European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Consensus Statement on the Use of Non-invasive Biomarkers for Cardiothoracic Transplant Rejection Surveillance.

While allograft rejection (AR) continues to threaten the success of cardiothoracic transplantation, lack of accurate and repeatable surveillance tools to diagnose AR is a major unmet need in the clinical management of cardiothoracic transplant recipients. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) and transbronchial biopsy (TBBx) have been the cornerstone of rejection monitoring since the field's incipience, but both suffer from significant limitations, including poor concordance of biopsy interpretation among pathologists. In recent years, novel molecular tools for AR monitoring have emerged and their performance characteristics have been evaluated in multiple studies. An international working group convened by ESOT has reviewed the existing literature and provides a series of recommendations to guide the use of these biomarkers in clinical practice. While acknowledging some caveats, the group recognized that Gene-expression profiling and donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) may be used to rule out rejection in heart transplant recipients, but they are not recommended for cardiac allograft vasculopathy screening. Other traditional biomarkers (NT-proBNP, BNP or troponin) do not have sufficient evidence to support their use to diagnose AR. Regarding lung transplant, dd-cfDNA could be used to rule out clinical rejection and infection, but its use to monitor treatment response is not recommended.

Men of Mexican ethnicity, alcohol use, and help-seeking: "I can quit on my own."

INTRODUCTION: Hispanics report higher rates of problematic alcohol use compared to non-Hispanic Whites while also reporting lower rates of alcohol treatment utilization compared to non-Hispanics. The study employs Anderson's Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization Model to guide the exploration of alcohol use, help-seeking and healthcare utilization. METHODS: The present qualitative study explored help-seeking and alcohol treatment utilization for Hispanic men of Mexican ethnicity. A total of 27 participants (Mage = 35.7, SD = 10.82) completed a semi-structured interview that explored the treatment experiences and underlying psychological mechanisms that shaped their help-seeking. RESULTS: Through a thematic content analysis, the following themes emerged: 1) perceiving need with subthemes of familismo, role as protector and provider, and positive face; 2) predisposing beliefs on help-seeking; and 3) treatment experiences and elements of patient satisfaction with subthemes of monetized treatment, respect, and perceiving professional stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The findings in this article may assist in improving strategies for increasing alcohol treatment utilization among men of Mexican ethnicity. By exploring beliefs, values, and experiences health researchers can develop culturally informed intervention strategies.

Traction images heavily influence lateral wall measurement in trochanteric hip fractures. A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: hip fracture represents a global health problem, with a high morbidity and mortality rate and an increasing incidence. The treatment of trochanteric fractures is reduction and osteosynthesis, and implant selection depends mainly on the stability of the fracture and lateral wall competence. Lateral wall competence has gained relevance in recent years, which led to the modification of the AO/OTA classification. However, determination of lateral wall integrity is difficult from plain radiographs; the influence of images with traction on its measurement has not been evaluated. METHODS: prospective concordance study, emergency and post-traction radiographs of 65 patients with trochanteric fracture were evaluated by six orthopedic surgeons independently, measuring the lateral wall, classifying the fracture according to the AO/OTA 2018 classification and selecting the implant for osteosynthesis. A comparison of incompetent to intact lateral wall proportion between each image set was made. Secondary outcomes were the inter-observer correlation of lateral wall measurement and inter-observer agreement of classification and implant choice. RESULTS: the proportion of patients with an incompetent lateral wall in emergency x-ray was 37.43% (CI 95% 0.326-0.422), while the proportion in post-traction fluoroscopy was 15% (CI 95% 0.115-0.185), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). 40.1% of patients with an incompetent lateral wall changed to an intact one. Inter-observer correlation for the lateral wall thickness was 0.399 (CI 95% 0.292-0.519) in emergency x-ray and 0.658 (CI 95% 0.564-0.748) in post-traction fluoroscopy, with a substantial agreement. Inter-observer agreement for the fracture classification was fair to moderate using emergency x-ray (κ 0.369 95%CI 0.330-0.408) and fair to moderate with post-traction fluoroscopy (κ 0.400, 95% CI 0.334-0.466). CONCLUSION: traction images significantly change the measurement of the lateral wall in trochanteric fractures, changing from an incompetent to a competent wall in 40% of patients. The correct classification of trochanteric fractures is crucial to make the best decision when deciding which implant to use, and the measurement of the lateral wall is determinant in the actual AO/OTA classification. Therefore, traction images appear as necessary for correct decision-making.

Successful long-term management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with nivolumab: a case report and literature review.

