Perceived Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Surgical Training: A Brazilian Survey.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies revealed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively impacted residency programs worldwide, particularly procedure-based programs. However, most studies are from high-income countries, with scarce data from low- and middle-income countries. Pandemic effects on surgical training were likely worse in strictly apprenticeship models relying heavily on surgical volume as opposed to competency-based programs. Notably, training programs in Brazil and other low- and middle-income countries follow these strict apprenticeship style frameworks. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the trainees' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on their Brazilian surgical programs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed using an anonymous survey in Portuguese, distributed via social media platforms to surgical residents enrolled in Brazilian surgery programs. Data collection took place from August 2021 to May 2022. The survey contained 30 questions on the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. RESULTS: One-hundred sixty-two residents from 17 different surgical specialties and all five regions of Brazil responded to the survey. Of 162 residents, 145 (89%) believed the pandemic negatively impacted their surgical training. Furthermore, of 162 residents, 153 (94%) reported that elective surgical volume decreased during the pandemic and 91 (56%) were redeployed to assist with COVID-19 management. As a result, 102 of 162 (63%) residents believed their surgical skills were negatively impacted by COVID-19. Yet, 95 of 162 (59%) residents reported their residency programs did not offer resources to mitigate the pandemic's impact on training. Of 162 residents, 57 (35%) reported they did not feel on track for graduation, with no statistical difference between responses by year of residency (P = 0.083). Additionally, 124 of 162 (77%) residents reported that the pandemic negatively affected their mental health, most commonly related to stress at work, stress about transmitting COVID-19, and loss in surgical training. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the surveyed Brazilian surgical residents felt the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted their training. This leads to believe that the detrimental impacts of the pandemic exposed preexisting weaknesses in the Brazilian surgical training model's dependence on a strict apprenticeship model. Our findings suggest a crucial need to redesign surgical education programs to make residency programs more prepared for changes in surgical volume, evolve the apprenticeship model to competency-based approaches, and unify surgical training standards in low- and middle-income countries.

Bullosis diabeticorum as a differential diagnosis for limb ulcers: case report.

Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of diabetes that can affect the upper limbs. It is characterized by spontaneous and painless non-inflammatory bloody blisters, which can progress to necrosis, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other dermatological diseases, such as porphyria cutanea tarda, pseudoporphyria, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and pemphigoid, and vascular diseases, such as vasculitis, peripheral arterial disease, and Buerger's disease, among others. In this report, we describe a 77-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes and hypertension who presented with spontaneous onset of lesions on the upper limbs, initially with bullous characteristics, progressing to necrotic ulcers after spontaneous rupture. A biopsy revealed hyaline thickening of the dermal vessels and subcorneal bullae, consistent with a diagnosis of BD. After smoking cessation and optimization of glycemia control combined with topical corticosteroid therapy, the condition improved and lesions began to heal. This presentation of BD involving the upper limbs is rare, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other cutaneous and vascular lesions.

Facial Fractures Related to Soccer.

ABSTRACT: Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. Despite the concept that soccer is not a violent game, it can lead to several injuries in amateur and professional settings, including facial fractures. Previous studies of facial fractures in soccer were all retrospective and, to date, no prospective studies are available in the literature.The authors performed a comprehensive literature search using the terms "soccer" AND "facial fracture" OR "craniofacial fracture" and "football" AND "facial fracture" OR "craniofacial fracture" and retrieved 693 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were included in the present study.A total of 647 patients had suffered facial trauma, with a male-to-female ratio of 63.7:1. The patients' mean age was 27.3 years.The articles reported 670 fractures as follows: 219 (32.7%) in the zygoma, 197 (29.4%) in the nasal bone, 153 (23.6%) in the mandibula, 54 (8.0%) in the orbital wall, 12 (1.8%) in the frontal sinus, 10 (1.5%) in the alveolar bone, 3 (0.4%) in the maxilla, 3 (0.4%) in a Le Fort pattern, and 1 (0.1%) in a naso-orbito-ethmoid (NOE) pattern.Sports are a frequent cause of maxillofacial trauma and are responsible for 9.2% to 33.2% of such injuries. Soccer is a contact sport more associated with lower-limb injuries, but with a significant rate of facial fractures. As soccer is a popular sport played without facial protection and involving high-intensity movements and contact, the prevention of facial fractures related to this sport is crucial to improve the players' safety.

Access to reconstructive plastic surgery for patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the Unified Health System (SUS).

INTRODUCTION: obesity is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and the most effective treatment to it is the bariatric surgery. One of the negative impacts of this procedure is the body dysmorphia caused by overhanging skin. In Brazil, the national health system - Sistema Único de Sáude (SUS) - provide body contouring surgery to treat post-bariatric patients, since 2007. This article aims to describe the Brazilian public health approach to post bariatric patients and perform an analyze in the Brazilian health care database. METHODS: in Brazilian Health System database, a search for the post-bariatric procedures performed between 2007 to 2021 was done. The variables analyzed were geographic location, year, mean days of hospitalization, death, and mortality rate. Also, we evaluated the number of bariatric procedures done in the same period. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student-t and the chi-square tests and p-value <0.5 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 12,717 plastic surgery procedures in post bariatric patients were done, with a national prevalence of 13.8%. Dermolipectomy was the most performed procedure, with 6,719. The years of 2020 and 2021 suffered a decreased of 64.3% and 70.9% in the number of surgeries (p<0,001). Bariatric Procedures had a high rate and a higher percentage of growth comparing to post bariatric surgery (p<0,001), totalizing 93,589 surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Brazil had a significant number of body contouring surgery, however with a low prevalence. Dermoliepctomy was the most common procedure performed. We could notice a significant impact of COVID pandemic in those procedures .

