RESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine seizure control in women with epilepsy (WWE) undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Through retrospective chart review, WWE undergoing ART were identified. Demographics and details regarding epilepsy type, seizure control, and ART procedures were extracted. Seizure frequency prior to and during ART were compared. We identified 12 WWE, who underwent 29 embryo transfers, resulting in 16 pregnancies and 10 live births. Nine women were seizure-free at least 2 years before fertility treatment, including three with resolved epilepsy. Seven were on antiseizure medications throughout fertility treatment and pregnancy, with only one on polytherapy. Eleven (all with controlled epilepsy or epilepsy in remission) remained seizure-free throughout fertility treatment. One woman with drug-resistant epilepsy continued to have seizures throughout fertility treatment and pregnancy without an exacerbation of seizure frequency. There was no increased seizure frequency associated with fertility treatment and subsequent pregnancy in this small series of WWE. Although this study was statistically underpowered, our results provide some preliminary evidence that ART might not pose a threat to seizure control, but larger, confirmatory studies are necessary.
RESUMO
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the patient experience of women with high body mass index (BMI) with BMI restrictions that limit fertility care? DESIGN: Qualitative study using in-depth, semi-structured interview methodology. Interview transcripts were analysed for iterative themes in accordance with principles of grounded theory. RESULTS: Forty women with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or higher with scheduled or completed appointment at the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) clinic completed an interview. Most participants experienced BMI restrictions as unjust. Many perceived that BMI restrictions on fertility care may be medically justified and were in support of weight loss discussions to improve chances of pregnancy; however, several argued that they should have autonomy to commence treatment following an individualized risk assessment. Participants offered recommendations to improve discussion of BMI restrictions and weight loss, including framing the conversation as supportive of their reproductive goals and offering proactive referral to weight loss support to prevent the perception that BMI is a categorical exclusion to future fertility care. CONCLUSIONS: Participant experiences highlight a need for enhanced strategies for communicating BMI restrictions and weight loss recommendations in ways that are perceived to be supportive of patients' fertility goals without further contributing to weight bias and stigma experienced in medical settings. Opportunities for training to mitigate experiences of weight stigma may be beneficial for clinical and non-clinical staff. Evaluation of BMI policies should be undertaken within the context of clinic policies that permit or prohibit fertility care for other high-risk groups.
Assuntos
Preservação da Fertilidade , Obesidade , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/terapia , Fertilidade , Redução de PesoRESUMO
Infertility is a common diagnosis that prompts many couples and individuals to seek assisted reproductive technology (ART) for assistance with conception. These technologies have become increasingly used in the United States in the past several decades, with 326 468 ART cycles performed in 2020, resulting in 75 023 live births. This ubiquity of ART also increases the likelihood that radiologists will encounter both normal and abnormal imaging findings associated with these treatments. Thus, radiologists of all subspecialties should be familiar with the multimodality appearance of the ovaries and pelvis in patients undergoing ART treatments. Furthermore, it is imperative that radiologists understand the appearance expected during different stages of the ART process. During stimulated ovulatory cycles, it is normal and expected for the ovaries to appear enlarged and to contain numerous cystic follicles, often with a small to moderate volume of pelvic free fluid. After oocyte retrieval, hemorrhagic ovarian follicles and a small to moderate volume of blood products in the cul-de-sac can be expected to be seen. Multiple nonemergency and emergency complications are related to ART, many of which can be seen at imaging. The most encountered emergency complications of ART include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, heterotopic