In Colombia, renal cancer is a rare condition, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the most prevalent neoplasm. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been proposed for the management of metastatic disease, as they have shown improved rates of response and long-term survival. Furthermore, they exhibit a favourable tolerance profile, and adverse events causing significant morbidity are infrequent. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with early-stage ccRCC who underwent right nephrectomy in 2009. Six years later, disease recurrence with metastatic compromise was documented, which led to the resection of the L1 vertebral body followed by radiotherapy and maintenance treatment with sunitinib. Due to disease progression, treatment with sunitinib was discontinued. Subsequently, everolimus was initiated as second-line immunotherapy, which was later discontinued due to the appearance of new metastatic lesions. In 2017, the patient was referred to our institution, where a third-line pharmacological treatment with nivolumab was initiated. In 2022, complete remission by positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was evidenced, which has been sustained to date. This case demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ICI in patients with metastatic ccRCC. The case presented is relevant in that it describes the achievement of complete remission in a patient who did not respond to the first two lines of immunotherapy. Given the limited literature regarding the discontinuation of therapy after achieving sustained remission, further research is warranted to explore this topic.

Carcinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón: revisión de la literatura con reporte de caso / Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Lung Cancer: Literature Review with a Case Report

En Colombia, para 2020, el cáncer de pulmón se reportó como la segunda neoplasia con mayor incidencia y la primera con mayor tasa de mortalidad según las cifras del minis-terio de salud de Colombia. El compromiso peritoneal en el cáncer de pulmón es algo extremadamente raro, se considera <1%. A continuación, exponemos un caso de car-cinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón en un hospital en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se incorpora una posterior revisión descriptiva de la literatura de los casos clínicos de car-cinomatosis peritoneal en cáncer de pulmón reportados en la literatura mundial en los últimos 20 años, con el objetivo de resumir las principales características de estos pa-cientes que permiten plantear hipótesis de su enfoque terapéutico y pronóstico

In Colombia for 2020, lung cancer was reported as the fifth neoplasm with the highest incidence and the second with the highest mortality rate. Peritoneal involvement in lung cancer is extremely rare, it is considered <1%. Next, we present a case of peritoneal car-cinomatosis in lung cancer in Bogotá, with a subsequent literature review of the litera-ture of clinical cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis in lung cancer reported in the world li-terature in the last 20 years. The aim is to summarize the main characteristics of these patients that allow to hypothesize their prognostic and therapeutic approach

Recomendaciones para el cuidado de pacientes con cáncer y neoplasias hematológicas en el estado de pandemia COVID-19 en Colombia / Care recommendations for patients with cancer and hematological neoplasms amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia

Resumen Ante la pandemia COVID 19, declarada en marzo de 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), desde la Asociación Colombiana de Hematología y Oncología (ACHO) hemos venido emitiendo comunicaciones destinadas a orientar a los profesionales de la salud implicados en el tratamiento de pacientes hematológicos y oncológicos. Consideramos importante realizar una nueva actualización dada la fase de mitigación de la pandemia que actualmente estamos enfrentando y ante el planteamiento gubernamental de desdescalonamiento progresivo, de la cuarentena. Estas recomendaciones no pretenden imponer una conducta única pues entendemos que cada caso es particular y debe actuarse individualizando a cada situación específica. Están basadas en documentos emitidos por asociaciones científicas oncológicas y hematológicas reconocidas y son susceptibles de sufrir modificaciones a medida que se disponga de mayor información.

Abstract In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Colombian Association of Hematology and Oncology (ACHO) has been issuing communications aimed at providing guidance to health professionals involved in the treatment of hematological and oncological patients. Considering the pandemic mitigation phase we are currently facing, and the government's approach to progressively tapering-off the quarantine, we deem it important to release a new update. These recommendations are not intended to impose a single conduct, since we understand that each case has particular characteristics and therefore it must be acted upon by individualizing each specific situation. The recommendations are based on documents issued by well-known cancer and hematological scientific associations, and are subject to change as more information becomes available.

Angiomiolipoma renal con rotura espontánea (síndrome de Wünderlich): Presentación de un caso / Renal Angiomyolipoma with Spontaneous Rupture (Wunderlich Syndrome): A Case report

El angiomiolipoma renal es el tumor mesenquimal benigno más común, y representa el 3 % de los tumores renales. Es más frecuente en mujeres y puede presentarse de forma esporádica o asociado al complejo de esclerosis tuberosa. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 59 años de edad, sin antecedentes médicos de importancia, que consultó por dolor abdominal intenso. Al examen físico se detectó masa palpable en flanco derecho. En la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) abdominal se demostró una masa retroperitoneal derecha heterogénea, con algunos acúmulos de grasa y sangrado activo que sugiere el diagnóstico de síndrome de Wünderlich asociado a angiomiolipoma. La resonancia magnética (RM) confirmó la dependencia de la masa del polo renal derecho y se descartó una invasión de la vena cava inferior. Se realizó embolización arterial selectiva renal derecha y nefrectomía parcial con evolución favorable. El angiomiolipoma renal con rotura espontánea es una entidad poco frecuente y potencialmente mortal. Debe ser considerado cuando en las imágenes diagnósticas se documenta una masa renal con focos de grasa y sangrado activo sin calcificaciones. El abordaje terapéutico debe ser multidisciplinario, con tendencia al tratamiento conservador.