Lipodystrophy related to HIV-The Brazilian Public Health approach.

BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an unpleasant disorder found in 6%-80% of patients infected with HIV. Brazil has a universal public health system, an effective program for patients diagnosed with HIV, providing lipodystrophy treatment since 2004. The objective of this article is to describe the Brazilian approach to this complication. METHOD: A search in the Brazilian Health Care Legislation and the Brazilian Health System database was conducted to identify all the inclusion criteria and surgical treatment offered to HIV patients with lipodystrophy, identify all the facilities that offer this, and describe their geographic distribution. In addition, the number of procedures performed was obtained. RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were the following:1 diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and lipodystrophy due to the use of antiretroviral drugs for at least 12 months;2 no response or the impossibility of changing ART;3 clinical stability for six months without clinical manifestations suggestive of immunodeficiency in the last 6 months;4 laboratory results showing CD4 cell count >250 cells/mm3 and viral load <10,000 copies/ml in the last 6 months; and5 stable clinical and laboratory parameters. A total of 4,760 procedures were performed, with the most common procedure being facial filler with polymethylmethacrylate. Eleven hospitals were registered to offer this treatment. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Health Care System approach to lipodystrophy has an organized plan with universal and integral coverage. All the procedures offered were safe and well-tolerated, according to the literature. However, regional distribution is the main issue and needs to be improved.

Epidemiology of Burn-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Over 80 Years of Age.

Burns cause greater morbidity and mortality in older patients owing to the physiological changes and functional status declines with age. We sought to characterize the epidemiology of burn injuries in the patient population aged over 80 years. A retrospective analysis of all patients aged >80 years admitted to a tertiary burn center in Brazil over a 10-year period was conducted. Multiple parameters including comorbidities, BSA burned, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, inhalation injury, and revised Baux score were analyzed to assess association with mortality. Twenty-six patients were identified. The overall mortality rate was 42.3%. The mortality rate increased with the TBSA, with 100% mortality at >20% total BSA involvement (P < .001). Inhalation injury occurred in 3 (11.5%) patients, all of whom suffered mortality (P < .001). ICU admission was necessary for 14 (53.8%) patients, out of which 11 (78.6%) did not survive (P < .001). The revised Baux score had a significant impact on the mortality, with higher values among patients who did not survive (89.2 ± 6.2 vs 110.7 ± 17.9, P < .001). Burns cause high mortality in the octogenarian and nonagenarian populations. It is important to stratify patients at high risk, institute prompt treatment and discuss goals of care early on for optimal patient outcomes.

Submerged vascular anastomosis. A technique for vascular suturing in experimental microsurgery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of submersion of the microsurgical anastomosis suture area using saline (0.9% NaCl) in an experimental laboratory during the training of medical students and resident physicians. METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 10) were selected to have the two femoral arteries sectioned and anastomosed end-to-end under optical magnification. They were randomly divided, so that on one side suturing was performed under submersion with saline, and the contralateral side was kept dry during the procedure. The surgical times, as well as the patency within 30 min and 72 h of the procedure, were evaluated. RESULTS: Six male Wistar rats survived the surgical anesthetic procedure, with the average initial weight of 243.3 g and the average artery diameter of 0.86 mm, with average time of 15.67 min for the submerged technique and 20.50 min for the dry technique (p = 0.03). The failure rates were 17 and 50% for the submerged group and the dry one, respectively (p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: Submerged microvascular suture does not compromise the patency of the vessel or increase the time of anastomosis. Therefore, it is a strategy that can be applied by the surgeon according to his/her technical preferences.

Alternativas para onfaloplastia em cirurgia estética do abdome: Revisão da Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica e apresentação da experiência com técnica em H / Alternatives to omphaloplasty in aesthetic surgery of the abdomen: Review of the Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica and presentation of the experience with the technique in H

Introdução: A abdominoplastia está entre os procedimentos estéticos mais procurados na cirurgia plástica nos últimos anos. Dentro da perspectiva da imagem corporal, a confecção do neoumbigo é peça chave, e sua ausência, distorção ou má cicatrização comprometem o resultado cirúrgico. Diversas técnicas foram descritas, mas todas com suas limitações. O objetivo foi reunir um resumo das possibilidades cirúrgicas apresentadas na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP), além de reapresentar a técnica em H. Método: Foi realizada revisão qualitativa da literatura publicada na RBCP no período de 2000 a 2021. Foram incluídos artigos que descrevessem uma proposta de umbilicoplastia, referindo número de pacientes, idade, tempo de seguimento, avaliação da satisfação dos pacientes e complicações; sendo excluídas publicações sem fins estéticos ou pacientes pós grandes perdas ponderais. Resultados: Foram encontrados 38 artigos, sendo excluídos 7 pela análise dos títulos e resumos. Os demais artigos foram revisados por dois autores independentes, sendo realizada a exclusão de mais 20 artigos. No final, 11 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. Conclusão: A onfaloplastia em abdominoplastias pode ser realizada de várias formas, possibilitando uma gama variável de alternativas para os cirurgiões. A técnica em H é mais uma dessas ferramentas, podendo ser amplamente utilizada e trazendo resultados consistentes.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty has been among the most popular cosmetic procedures in plastic surgery in recent years. From the perspective of body image, making the new navel is a key part, and its absence, distortion, or poor healing compromises the surgical result. Several techniques have been described, but all with their limitations. The objective was to gather a summary of the surgical possibilities presented in the na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP), in addition to reintroducing the technique in H. Method: A qualitative review of the literature published in the RBCP in the period from 2000 to 2021 was carried out. Articles were included that described a proposal for umbilicoplasty, referring to the number of patients, age, follow-up time, assessment of patient satisfaction, and complications, excluding publications without aesthetic purposes or patients after major weight loss. Results: 38 articles were found, 7 of which were excluded by analyzing the titles and abstracts. Two independent authors reviewed the other articles, excluding another 20. In the end, 11 articles were included in this review. Conclusion: Omphaloplasty in abdominoplasties can be performed in several ways, providing surgeons with various alternatives. The H technique is one of these tools which can be widely used and bring consistent results.