pregnancy, multiple gestations, ovarian torsion, and procedural complications related to oocyte retrieval. These complications have important clinical implications, thus necessitating accurate and timely detection by the radiologist and the clinical team. ©RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana , Gravidez Ectópica , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Imagem Multimodal , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/etiologia , Gravidez Múltipla , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess efficacy of adjuvant dexamethasone during letrozole cycles for ovulation induction (OI) in women with letrozole-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 42 cycles of OI from 28 infertile women with letrozole-resistant PCOS between September 2019 and November 2022. Letrozole was initiated on cycle day 3 for 5 days and increased via a stair-step approach to 7.5 mg as indicated. Patients were deemed letrozole-resistant if no dominant follicle was identified on transvaginal ultrasound following this dose. Resistant patients then received 5 additional days of letrozole 7.5 mg with low-dose dexamethasone 0.5 mg for 7 days and had a repeat ultrasound. The primary outcome was ovulation rate determined by the presence of a dominant follicle on ultrasound. Secondary outcomes included endometrial thickness, number of measurable follicles, and pregnancy outcomes among responders. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 28 (79%) letrozole-resistant PCOS patients had evidence of ovulation after the addition of dexamethasone in 35 out of 42 (83%) cycles. Clinical pregnancy occurred in 20% of ovulatory cycles with a cumulative rate of 32%. All clinical pregnancies resulted in a live birth. Patients who responded to adjuvant dexamethasone were more likely to have a shorter duration of infertility; however, there were no differences in other demographics, serum androgens including DHEA-S, or pretreatment glycemic status. CONCLUSION: Adding dexamethasone to letrozole increased ovulation rates in letrozole-resistant PCOS patients undergoing OI with similar pregnancy outcomes to prior studies. The addition of dexamethasone is an effective, inexpensive, and safe option for PCOS patients otherwise at risk for cycle cancelation.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Feminina , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Letrozol/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade Feminina/tratamento farmacológico , Infertilidade Feminina/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/tratamento farmacológico , Clomifeno/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nitrilas/uso terapêutico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/uso terapêutico , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
PURPOSE: The study aims to evaluate the risk factors and incidence of thromboembolic events among adult women with cancer who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for fertility preservation. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive cohort analysis of patient demographics, medical history, cancer type/treatment, laboratory values, thrombosis within 6 months of COH. RESULTS: 4 of 127 study participants experienced a venous thromboembolic event within 6 months of COH. The median time between oocyte aspiration and the event was 0.25 years (range = 0.10-0.50). The average age at time of event was 25.3 years (SD = 5.3). Three of four thrombotic patients had ovarian cancer, one had breast cancer. All had received surgery and chemotherapy for treatment. All underwent an antagonist cycle ovarian stimulation protocol - none developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The average anti-mullerian hormone level at the time of hyperstimulation in the thrombosis group was 1.6 (SD = 1.3), compared to 3.6 in the non-thrombosis group. The average max estradiol level reached during ovarian stimulation was 1281.3 (SD = 665.3) in the thrombosis group and 1839.1 (SD = 1513.9) in the non-thrombosis group. Thromboembolic events were not directly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Within this small descriptive study, the incidence of thromboembolic events in women with cancer undergoing COH for fertility preservation is high. Cancer may play a greater role than COH in thrombosis risk. Ovarian cancer patients who undergo ovarian stimulation may have an increased risk compared to other cancer types. These findings may inform future, prospective studies to determine the role of thromboprophylaxis.
