Water in contact with the backside of a silicon substrate enables drilling of high-quality holes through the substrate using ultrashort laser pulses.

Holes through silicon substrates are used in silicon microsystems, for example in vertical electrical interconnects. In comparison to deep reactive ion etching, laser drilling is a versatile method for forming these holes, but laser drilling suffers from poor hole quality. In this article, water is used in the silicon drilling process to remove debris and the shape deformations of the holes. Water is introduced into the drilling process through the backside of the substrate to minimize negative effects to the drilling process. Drilling of inclined holes is also demonstrated. The inclined holes could find applications in radio frequency devices.

Memorability-based multimedia analytics for robotic interestingness prediction system using trimmed Q-learning algorithm.

Mobile robots are increasingly employed in today's environment. Perceiving the environment to perform a task plays a major role in the robots. The service robots are wisely employed in the fully (or) partially known user's environment. The exploration and exploitation of the unknown environment is a tedious task. This paper introduces a novel Trimmed Q-learning algorithm to predict interesting scenes via efficient memorability-oriented robotic behavioral scene activity training. The training process involves three stages: online learning and short-term and long-term learning modules. It is helpful for autonomous exploration and making wiser decisions about the environment. A simplified three-stage learning framework is introduced to train and predict interesting scenes using memorability. A proficient visual memory schema (VMS) is designed to tune the learning parameters. A role-based profile arrangement is made to explore the unknown environment for a long-term learning process. The online and short-term learning frameworks are designed using a novel Trimmed Q-learning algorithm. The underestimated bias in robotic actions must be minimized by introducing a refined set of practical candidate actions. Finally, the recalling ability of each learning module is estimated to predict the interesting scenes. Experiments conducted on public datasets, SubT, and SUN databases demonstrate the proposed technique's efficacy. The proposed framework has yielded better memorability scores in short-term and online learning at 72.84% and in long-term learning at 68.63%.

U-clip anastomoses in coronary artery bypass grafting: initial clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that the U-Clip interrupted coronary artery anastomosis is superior to continuous suture. However, clinical experience with this device is limited. AIM: To evaluate our initial clinical experience with the U-Clip technology. METHODS: Outcomes of 59 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using U-Clips (UCs) were compared to outcomes of 138 patients undergoing CABG using conventional sutures (Conv). RESULTS: The average number of distal anastomoses was similar in the groups (UC, 2.9; Conv, 3.2; P = .33). Also similar were the number of arterial grafts (1.6 versus 1.5, P = .4), percentage of sequential anastomoses (22% versus 12%, P = .058), and percentage performed off pump (27% versus 28%, P = .74). Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic crossclamp times were longer in the UC group (98 +/- 27 versus 81 +/- 20 minutes, P = .001; 63 +/- 25 versus 54 +/- 24 minutes, P = .028). Rates of operative mortality (UC, 1.69%; Conv, 0.7%), postoperative myocardial infarction (0% each), stroke (0% each), renal failure (2% versus 1.4%), and blood transfusion (53% versus 58%) were not statistically different. Average follow-up in 36 (61%) of UC patients was 5 +/- 2 months (range, 1-7 months). One patient died from a non-cardiacrelated cause. At the time of follow-up 90% of patients were in angina class I-II. CONCLUSIONS: The U-Clip interrupted anastomosis technique is versatile and safe and is associated with excellent short-term outcomes.

Primary fibrosarcoma of the liver: we don't know much: a case report.

A 60-year-old lady presented to us with a right upper abdominal mass. With a clinical diagnosis of liver tumor, she was evaluated with abdominal CT, MRI, nuclear scan, tumor markers, USG guided FNAC and other baseline investigations. On evaluation she had a massive right lobe tumor crossing the midline. In view of the ambiguous diagnosis she was subjected to laparotomy where the lesion was judged unresectable and a biopsy was taken. Histopathological examination showed the rare pathology of primary fibrosarcoma of the liver with features of homogeneous, spindle-shaped cells with abundant collagen fibers showing a classic herringbone pattern. Tissue samples were then sent to another referral cancer hospital for immunohistochemistry and immunoreactive vimentin was found in the tumor cells. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells were rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum without a basement membrane, and were surrounded by large amounts of collagen fibers. The fibroblastic character of the tumor cells was suggested by light and electron microscopy.