Análise de pacientes idosos internados por queimaduras no Brasil / Analysis of older patients hospitalized for burns in Brazil

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise das variáveis disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) de idosos queimados internados, e comparar entre idosos maiores e menores de 80 anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo realizado por coleta de dados no DATASUS no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60-79 anos e igual ou maior a 80 anos, sendo avaliadas variáveis como tempo médio de internação, custos com saúde e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: No período estudado, sofreram queimaduras 168.955 pacientes com 60-79 anos e 50.410 com 80 anos ou mais. A maior mortalidade ocorre nos acidentes com chama, seguidos por queimadura de contato, terceiro lugar escaldado e por último queimadura elétrica (p=0,01). A incidência de internações em pessoas com mais de 80 anos é maior do que entre 60-79 anos (p<0,001). Houve relação diretamente proporcional entre idade e tempo de internação apenas nas faixas etárias mais avançadas. Também foi possível verificar que, quanto maiores os custos com saúde, maior a taxa de mortalidade. Conclusão: O tempo de internação é maior em pacientes mais velhos e a maior média de dias de internação está relacionada a maior taxa de mortalidade. Além disso, um maior número de dias de internação não resulta em menor taxa de mortalidade, mostrando que a prevenção e a gestão adequada dos insumos são mais importantes do que grande investimento no tratamento.

Objective: Analyze the available variables on the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) platform of hospitalized burn older people and compare older people over and under 80. Method: A retrospective study collected data in DATASUS from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients aged 60-79 years or older and 80 years or older were included in the study, with variables such as time average hospitalization, healthcare costs, and mortality rate. Results: During the studied period, 168,955 patients aged 60-79 and 50,410 aged 80 or over suffered burns. The highest mortality occurs in flame accidents, followed by contact burns, third-place scalds, and electrical burns (p=0.01). The incidence of hospitalizations in people over 80 is higher than in those aged 60-79 (p<0.001). There was a directly proportional relationship between age and length of stay only in the most advanced age groups. It was also possible to verify that the higher the health costs, the higher the mortality rate. Conclusion: The length of stay is longer in older patients, and the longer average stay is related to a higher mortality rate. Furthermore, a greater number of days of hospitalization does not result in a lower mortality rate, showing that prevention and adequate management of supplies are more important than a large investment in treatment.

Access to reconstructive plastic surgery for patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the Unified Health System (SUS) / Acesso à cirurgia plástica reparadora para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)

ABSTRACT Introduction: obesity is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and the most effective treatment to it is the bariatric surgery. One of the negative impacts of this procedure is the body dysmorphia caused by overhanging skin. In Brazil, the national health system - Sistema Único de Sáude (SUS) - provide body contouring surgery to treat post-bariatric patients, since 2007. This article aims to describe the Brazilian public health approach to post bariatric patients and perform an analyze in the Brazilian health care database. Methods: in Brazilian Health System database, a search for the post-bariatric procedures performed between 2007 to 2021 was done. The variables analyzed were geographic location, year, mean days of hospitalization, death, and mortality rate. Also, we evaluated the number of bariatric procedures done in the same period. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student-t and the chi-square tests and p-value <0.5 was considered significant. Results: a total of 12,717 plastic surgery procedures in post bariatric patients were done, with a national prevalence of 13.8%. Dermolipectomy was the most performed procedure, with 6,719. The years of 2020 and 2021 suffered a decreased of 64.3% and 70.9% in the number of surgeries (p<0,001). Bariatric Procedures had a high rate and a higher percentage of growth comparing to post bariatric surgery (p<0,001), totalizing 93,589 surgeries. Conclusions: Brazil had a significant number of body contouring surgery, however with a low prevalence. Dermoliepctomy was the most common procedure performed. We could notice a significant impact of COVID pandemic in those procedures .