Assuntos
Preservação da Fertilidade , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Tromboembolia Venosa , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Anticoagulantes , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Indução da Ovulação/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Endometriosis is a highly prevalent, chronic, heterogeneous, fibro-inflammatory disease that remains recalcitrant to conventional therapy. We previously showed that loss of KLF11, a transcription factor implicated in uterine disease, results in progression of endometriosis. Despite extensive homology, co-expression, and human disease association, loss of the paralog Klf10 causes a unique inflammatory, cystic endometriosis phenotype in contrast to fibrotic progression seen with loss of Klf11. We identify here for the first time a novel role for KLF10 in endometriosis. In an animal endometriosis model, unlike wild-type controls, Klf10(-/-) animals developed cystic lesions with massive immune infiltrate and minimal peri-lesional fibrosis. The Klf10(-/-) disease progression phenotype also contrasted with prolific fibrosis and minimal immune cell infiltration seen in Klf11(-/-) animals. We further found that lesion genotype rather than that of the host determined each unique disease progression phenotype. Mechanistically, KLF10 regulated CD40/CD154-mediated immune pathways. Both inflammatory as well as fibrotic phenotypes are the commonest clinical manifestations in chronic fibro-inflammatory diseases such as endometriosis. The complementary, paralogous Klf10 and Klf11 models therefore offer novel insights into the mechanisms of inflammation and fibrosis in a disease-relevant context. Our data suggests that divergence in underlying gene dysregulation critically determines disease-phenotype predominance rather than the conventional paradigm of inflammation being precedent to fibrotic scarring. Heterogeneity in clinical progression and treatment response are thus likely from disparate gene regulation profiles. Characterization of disease phenotype-associated gene dysregulation offers novel approaches for developing targeted, individualized therapy for recurrent and recalcitrant chronic disease.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/metabolismo , Ligante de CD40/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/genética , Endometriose/genética , Endométrio/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Fatores de Transcrição de Resposta de Crescimento Precoce/metabolismo , Endometriose/metabolismo , Endometriose/patologia , Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírus Miúdo do Camundongo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Infertility affects 15â¯% of couples in the US, and many turn to assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization and subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) to become pregnant. This study aimed to perform a broad assessment of the maternal immune system to determine if there are systemic differences on the day of FET in cycles that result in a live birth compared to those that do not. Women undergoing FET of euploid embryos were recruited and blood was collected on the day of FET as well as at early timepoints in pregnancy. Sixty immune and angiogenic proteins were measured in plasma, and gene expression of 92 immune-response related genes were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found plasma concentrations of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and macrophage derived chemokine (MDC) were significantly lower on the day of FET in cycles that resulted in a live birth. We also found genes encoding C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), CD8 subunit alpha (CD8A) and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) were upregulated in PBMCs on the day of FET in cycles that resulted in live birth. Measurements of immune mediators from maternal blood could serve as prognostic markers during FET to guide clinical decision making and further our understanding of implantation failure.
Assuntos
Criopreservação , Transferência Embrionária , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Adulto , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/sangue , Proteína Smad3/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Implantação do Embrião/imunologia , Nascido VivoRESUMO
This study examined blastomere exclusion which is seen during embryo development and could represent imperfect cell division or a mechanism of aneuploidy correction. This was a retrospective cohort study which included embryos cultured in a time-lapse incubator undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with trophectoderm biopsy. Embryos were evaluated for blastomere exclusion early in development, late in development, both, or neither. Blastomere exclusion was compared to embryo ploidy. Embryos with no blastomere exclusion had an aneuploidy rate of 52.9%, while embryos displaying blastomere exclusion at any stage had an aneuploidy rate of 68.5% (p < .001). Early blastomere exclusion was not significantly associated with an increased aneuploidy risk (59.2% vs. 52.9% in no blastomere exclusions; p = 0.22). However, embryos with late blastomere exclusion were significantly more likely to be aneuploid, compared to embryos with no blastomere exclusions (77.5% vs. 52.9%; p < 0.001) as were embryos with both early + late blastomere exclusions (71.2% vs. 52.9%; p < 0.001). Upon restricting the analysis to aneuploid embryos, the presence of any blastomere exclusion was not significantly associated with complex aneuploidy, defined as 2 more affected chromosomes (43.9% vs. 38.7%; p = 0.28). However, the proportion with adverse embryo genetics significantly increased with the timing of blastomere exclusion (38.7%, 37%, 45.5%, and 50% for none, early, late, and early + late; p = 0.043). Late blastomere exclusion or a combination of both early + late blastomere exclusion was associated with an increased risk of aneuploid embryo genetics. Embryo selection using time-lapse culture systems should incorporate these findings when untested embryos are transferred.
