Evaluation of ovarian function using three dimensional ultrasound in perimenopausal women.

To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of three-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating ovarian function in perimenopausal women. In this prospective cohort study, 102 patients with clinically suspected perimenopause and 90 patients with menopause were enrolled. These patients were classified into three groups according to the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2): menopause group, perimenopause group, and normal group. Perimenopause group: There were significant differences in volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization-flow index (VFI) in the ovaries after treatment. Cycle 1 > cycle 0 (p < .05) and cycle 3 cycle 0 (p < .05), and in FSH: cycle 3 < cycle 0 (p < .05). Three-dimensional ultrasound in ovarian quantitative measurement can objectively reflect the change in the ovarian function, predicting the effect of drug treatment, and provided an objective information for early intervention to menopausal.

Attenuation of Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Electrical Synapses in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

BACKGROUND: Synaptic mechanisms and neuronal oscillations have been proposed to be responsible for neuropathic pain formation. Many studies have also highlighted the important role of electrical synapses in synaptic plasticity and in neuronal oscillations. Thus, electrical synapses may contribute to neuropathic pain generation. However, previous studies have primarily focused on the role of chemical synapses, while ignoring the role of electrical synapses, in neuropathic pain generation. METHODS: The authors adopted microinjection, RNA interference techniques, and behavioral tests to verify the link between connexin 36 (Cx36) and neuropathic pain. They also studied the selective Cx36 blocker mefloquine in rat chronic constriction injury and spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. Electrophysiologic recordings were used to further confirm the behavioral data. RESULTS: The authors found that Cx36, which constitutes the neuron-neuron electrical synapses, was up-regulated in the anterior cingulate cortex after nerve injury (n = 5). Meanwhile, Cx36-mediated neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range (30 to 80 Hz) (n = 7 to 8) and the neuronal synaptic transmission (n = 13 to 19) were also enhanced. Neuropathic pain was relieved by disrupting Cx36 function or expression in the anterior cingulate cortex. They also found that mefloquine, which are clinically used for treating malaria, affected gamma oscillations and synaptic plasticity, leading to a sustained pain relief in chronic constriction injury and spared nerve injury models (n = 7 to 12). CONCLUSION: The electrical synapses blocker mefloquine could affect gamma oscillations and synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex and relieve neuropathic pain. Cx36 may be a new therapeutic target for treating chronic pain.

[Karyotype analysis of three Lonicera species growth in Sichuan].

OBJECTIVE: To provide the genetic reference for development and application of Lonicera species growth in Sichuan. METHODS: Shoot apices cells from Lonicera japonica, Lonicera japonica var. chinensis and Lonicera similis (cultivars) were used to make the chromosomal preparation. Their karyotypes were analyzed and the relevant parameters of chromosomes were measured by improved chromosome preparation technique. RESULTS: The chromosome numbers of three Lonicera species were 2n = 2X = 18; their chromosome length was 30.747, 33.231 and 36.948 microm; Their karyotype formula was 2n = 2X = 18 = 2m + 7sm, 2n = 2X = 18 = 8m + 8sm + 2st and 2n = 2X = 18 = 8sm + 10m; Their As. k was 64.013%, 64.380% and 61.949%; And their karyotypes belonged to 2B, 2B and 2A type, respectively. CONCLUSION: These three Lonicera species can be of the germplasm resources for widely cultivating since they have high degree genetic evolution.

Illness anxiety, infertility stress, resilience and thyroid-stimulating hormone among infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China.

OBJECTIVE: Infertile people undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in China may experience severe infertility-related stress and illness anxiety (IA). However, little relevant research has been conducted until now. DESIGN: This study investigated the IA of 340 infertile people undergoing ART treatment, including 43 males, 292 females and 5 who preferred not to answer, in 2 tertiary general public hospitals in Wen Zhou, China. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood samples for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were obtained from 107 women to explore the relationship between IA and TSH. The questionnaire contained the Mandarin version of the Fertility Problem Inventory, the Resilient Trait Scale for Chinese Adults and the Whiteley Index, measuring infertility stress, resilience and IA, respectively. RESULTS: An incidence rate of 44.1% of IA among infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China was determined, and 30.2% of men and 46.6% of women had severe IA (χ2 = 4.05, p < 0.05). The risk of severe IA in women was around twice that in men (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.01-4.01). Women's IA level was significantly associated with their TSH level (ß = 0.27, p < 0.01). Resilience played a moderating role in the relationship between parenthood importance and illness anxiety. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the importance and urgency of providing holistic care for illness anxiety of infertile people undergoing ART treatment in China, especially women. The findings of this study indicated that mind-body therapies and resilience empowerment workshops could be conducive to infertile people's holistic health.

Diosgenin attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation through transforming growth factor-ß/Smad signaling pathway.

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) is considered to be the main stimuli factor responsible for the activation of HSC. Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin found in several plants including Solanum and Dioscorea species, and it inhibited high glucose-induced renal tubular fibrosis. However, the effects of diosgenin against hepatic fibrosis remain elusive. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diosgenin on TGF-ß1-induced HSCs and elucidate the possible mechanism of its anti-fibrotic effect. Our results demonstrated that diosgenin inhibited TGF-ß1-induced HSC proliferation, reduced the expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as well as the expression of TGF-ß receptor I (TGF-ß RI) and II. Moreover, diosgenin suppressed TGF-ß1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 in HSCs. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that diosgenin inhibited HSC-T6 cell proliferation and activation, at least in part, via the TGF-ß1/Smad signaling pathway. These results provide that diosgenin may have potential to treat liver fibrosis.