RESUMO Introdução: obesidade é uma das doenças mais comuns do mundo e a cirurgia bariátrica é o tratamento mais eficaz até o momento. Um dos impactos negativos do procedimento é o dismorfismo corporal causado pelo excesso cutâneo. No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) promove cirurgia de contorno corporal para tratar pacientes com perda ponderal maciça desde 2007. Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a abordagem do SUS para pacientes pós-bariátricos através de análise do banco de dados do próprio sistema. Métodos: foi realizada pesquisa no banco de dados do SUS para procedimentos em pós-bariátricos entre 2007 e 2021. As variáveis analisadas foram localização geográfica, ano, tempo médio de internação, morte e taxa de mortalidade. Também analisamos o número de procedimentos bariátricos realizados no mesmo período. Análise estatística foi realizada utilizando os testes t de Student e do Qui-Quadrado, considerando valor p<0,5 como significante. Resultados: um total de 12.717 procedimentos de cirurgia plástica foram realizados em pacientes pós-bariátricos, com prevalência nacional de 13,8%. Dermolipectomia foi o procedimento mais realizado, com um total de 6.719. Nos anos de 2020 e 2021 houve um decréscimo de 64,3 e 70,9% no total de cirurgias, respectivamente (p<0,001). Procedimentos bariátricos tiveram maior número total e taxa de crescimento maiores do que cirurgia pós-bariátricas (p<0,001), totalizando 93.589 cirurgias. Conclusões: houve um número significativo de cirurgias de contorno corporal no Brasil, embora com baixa prevalência. Dermolipectomia foi o procedimento mais realizado. Notamos impacto significativo da pandemia Sars-CoV-2 no total de procedimentos realizados.

HIV-associated lipodystrophy: epidemiological analysis of a Plastic Surgery Service in Brazil / Lipodistrofia associada ao HIV: análise epidemiológica de um Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica no Brasil

Introduction: Lipodystrophy is an important complication of HIV and has different clinical manifestations, such as lipoatrophy of the face, buttocks, and limbs and accumulation of fat in the abdominal and cervical regions. Lipodystrophy has aesthetic and psychosocial consequences, stigmatizing and affecting patients' quality of life. The objective is to evaluate the epidemiology and treatments performed in patients treated at the HIV-related Lipodystrophy Outpatient Clinic at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Method: The study was conducted retrospectively, with port analysis of patients treated between June 2012 and December 2019, at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Results: The medical records of 153 individuals were analyzed, 79 male and 74 female patients. The mean age was 45.6 years. The referrals came from 48 cities in four states. Caucasian patients accounted for 74.5% of the consultations. The complaint of facial lipodystrophy was reported by 52.9% of the patients. The most common invasive procedure was facial filling with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in 62 patients. Gluteal implants were the most common surgery on six occasions. Conclusion: The data found show a higher proportion of female patients with complaints of lipodystrophy when compared to general data of patients with HIV. The white race was predominant, and the main complaint of lipodystrophy was facial atrophy. Facial filling with PMMA was the most common procedure.

Introdução: A lipodistrofia é uma importante complicação do HIV e apresenta diferentes manifestações clínicas, como lipoatrofia de face, glúteos e membros, e acúmulo de gordura em região abdominal e cervical. A lipodistrofia apresenta consequências estéticas e psicossociais, que são estigmatizantes e afetam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo é avaliar a epidemiologia e os tratamentos realizados nos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Lipodistrofia relacionada ao HIV do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Método: O estudo foi realizado de maneira retrospectiva, com análise de portuário dos pacientes atendidos entre junho de 2012 e dezembro de 2019, no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, em Botucatu, SP, Brasil. Resultados: Os prontuários de 153 indivíduos foram analisados, sendo 79 pacientes do sexo masculino e 74 do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi 45,6 anos. Os encaminhamentos tiveram origem de 48 cidades, de quatro estados. Pacientes da raça branca totalizaram 74,5% dos atendimentos. A queixa de lipodistrofia de face foi referida por 52,9% dos pacientes. O procedimento invasivo mais realizado foi o preenchimento facial com polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), em 62 pacientes. A inclusão de implantes glúteos foi a cirurgia mais realizada, em seis ocasiões. Conclusão: Os dados encontrados mostram maior proporção de pacientes do sexo feminino com queixa de lipodistrofia, quando comparados a dados gerais de pacientes com HIV. A raça branca foi predominante e a principal queixa de lipodistrofia foi a atrofia facial. O preenchimento facial com PMMA foi o procedimento mais realizado

Clamp vascular de fio de mononylon em microcirurgia experimental / Vascular clamp of mononylon thread in experimental microsurgery

Introdução: A microcirurgia reparadora é ramo hoje indissociável e imprescindível na cirurgia plástica. O treinamento é longo, custo financeiro relativamente alto e exige muito dos proponentes. Para melhorar essa equação a favor da formação de novos microcirurgiões no Brasil, é fundamental facilitar o acesso ao treinamento experimental, utilizando materiais simples. Huaraca descreveu uma técnica utilizando um simples fio mononylon 5-0 para substituir o clamp vascular, que é instrumento indispensável da anastomose microcirúrgica e geralmente de alto custo. O objetivo é comparar a técnica de Huaraca com fio de mononylon e o clamp metálico tradicional durante anastomose microcirúrgica vascular. Métodos: Seis ratos da raça Wistar cujas duas artérias femorais foram aleatoriamente selecionadas para sutura término-terminal após secção completa, sendo um dos lados realizado com clamp vascular habitual e o contralateral com técnica de Huaraca, no mesmo tempo cirúrgico e pelo mesmo cirurgião. Resultados: Em ambas as situações, a taxa de patência foi de 67% após 72 horas, sendo que o tempo médio foi de 26 minutos com a técnica de Huaraca e de 18 minutos com o clamp tradicional (p=0,001). Conclusão: Apesar do tempo de execução mais longo, a técnica de Huaraca é medida simples e de baixo custo que pode substituir o clamp vascular tradicional.