Assuntos
Blastocisto , Diagnóstico Pré-Implantação , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Blastocisto/patologia , Imagem com Lapso de Tempo , Fertilização in vitro , Ploidias , AneuploidiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Young patients with cancer face unique challenges, including disruption of family planning and fertility. Young adults represent an increasing proportion of gastrointestinal cancer patients, and the prevalence of pretreatment fertility preservation counseling in this population is unknown. METHODS: Women 18-40 years who underwent surgery for gastric, colorectal, hepatobiliary, or pancreatic cancer from 2004 to 2019 were identified through the Mayo Clinic Cancer Registry. Natural language processing was used to search electronic medical records and identify documentation of pretreatment fertility counseling. RESULTS: In total, 216 reproductive-age women who underwent resection of gastrointestinal cancers were identified. Pretreatment fertility preservation counseling by any provider was documented in 29 (13%) of the entire cohort. This increased to 26 (23%) in women who also received systemic therapy. This rate did not change over time (p > 0.05). Women who had pretreatment fertility preservation counseling were younger, had higher stage disease, and were more likely to undergo chemotherapy (all p < 0.05). Of the 29 women who had a documented pretreatment discussion, 22 (76%) met with a fertility specialist and 14 (48%) eventually underwent a fertility preservation procedure. CONCLUSION: A small subset of reproductive-age women who underwent surgery for gastrointestinal cancer had documented pretreatment fertility preservation counseling and only one in ten women met with a fertility specialist. The high rate of proceeding to fertility preservation treatment further supports the importance of this discussion in all patients and represents an opportunity for improvement.
Assuntos
Preservação da Fertilidade , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Neoplasias , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Feminino , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Preservação da Fertilidade/psicologia , Aconselhamento/métodos , FertilidadeRESUMO
The ability to use frozen sperm for insemination during in vitro fertilization (IVF) is crucial for patients and for reproductive endocrinologists. However, concerns exist regarding the effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality and IVF outcomes. This study compares outcomes of frozen donor oocyte IVF cycles with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of good quality fresh versus frozen ejaculated sperm. Patients who underwent their first frozen donor oocyte IVF cycle between 2013 and 2019 at Mayo Clinic were identified. The primary outcome was live birth rate (LBR). Secondary outcomes included fertilization rate (FR), blastocyst development rate (BR), and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). Twenty-six patients used fresh sperm and 19 patients utilized frozen sperm; there were no significant demographic differences between the groups. There were no significant differences noted in CPR, FR, and BR. Although the LBR was not statistically different when frozen versus fresh sperm was utilized (52.6% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.55), there was a distinct trend towards improved outcomes with fresh sperm that may be clinically significant. This data suggests that frozen sperm may be an alternative to a fresh sample, however fresh sperm may ultimately be a better option. This finding should be further explored with studies utilizing a larger sample size.
Assuntos
Fertilização in vitro , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oócitos , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system have been widespread, with many institutions in the United States pausing elective procedures to redirect resources to critical care. Fertility care and assisted reproductive procedures were classified as elective procedures and similarly paused. We conducted qualitative interviews with patients and/or their partners (n = 25 female patients; n = 3 male partners) receiving care at a fertility clinic in the Midwest to understand patient appraisal of COVID-19 risk on the resumption of care following a month-long closure of an infertility clinic, and patient agreement with the clinic closure. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed from a grounded theory approach. Study participants reported an increased sense of urgency due to the delay in fertility procedures. This urgency often superseded concerns of potential COVID-19 infection, motivating patients to continue fertility treatment during a pandemic. In hindsight, some participants did not agree with the clinic's closure and treatment cessation, feeling that these steps negatively interrupted time-sensitive reproductive goals. Patient responses highlight the need for additional resources to support decision-making during times of crisis. Triaging patients based on time-sensitivity of treatment instead of a total shutdown respects patient autonomy for continuing treatment amidst uncertain COVID-19-impact.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnosis and management of 3 variations of incomplete müllerian duct fusion and reabsorption. DESIGN: Narrated video delineating the surgical management of 3 müllerian anomalies; this video was deemed exempt from review by the institutional review board of the Mayo Clinic. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENT(S): This video focuses on 3 müllerian anomalies: complete septate uterus with a single septate cervix (septate uterus unicollis); complete septate uterus with duplicated cervix (septate uterus bicollis); and complete duplication of the uterus and cervix (uterine didelphys). INTERVENTION(S): Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cervical septoplasty, operative hysteroscopy, and uterine septoplasty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Several variations of uterine malformations exist. In our practice, we differentiate complete septate uteri as either unicollis or bicollis via MRI and vaginal examination. The bicollis presentation can be identified on MRI by the "lambda sign," which is seen as the 2 cervices that diverge as they enter the vagina. This is in comparison with the unicollis presentation when the single septate cervix can be traced with parallel lines as it enters the vagina. The circle method is described in this video to help distinguish between a single and duplicated cervix on examination. RESULT(S): The cervical and uterine septa were resected completely in the patient with a complete septate uterus unicollis. In contrast, the uterine septum was resected completely and the 2 cervical canals were not incised in the case of the complete septate uterus bicollis. Although uterine and cervical septa resection is controversial, our practice is to avoid the incision of the 2 cervical canals in cases that are more clearly consistent with a bicollis classification. CONCLUSION(S): Müllerian anomalies represent a continuum of disorders caused by different degrees of disruption in embryogenesis. MRI with vaginal gel and vaginal examination are tools to help classify the anomaly and guide surgical management.