Renal angiomyolipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor, accounting for 3% of renal tumors, is more common in women and can occur sporadically or associated with tuberous sclerosis complex. A case of a 59 years old female patient is presented, with no medical history of importance, who consulted for severe abdominal pain and a palpable mass at the right flank during physical examination. Abdominal CT documented a right retroperitoneal heterogeneous mass, with some fat deposits, and active bleeding, suggesting the diagnosis of Wunderlich syndrome associated with angiomyolipoma. MRI confirmed the mass dependence of the right renal pole and Inferior Vein Cava (IVC) invasion is discarded. Selective renal arterial embolization and partial right nephrectomy was performed with favorable evolution. Renal angiomyolipoma with spontaneous rupture is a rare and potentially fatal entity. It should be considered when diagnostic imaging in the presence of renal mass with fatty areas and bleeding without calcification. The therapeutic approach should be multidisciplinary, with a tendency to conservative treatments.

Feocromocitoma bilateral: la importancia de los estudios de diagnóstico por imagen / Bilateral pheochromocytoma: the importance of imaging studies

Se presenta un caso clínico poco frecuente de feocromocitoma bilateral, en el cual los estudios de diagnóstico por imagen, tanto de información estructural como funcional, constituyeron una fuente fundamental para su detección y seguimiento.

We report a rare case of bilateral pheochromocytoma, in which imaging studies, both of structural and functional information, were a major source for its detection and follow-up.

Mieloma múltiple en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (1983-2006) / Multiple myeloma in the University Hospital Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota (1983-2006)

Objetivo: identificar la población de pacientes con diagnóstico de Mieloma Múltiple (MM) de novo que consulta a la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá entre los años 1983 y 2006, con el fin de determinar las características clínicas, de laboratorio e imágenes. Pacientes y métodos: se evaluaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico nuevo de mieloma múltiple, durante el periodo de tiempo establecido. Resultados: se identificaron 54 pacientes: 56% hombres, 26% menores de 50 años, edad media de presentación 58 años. El 44% de los pacientes ingresó por urgencias. El motivo de consulta fue dolor óseo en 46% seguido por dolor lumbar en el 43%. Estadio III a su ingreso 80%. Anemia fue el hallazgo más frecuente 70%, hipercalcemia 24%, y creatinina (>2,5 mg/dl) 20% y ß2 microglobulina elevada en 90%. El isotipo más frecuente fue IgG en 54% seguido de IgA en 26%. 35% de los pacientes con plasmocitos anormales en médula ósea (MO) > 50%. Conclusiones: se encontró al momento del diagnóstico un estadio avanzado de la enfermedad con carga tumoral elevada, hay mayor incidencia en pacientes jóvenes y mayor compromiso renal que en estudios similares previamente publicado . Las características clínicas y los hallazgos de laboratorio, excepto por una mayor incidencia de IgM, son similares a los resultados publicados. Se deben realizar estudios similares a mayor escala para poder ubicar en un contexto real el impacto del mieloma múltiple en Colombia.

Objective: to identify the population of patients with new diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma (MM) that consults to the Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota between the years of 1983 to 2006, with the purpose of determine the clinical, laboratory and images features. Patients and methods: review of patients chart with new diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma for the period of established time. Results: 54 patients were identified: 56% were men, 26% were younger than 50 years, average age of presentation: 58 years, 44% of patients were admitted thru emergency room. The main reason for consultation was bone pain in 46% followed by lumbar pain in 43%. Stage III were diagnosed in the 80% of the population at the time of admittance.Anemia was the most frequent finding (70%), followed by hypercalcemia (24%) and creatinine [> 2,5 mg/dl] (20%). An elevated ß2 mycroglobulin were found in 90%. The most frequent isotype was IgG in 54% followed by IgA in 26%; 35% of the patients has abnormal plasmocytes in bone marrow (BM) > 50%. Conclusions: an advanced stage of the disease with elevated tumorlike load was present at the time of the diagnosis, with major incidence in young patients and greater renal compromise than in similar studies previously published. The clinical characteristics and the laboratory findings except by a greater incidence of IgM are similar to the previous published results. Similar studies to a greater scale are due to realize to be able to locate in a real context the impact of multiple myeloma in Colombia.