Introduction: Reconstructive microsurgery is now an inseparable and essential branch of plastic surgery. The training is long, has a relatively high financial cost and requires a lot of the proponents. To improve this equation in favor of the formation of new microsurgeons in Brazil, it is essential to facilitate access to experimental training, using simple materials. Huaraca described a technique using a simple 5-0 mononylon thread to replace the vascular clamp, which is an indispensable instrument for microsurgical anastomosis and is generally expensive. The objective is to compare the Huaraca technique with mononylon thread and the traditional metal clamp during vascular microsurgical anastomosis. Methods: Six Wistar rats whose both femoral arteries were randomly selected for end-to-end suture after complete section, with one side performed with usual vascular clamp and the contralateral with Huaraca technique, at the same surgical time and by the same surgeon. Results: In both situations, the patency rate was 67% after 72 hours, with an average time of 26 minutes with the Huaraca technique and 18 minutes with the traditional clamp (p=0.001). Conclusion: Despite the longer execution time, the Huaraca technique is a simple and low-cost measure that can replace the traditional vascular clamp.

Bullosis diabeticorum como diagnóstico diferencial de úlcera de membros: relato de caso / Bullosis diabeticorum as a differential diagnosis for limb ulcers: case report

Resumo A bullosis diabeticorum (BD) é uma manifestação cutânea infrequente do diabetes e pode afetar os membros superiores. Caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento espontâneo e indolor de flictenas não inflamatórias de aspecto sanguinolento, que podem evoluir para necrose, requerendo que se faça diagnóstico diferencial com doenças dermatológicas, como porfiria cutânea tarda, pseudoporfiria, epidermólise bolhosa adquirida e penfigoide bolhoso, e doenças vasculares, como vasculites, doença arterial periférica, doença de Buerger, entre outras. Neste relato, descreve-se o caso de um paciente masculino de 77 anos, hipertenso e diabético mal controlado, apresentando aparecimento espontâneo de lesões bolhosas de membros superiores, que evoluíram, após ruptura espontânea, para ulcerosas necróticas. A biópsia da lesão diagnosticou a presença de espessamento hialino de vasos dérmicos e de bolhas subcórneas, compatíveis com o diagnóstico de BD. Após a interrupção do tabagismo e a otimização do controle glicêmico associado a corticoterapia tópica, houve melhora, com cicatrização das lesões. A apresentação da BD em membros superiores é mais rara, sendo necessário o diagnóstico diferencial com outras lesões cutâneas e vasculares.

Abstract Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of diabetes that can affect the upper limbs. It is characterized by spontaneous and painless non-inflammatory bloody blisters, which can progress to necrosis, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other dermatological diseases, such as porphyria cutanea tarda, pseudoporphyria, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and pemphigoid, and vascular diseases, such as vasculitis, peripheral arterial disease, and Buerger's disease, among others. In this report, we describe a 77-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes and hypertension who presented with spontaneous onset of lesions on the upper limbs, initially with bullous characteristics, progressing to necrotic ulcers after spontaneous rupture. A biopsy revealed hyaline thickening of the dermal vessels and subcorneal bullae, consistent with a diagnosis of BD. After smoking cessation and optimization of glycemia control combined with topical corticosteroid therapy, the condition improved and lesions began to heal. This presentation of BD involving the upper limbs is rare, requiring differential diagnosis to rule out other cutaneous and vascular lesions.

Análise clínico-epidemiológica de pacientes HIV positivos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia de Queimados / Clinical-epidemiological analysis of HIV positive patients hospitalized in a Burn Therapy Unit

Introdução: A infecção pelo HIV e as queimaduras são um problema comum de saúde pública, principalmente em países de baixa e média renda. Há uma escassez na literatura sobre a epidemiologia de pacientes HIV positivos hospitalizados em unidades de queimados. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar dados clínicoepidemiológicos de pacientes HIV positivos internados em uma Unidade de Terapia de Queimaduras. Métodos: Realizada análise retrospectiva de pacientes com diagnóstico de HIV internados na Unidade de Terapia de Queimados do Hospital Estadual de Bauru entre os anos de 2008 e 2018. Resultados: No total, foram revisados 2364 prontuários e encontrados 14 (0,6%) pacientes com diagnóstico de HIV. A idade média foi 43,1 anos. Quanto ao gênero, nove (64,3%) eram masculinos e cinco (35,7%) femininos. O mecanismo mais comum foi por chama direta em 11 (78,7%) casos. A etiologia foi álcool (42,9%) em seis pacientes, em três explosão (21,5%) e os demais foram gasolina, cigarro e contato com escapamento, todos com um (7,1%) caso. A causa mais comum foi acidente, em nove (64,3%) casos, dois (14,3%) tentativa de homicídio, um (7,1%) autoextermínio e dois (14,3%) casos sem informação. Em relação à superfície corporal queimada (%SCQ), cinco (37,5%) apresentavam queimaduras de 0-10%, três (21,4%) de 11-20% e cinco (35,7%) maiores que 20%, e em um era desconhecida. Quatro (28,6%) apresentaram lesões de vias aéreas. Dois (14,3%) pacientes foram a óbito. Conclusão: A prevalência de pacientes HIV positivos queimados internados em uma unidade especializada para este tratamento se assemelha à nacional, com características semelhantes em relação a idade e gênero.