Assuntos
Ductos Paramesonéfricos/anormalidades , Anormalidades Urogenitais , Útero/anormalidades , Colo do Útero/anormalidades , Colo do Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Ductos Paramesonéfricos/diagnóstico por imagem , Ductos Paramesonéfricos/cirurgia , Anormalidades Urogenitais/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Urogenitais/cirurgia , Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of viable intrauterine pregnancies after embryo transfer with lower quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) rates of rise than that expected in 99% of normal intrauterine pregnancies, based on current guidelines. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Three patients underwent in vitro fertilization for ovulatory dysfunction or male factor infertility and had successful live births after an unusually low rate of hCG rise following embryo transfer. INTERVENTIONS: In vitro fertilization was utilized for all three patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serial hCG levels. RESULTS: Three cases of abnormally rising hCG levels were described. All cases presented achieved pregnancy through assisted reproductive technologies. The lowest documented rate of rise for each case, over 48 hours, was 22.1%, 23.3%, and 26.9%. All three cases resulted in live births. Literature on this topic was reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the cases presented, we recommend conservative management for patients found to have abnormally low rise hCG levels after embryo transfer; a high clinical suspicion for ectopic pregnancy should be maintained.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the potential benefit of testicular sperm compared with ejaculated sperm for men with oligospermia. DESIGN: After exemption from institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective cohort study using the Mayo Clinic Assisted Reproductive Technology database. SETTING: Single academic center. PATIENT(S): Couples with nonazoospermic male factor infertility (total motile sperm <25 million per ejaculate) undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection with sperm obtained by testicular sperm extraction (TESE) or ejaculated sperm between 2016 and 2019. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro fertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, TESE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was live birth rate. The secondary outcomes were fertilization rate, blastulation rate, pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate. RESULT(S): Subjects in the two groups were similar in age, body mass index, and ovarian reserve. Baseline sperm parameters were similar in the two groups: total motile sperm (5.4 in the ejaculate sperm group vs. 3.6 million motile per ejaculate), except that baseline motility was higher in the group that used ejaculated sperm (40% vs. 29%). The total number of mature oocytes retrieved was similar in the two groups, but the use of TESE was associated with a 20% decrease in fertilization (60.0% vs. 80.6%) and half the number of blastocyst embryos (two vs. four) compared with ejaculated sperm. Compared with ejaculated sperm, use of TESE did not improve the miscarriage rate (11% vs. 9%) or the live birth rate (50.0% vs. 31.3%). CONCLUSION(S): Patients with male factor infertility and oligozoospermia did not have improved ICSI outcomes with the use of TESE samples compared with ejaculated sperm.
