standardized measurement tool. Program participants over a 2-year period included 56,137 students and more than 2,400 teachers from 107 schools in 49 counties across Pennsylvania. An age cohorts design was used, and data from two equivalent age cohorts of students were compared at two or more points in time. After 1 to 2 years of program implementation, across cohorts, there were reductions in student self-reports of bullying others, and improvements in student perceptions of adults' responsiveness, and students' attitudes about bullying. This study is the largest bullying prevention initiative to date in the United States. This initiative reaffirms the efficacy of the OBPP, emphasizes the importance of an identified coalition, and highlights several positive outcomes. It is recommended that the OBPP be implemented through the establishment of community partnerships and coalitions as consistent with the public health model.


Assuntos
Atitude , Bullying , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Redes Comunitárias , Feminino , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Cultura Organizacional , Pennsylvania , Violência/prevenção & controle
2.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ; 376(5): 363-73, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18046543

RESUMO

The expression of the negative Regulator of G protein signaling 16 (RGS16) is rapidly induced in cardiomyocytes by various stimuli. To identify the promoter of the mouse RGS16 gene, a 1.8-kb deoxyribonucleic acid fragment 5' of the RGS16-coding region was subcloned into a firefly-luciferase reporter vector and four overlapping fragments were analyzed. The luciferase production was quantified in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCM). A 0.6-kb fragment that induced a tenfold increase in luciferase activity contained the minimal promoter sequence. Its activity was twofold stimulated by fetal calf serum, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which stimuli also elevated the level of RGS16 protein. Stimulation of NRCM with ET-1 induced activation of the monomeric GTPases RhoA and Rac1, whereas S1P and the selective S1P1 receptor agonist SEW2871 only induced a pronounced activation of Rac1. In accordance, the treatment with the Rho-, Rac-, and Cdc42-inactivating Clostridium difficile Toxin B (TcdB) 10463 inhibited ET-1 and S1P-induced transcriptional activation. The ET-1-induced activation was insensitive to pertussis toxin but selectively suppressed by the RhoA-C-specific C2I-C3 ADP-ribosyl transferase and the ET(B) receptor antagonist BQ788. The S1P-induced activation was specifically inhibited by pertussis toxin and the Rac-inactivating TcdB 1470. All stimulated transcriptional activity was abolished by the negative transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which binds to a consensus sequence within the minimal promoter. Taken together, our data show that most likely ET(B)- and S1P1-receptors induce RGS16 protein expression in cardiac myocytes by increasing the transcriptional activity of the rgs16 gene. This activation is mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins, Rho GTPases, and is under negative control of the transcription factor YY1.


Assuntos
Endotelina-1/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Lisofosfolipídeos/fisiologia , Proteínas RGS/metabolismo , Esfingosina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/farmacologia , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Sangue Fetal/metabolismo , Luciferases/metabolismo , Camundongos , Miócitos Cardíacos , Toxina Pertussis/farmacologia , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ratos , Esfingosina/fisiologia , Transcrição Gênica , Fator de Transcrição YY1/metabolismo , Proteínas rac1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteína rhoA de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo
3.
Orthop Nurs ; 35(2): 108-17; quiz 118-9, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27028687

RESUMO

Patient satisfaction with pain management has increasing importance with Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores tied to reimbursement. Previous studies indicate patient satisfaction is influenced by staff interactions. This single-group pre/post design study aimed to improve satisfaction with pain management in older adults undergoing total joint replacement. This was a single-group pre-/posttest design. Nurse (knowledge assessment) and patient (American Pain Society Patient Outcomes Questionnaire Revised [APS-POQ-R], HCAHPS) responses evaluated pre- and postimplementation of the online educational program. Nurse focus group followed intervention. Nurses' knowledge improved significantly (p < .006) postintervention. HCAHPS scores (3-month average) for items reflecting patient satisfaction improved from 70.2 ± 9.5 to 73.9 ± 6.0. APS-POQ-R scores did not change. Focus group comments indicated need for education regarding linkages between pain management and patient satisfaction. Education on linkages between patient satisfaction and pain management can improve outcomes; education on strategies to further improve practice may enhance ability to achieve benchmarks.


Assuntos
Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/educação , Manejo da Dor/enfermagem , Medição da Dor/enfermagem , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Artroplastia de Substituição/enfermagem , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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