Introduction: HIV infection and burns are common public health issues, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is a paucity in the literature evaluating the epidemiology of burns hospitalization in HIV patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of HIV-positive patients hospitalized in a Burn Therapy Unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis of burn patients diagnosed with HIV was performed at the Therapy Unit of the State Hospital of Bauru between 2008 and 2018. Results: 2,364 medical records were reviewed, and 14 (0.6%) patients were diagnosed with HIV. The mean age was 43.1 years. Regarding gender, nine (64.3%) were male, and five (35.7%) were female. The most common mechanism was direct flame in 11 (78.7%) cases. The etiology was alcohol (42.9%) in six patients, in three explosions (21. 5%), and the others were gasoline, cigarettes and contact with exhaustion, all with one (7.1%) case. When the cause of these burns was evaluated, nine (64.3%) were due to accidents, either at work or home, two (14.3%) for attempted murder, one (7.1%) self-extermination, and two (14.3%) cases had no information. Regarding total burn surface area, five (37.5%) had burns of 0-10%, three (21.4%) 11-20% and five (35.7%) greater than 20%, and one was unknown. Four (28.6%) showed airway lesions. Two (14.3%) patients died. Conclusion: The prevalence of burned HIV-positive patients admitted to a specialized unit for this treatment is like the national one, with similar characteristics concerning age and gender.

Correção de nariz bífido com técnica tongue-in-groove em paciente com fissura 0-14 de Tessier / Correction of bifid nose with tongue-in-groove technique in patient with Tessier fissure 0-14

Introdução: As anomalias craniofaciais são identificadas usualmente pela sua aparência. Ao longo do tempo, diversas escalas e classificações foram propostas a partir de aspectos clínicos e anatômicos. Em 1976, Tessier fez uma associação entre os tecidos moles e o ósseo subjacente. Com esse conceito, criou um sistema numeral a partir da órbita em sentido horário de 0 - que chamou de linha zero, uma linha vertical da face - a 14. Rara e com múltiplas apresentações, sua condução segue um desafio mesmo para profissionais mais experientes. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina, submetida a rinoplastia aberta estruturada aos 15 anos de idade para correção de nariz bífido, utilizando cartilagem costal e técnica de tongue-in-groove. Discussão: O nariz bífido é uma das principais apresentações da fissura 0. A rinoplastia aberta estruturada já foi aplicada em outros trabalhos com grande sucesso, sendo a técnica tongue-in-groove especialmente útil para projeção e rotação da ponta nasal. Conclusão: As anomalias craniofaciais variam em suas apresentações e cabe ao cirurgião plástico identificar os problemas e propor soluções terapêuticas que amenizem essas alterações. Seu tratamento irá necessitar de uma avaliação pré-operatória completa, planejamento cirúrgico cuidadoso e técnica cirúrgica meticulosa.

Introduction: Craniofacial anomalies are usually identified by their appearance. Over time, several scales and classifications have been proposed based on clinical and anatomical aspects. In 1976, Tessier made an association between the soft tissues and the underlying bone. With this concept, he created a numeral system from the 0 clockwise orbit - which he called the zero line, a vertical line of the face - to 14. Rare and with multiple presentations, its handling remains a challenge even for more experienced professionals. Case Report: Female patient, submitted to open structured rhinoplasty at 15 years of age for correction of bifid nose, using costal cartilage and tongue-in-groove technique. Discussion: The bifid nose is one of the main presentations of cleft 0. Structured open rhinoplasty has already been applied in other works with great success, being the tonguein- groove technique especially useful for projection and rotation of the nasal tip. Conclusion: Craniofacial anomalies vary in their presentations and it is up to the plastic surgeon to identify the problems and propose therapeutic solutions to alleviate these changes. Treatment will require a thorough preoperative evaluation, careful surgical planning and meticulous surgical technique.

Análise de pacientes idosos internados por queimaduras no Brasil / Analysis of elderly patients hospitalized for burns in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma análise das variáveis disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) de idosos queimados internados, e comparar entre idosos maiores e menores de 80 anos. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo realizado por coleta de dados no DATASUS no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2019. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60-79 anos ou igual ou superior a 80 anos, sendo avaliadas variáveis como tempo médio de internação, custos com saúde e taxa de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: No período estudado, 168.955 pacientes com 60-79 anos foram queimados e 50.410 com 80 anos ou mais. A maior mortalidade ocorre nos acidentes com chama, seguidos por queimadura de contato, terceiro lugar escaldado e por último queimadura elétrica (p=0,01). A incidência de internações em pessoas com mais de 80 anos é maior do que entre 60-79 anos (p<0,001). Houve relação diretamente proporcional entre idade e tempo de internação apenas nas faixas etárias mais avançadas. Também foi possível verificar que quanto maiores os custos com saúde, maior a taxa de mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES: O tempo de internação é maior em pacientes mais velhos e a maior média de dias de internação está relacionada a uma maior taxa de mortalidade. Além disso, maior número de dias de internação não resulta em menor taxa de mortalidade, mostrando que a prevenção e a gestão adequada dos recursos são mais importantes do que uma grande quantidade de recursos financeiros.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out an analysis of the variables available on the platform of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) of hospitalized burned elderly, and to compare between elderly people older and younger than 80 years. METHODS: Retrospective study carried out by collecting data in DATASUS from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients aged 60-79 years or older or 80 years or older were included in the study, with variables such as mean time of hospitalization, health costs and mortality rate. RESULTS: During the study period, 168,955 patients aged 60-79 years were burned and 50,410 were aged 80 years or older. The highest mortality occurs in accidents with flame, followed by contact burns, third place scalded and lastly electrical burns (p=0.01). The incidence of hospitalizations in people over 80 years of age is higher than in those aged 60-79 years (p<0.001). There was a directly proportional relationship between age and length of stay only in the most advanced age groups. It was also possible to verify that the higher the health costs, the higher the mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: The length of hospital stay is longer in older patients and the higher average number of days of hospitalization is related to a higher mortality rate. In addition, a greater number of hospitalization days does not result in a lower mortality rate, showing that prevention and adequate resource management are more important than a large amount of financial resources.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de queimaduras químicas em uma Unidade de Terapia de Queimados no Brasil / Clinical-epidemiological profile of chemical burns in a Burn Therapy Unit (BTU) in Brazil