Assuntos
Ejaculação , Fertilidade , Oligospermia/terapia , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Recuperação Espermática , Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Adulto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Nascido Vivo , Masculino , Oligospermia/diagnóstico , Oligospermia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/efeitos adversos , Recuperação Espermática/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine if morphometric parameters that can be measured quantitatively using a time-lapse embryo incubator are associated with aneuploidy. Embryos cultured in a time-lapse incubator and assessed with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) were analyzed retrospectively. Morphokinetic analysis included timing of cell divisions. Quantitative morphometric measurements included the distance between the second and first polar body, zona pellucida thickness at the pronuclear stage and at the 2-cell stage, and blastomere area at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Symmetry at the 2-cell stage was determined by percent difference between blastomeres; symmetry at the 4-cell stage was the percent difference between the smallest and largest blastomeres. Maternal age, blastocyst grade and day of biopsy were recorded. Euploid embryo characteristics were compared to aneuploid embryos. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate cell symmetry as a predictor of aneuploidy. Embryos (n = 182) from 21 patients (age 22-43; median = 34) were analyzed. Of the 182 embryos, 45% were euploid. Euploid and aneuploid embryos had similar morphokinetics and morphometry across many measures. As expected, age and blastocyst grade were associated with embryo ploidy. It was notable that, additionally, symmetry at the 4-cell stage (27% vs 31%, p = 0.01) was also associated with embryo ploidy. The optimized cutoff from the ROC curve to predict aneuploidy was determined to be 21%. Embryos with > 21% asymmetry at the 4-cell stage had high rates of aneuploidy while morphokinetic parameters were similar. In conclusion, this suggests that embryo selection models using time-lapse parameters would improve if they incorporate cleavage-stage morphometrics.
Assuntos
Aneuploidia , Blastocisto/fisiologia , Forma Celular/fisiologia , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/métodos , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Imagem com Lapso de Tempo/métodos , Adulto , Blastocisto/citologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pregnancy outcomes are poor or futile when an intended day 5 transfer is converted to a cleavage-stage transfer because of poor embryo development or a lower number of embryos. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENTS: Women with a limited number of embryos, defined as ≤6 two pronuclear embryos, after in vitro fertilization. INTERVENTIONS: Patients who had a cleavage-stage transfer were age matched with patients who had a day 5 transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Live birth rate. RESULTS: A total of 146 women were included in the study with 73 women in each group. Cleavage-stage transfer was associated with significantly lower implantation and clinical pregnancy rates compared with those of day 5 transfer. Although the live birth rate of the cleavage-stage transfer group was lower than that of the day 5 transfer group (25% vs. 40%, respectively), the cleavage-stage transfer still resulted in a live birth rate of 25%. A subanalysis comparing women who did and did not achieve live birth after cleavage-stage transfer demonstrated a live birth rate of 27% when at least one grade A embryo was transferred vs. 17% when a lesser quality embryo (grade B or C) was transferred. CONCLUSIONS: As expected, the live birth rate after cleavage-stage transfer was lower than that after day 5 transfer. However, the live birth rate of cleavage-stage transfer still fell into acceptable practice, >5%, for patients who were otherwise at very high risk of having no day 5 embryo transfer. Extended culture may not be necessary for all patients.