Introdução: Substâncias químicas apresentam uma prevalência relativamente baixa dentre as causas de queimaduras. Porém, têm importância, pois a maioria dos acidentes ocorrem no âmbito do trabalho e em população economicamente ativa. O objetivo é realizar uma análise do perfil dos pacientes internados por queimaduras químicas em uma Unidade de Queimados. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de pacientes internados na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Estadual de Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brasil, entre os anos de 2008 e 2018. Múltiplas variáveis foram analisadas, como idade, sexo, agente químico, local onde ocorreu o acidente, necessidade de internação em UTI e dias de hospitalização. Resultados: No total, 40 (1,7%) pacientes foram internados devido a queimadura química. A média de idade foi de 35 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino, com 30 (75%) indivíduos. O principal local do trauma foi no ambiente de trabalho, em 20 casos (50%). Acidentes com base foram responsáveis por 20 (50%) internações. A superfície corporal queimada média foi de 7,5%. Queimadura ocular ocorreu em 11 (27,5%) pacientes. Leito de terapia intensiva foi necessário para 10 (25%) casos. Quando comparados os acidentes entre substâncias ácidas e bases, evidenciamos diferença no número de pacientes internados em UTI, com oito pacientes em lesões envolvendo bases e dois com ácidos (p=0,04). Conclusão: A casuística e resultados apresentados neste artigo são semelhantes à literatura mundial sobre o assunto. Evidenciamos a importância dessa queimadura no ambiente de trabalho e o acometimento de indivíduos em idade ativa, assim como a maior gravidade de acidentes com substância química.

Introduction: Chemicals have a relatively low prevalence among the causes of burns. However, they are important because most accidents occur in the scope of work and in an economically active population. The objective is to perform an analysis of the profile of patients hospitalized for chemical burns in a Burn Unit. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized in the Burn Unit of the State Hospital of Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil, between 2008 and 2018. Multiple variables were analyzed, such as age, gender, chemical agent, place where the accident occurred, need for ICU stay and days of hospitalization. Results: In total, 40 (1.7%) patients were hospitalized due to chemical burn. The mean age was 35 years, with predominance of males, with 30 (75%) individuals. The main site of trauma was in the workplace, in 20 cases (50%). Based accidents were responsible for 20 (50%) admissions. The mean burned body surface was 7.5%. Eye burn occurred in 11 (27.5%) patients. Intensive care bed was required for 10 (25%) cases. When comparing accidents between acid iced substances and bases, we noted a difference in the number of ICU patients, with eight patients in lesions involving bases and two with acids (p=0.04). Conclusion: The sample and results presented in this article are similar to the world literature on the subject. We evidenced the importance of this burn in the work environment and the involvement of individuals of active age, as well as the greater severity of accidents with chemical substance.

Mastopexia com splitting de músculo peitoral superior e cinta muscular inferior / Mastopexy with the splitting of the upper pectoral muscle and inferior muscle flap

Introdução: As mastopexias estão entre os procedimentos estéticos mais realizados no mundo, porém ainda apresentam alto índice de insatisfação dos pacientes. Várias técnicas foram descritas na busca pelo aperfeiçoamento da técnica. Kahn descreveu uma técnica com dissecção biplana do músculo peitoral maior, criando um envelope superior para a inclusão da prótese neste espaço. A modificação desta, associada ao retalho inferior descrito por Daniel leva a bons resultados, com baixos índices de complicações. O objetivo é descrever a técnica de splitting muscular descrita por Kahn, realizada em combinação com o retalho de pedículo inferior descrito por Daniel nas mastopexias de aumento. Métodos: Descrição da técnica e análise retrospectiva, através de prontuários, de pacientes submetidos a esta cirurgia na Clínica Dr. Jerônimo, localizada em Ibitinga/ SP. Resultados: Foram analisadas 192 pacientes, com idade média de 43 anos. O tempo médio do procedimento foi 150 minutos. Total de 21 complicações, como seroma, cicatriz inestética, assimetrias e epidermólises. Esta técnica se apresenta como um arsenal terapêutico para as mastopexias. Apresenta vantagens de não apresentar complicações relacionadas ao plano submuscular total e subglandular. Apresenta naturalidade do contorno no polo superior, ausência de lateralização e movimentação da prótese. E a associação com retalho inferior proporciona maior proteção e sustentação ao implante, diminuindo a chance de ptose. Conclusão: A técnica apresentou bons resultados, com baixos índices de complicações. Evidenciando uma alternativa viável, segura e reprodutível para realizar a mastopexia de aumento.