RESUMO
Pregnancy loss affects approximately 20% of couples. The lack of a clear cause complicates half of all miscarriages. Early evidence indicates the maternal immune system and angiogenesis regulation are both key players in implantation success or failure. Therefore, this prospective study recruited women in the first trimester with known viable intrauterine pregnancy and measured blood levels of immune tolerance proteins galectin-9 (Gal-9) and interleukin (IL)-4, and angiogenesis proteins (vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A, C, and D) between 5 and 9 weeks gestation. Plasma concentrations were compared between groups defined based on (a) pregnancy outcome and (b) maternal history of miscarriage, respectively. In total, 56 women were recruited with 10 experiencing a miscarriage or pregnancy loss in the 2nd or 3rd trimester and 11 having a maternal history or miscarriage. VEGF-C was significantly lower among women with a miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Gal-9 and VEGF-A concentrations were decreased in women with a prior miscarriage. Identification of early changes in maternal immune and angiogenic factors during pregnancy may be a tool to improve patient counseling on pregnancy loss risk and future interventions to reduce miscarriage in a subset of women.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the unique presentation and surgical management of a complete uterovaginal septum. DESIGN: Video case report. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENT(S): A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0-0-2-0, referred for evaluation after imaging and clinical examination revealed conflicting information. She was initially seen by her local provider for menorrhagia. Locally an ultrasound revealed a septate uterus, and examination under anesthesia with hysteroscopy noted a single vagina and cervix with a unicornuate uterus. Due to incongruous findings, she was referred for evaluation. INTERVENTION(S): Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), examination under anesthesia, vaginal surgery, and operative hysteroscopy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE(S): The MRI identified a complete uterovaginal septum with a single septate cervix. Vaginal gel was used to define vaginal anatomy, and the gel was noted to fill the right hemivagina with none noted on the left. Examination under anesthesia revealed an imperforate hymen with a small opening on the left as the cause for confusion in the clinical presentation. A hymenectomy was performed followed by guided surgical management of a complete uterovaginal septum, unicollis. RESULT(S): The patient was discharged home the same day of surgery. CONCLUSION(S): Presentation of müllerian anomalies are often complex, and anatomic variations in commonly described anomalies make misdiagnoses common. Advanced imaging with use of MRI with vaginal gel or three-dimensional ultrasonography and detailed examination are often helpful. Differentiating between unicollis and bicollis presentations in complete uterovaginal septum cases is an important distinction during surgical management.
Assuntos
Histeroscopia , Útero/cirurgia , Vagina/cirurgia , Adulto , Anormalidades Congênitas , Feminino , Humanos , Hímen/anormalidades , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia , Útero/anormalidades , Útero/diagnóstico por imagem , Vagina/anormalidades , Vagina/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of frozen, compared with fresh, embryo transfer on neonatal and pediatric weight and weight gain trajectory. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT(S): Women who underwent fresh or frozen embryo transfer at the Mayo Clinic from 2010 to 2014. All included embryo transfers resulted in a singleton live birth. Children were followed from birth to at least 18 months. When possible, growth was evaluated to 5 years of age. INTERVENTIONS(S): Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Propensity score methodology was used to balance the two groups by maternal characteristics and gestational age before evaluating outcomes. Each infant and childhood growth measurement was compared between the two groups. RESULT(S): Of the 136 women, 87 underwent a fresh embryo transfer and 49 underwent a frozen embryo transfer. Birth length and head circumference were significantly different in infants delivered after fresh versus frozen embryo transfer. There was a statistically significant difference in birth weight between infants born after fresh versus frozen embryo transfer. However, this difference did not persist when adjusted for gestational age, sex, and maternal factors. Childhood growth measurements including age- and sex-specific weight, and body mass index percentiles were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION(S): This study confirmed an association of frozen embryo transfer and increased birth weight, but the association did not persist when controlling for confounding maternal factors. We found no effect of fresh versus frozen embryo transfer on neonatal weight and childhood weight gain trajectory.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Peso Corporal , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Criopreservação , Feminino , Congelamento , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Increased toxicant exposure and resultant environmentally induced diseases are a tradeoff of industrial productivity. Dioxin [2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)], a ubiquitous byproduct, is associated with a spectrum of diseases including endometriosis, a common, chronic disease in women. TCDD activates cytochrome (CYP) p450 metabolic enzymes that alter organ function to cause disease. In contrast, the transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 11, represses these enzymes via epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we characterized these opposing mechanisms in vitro and in vivo as well as determining potential translational implications of epigenetic inhibitor therapy. KLF11 antagonized TCDD-mediated activation of CYP3A4 gene expression and function in endometrial cells. The repression was pharmacologically replicated by selective use of an epigenetic histone acetyltransferase inhibitor (HATI). We further showed phenotypic relevance of this mechanism using an animal model for endometriosis. Fibrotic extent in TCDD-exposed wild-type animals was similar to that previously observed in Klf11-/- animals. When TCDD-exposed animals were treated with a HATI, Cyp3 messenger RNA levels and protein expression decreased along with disease progression. Fibrotic progression is ubiquitous in environmentally induced chronic, untreatable diseases; this report shows that relentless disease progression can be arrested through targeted epigenetic modulation of protective mechanisms.