Introduction: Mastopexies are among the most performed aesthetic procedures globally but still have a high patient dissatisfaction rate. Several techniques have been described in the search for the improvement of the technique. Kahn described a technique with biplanar dissection of the pectoralis major muscle, creating a superior envelope for the prosthesis's inclusion in this space. The modification of this, associated with Daniel's lower flap, leads to good results, with low rates of complications. The objective is to describe the muscle splitting technique described by Kahn, performed in combination with the lower pedicle flap described by Daniel in the augmentation mastopexies. Methods: Description of the technique and retrospective analysis, through medical records, of patients submitted to this surgery at the Dr. Jerônimo Clinic, located in Ibitinga/ SP. Results: We analyzed 192 patients, with a mean age of 43 years. The procedure average time was 150 minutes. There were 21 complications, such as seroma, unaesthetic scarring, asymmetries, and epidermolysis. This technique is a therapeutic arsenal for mastopexies. It has the advantage of not presenting complications related to the total and subglandular submuscular plane. It presents the naturalness of the contour in the upper pole, absence of lateralization, and prosthesis movement. Furthermore, the association with a lower flap provides greater protection and support to the implant, reducing the chance of ptosis. Conclusion: The technique presented good results, with low rates of complications. It is evidencing a viable, safe and reproducible alternative to perform augmentation mastopexy.

Mastoplastia de aumento primária em serviço de residência médica de cirurgia plástica / Primary augmentation mammoplasty in a plastic surgery residency service

■ RESUMO Introdução: A mastoplastia de aumento primária é uma das principais cirurgias estéticas na rotina do cirurgião plástico. As várias técnicas de realização exigem estudo constante e formação ampla dos médicos residentes da especialidade. Métodos: Revisão de prontuários das pacientes submetidas a mastoplastias de aumento primária no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu no período de 2017 a 2020. Resultados: 120 cirurgias foram realizadas no período analisado. Houve predomínio de implantes de projeção alta (75%) e em plano subfascial (67,5%). Houve ausência de complicações maiores, com grande parte das pacientes (75%) não apresentando nenhuma complicação menor (p<0,001). Conclusão: A mastoplastia de aumento é uma cirurgia segura quando realizada seguindo os cuidados técnicos adequados e sob supervisão, sendo um procedimento importante na formação do cirurgião plástico.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary augmentation mammoplasty is one of the main cosmetic surgeries in the plastic surgeon's routine. The various performance techniques require constant study and extensive training of the specialty's resident physicians. Methods: Review medical records of patients who underwent primary augmentation mammoplasty at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu from 2017 to 2020. Results: 120 surgeries were performed during the period analyzed. There was a predominance of high-projection (75%) and subfascial (67.5%) implants. There were no major complications, with most patients (75%) not having any minor complications (p<0.001). Conclusion: Augmentation mammoplasty is a safe surgery when performed following proper technical care and under supervision.

HIV, cirurgia plástica e Brasil: uma revisão narrativa / HIV, plastic surgery and Brazil: a narrative review

RESUMO Introdução: O Brasil apresenta um dos melhores programas de combate ao HIV do mundo e uma das características dessa abordagem é a multidisciplinaridade, onde a cirurgia plástica está envolvida. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão não sistemática do que já foi publicado sobre HIV por cirurgiões plásticos brasileiros, analisando os principais temas estudados. Métodos: Pesquisas no PubMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica com os seguintes termos: "plastic surgery HIV", "plastic surgery AIDS", "HIV cirurgia plástica", "AIDS cirurgia plástica", "HIV" e "AIDS. Resultados: No total encontramos 862 artigos e após selecionar os escritos por cirurgiões plástico brasileiros, chegamos a um número final de 15, produzidos por 10 instituições de 5 estados brasileiros. O tema mais abordado foi lipodistrofia em 13 publicações. Discussão: Dos artigos selecionados, fica clara a concentração na região Sudeste. O tema mais abordado foi a lipodistrofia e os artigos sobre este foram publicados posteriores à Portaria GM/MS 2582. Áreas como neoplasia cutânea, genética e cirurgia para mudança de sexo não foram alvos de publicações, embora em outros países já haja conteúdo relacionado a HIV e cirurgia plástica produzido. Conclusão: Apesar de publicações de qualidade ainda há áreas em que a pesquisa da cirurgia plástica brasileira necessita explorar em relação ao HIV/AIDS.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brazil presents one of the best HIV programs globally, and one of the characteristics of this approach is multidisciplinarity, where plastic surgery is involved. Objective: To conduct a non-systematic review of what has already been published on HIV by Brazilian plastic surgeons, analyzing the main themes studied. Methods: Research at PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica with the following terms: "plastic surgery HIV", "plastic surgery AIDS", "HIV plastic surgery", "AIDS plastic surgery", "HIV" and "AIDS. Results: We found 862 articles, and after selecting those written by Brazilian plastic surgeons, we reached a final number of 15, produced by 10 institutions from 5 Brazilian states. The most addressed theme was lipodystrophy in 13 publications. Discussion: From the selected articles, it is clear the concentration in the Southeast region. The most addressed theme was lipodystrophy, and the articles on it were published after ordinance GM/MS 2582. Areas such as skin cancer, genetics and surgery for gender reassignment have not been published, although there is already content related to HIV and plastic surgery in other countries. Conclusion: Despite quality publications, there are still areas in which Brazilian plastic surgery research needs to explore concerning HIV/AIDS.