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1.
N Engl J Med ; 383(17): 1645-1656, 2020 10 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33026741

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Whether combined treatment with recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir reduces mortality among patients hospitalized with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is unclear. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, adaptive, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients at nine sites in Saudi Arabia. Hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed MERS were randomly assigned to receive recombinant interferon beta-1b plus lopinavir-ritonavir (intervention) or placebo for 14 days. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality, with a one-sided P-value threshold of 0.025. Prespecified subgroup analyses and safety analyses were conducted. Because of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, the data and safety monitoring board requested an unplanned interim analysis and subsequently recommended the termination of enrollment and the reporting of the results. RESULTS: A total of 95 patients were enrolled; 43 patients were assigned to the intervention group and 52 to the placebo group. A total of 12 patients (28%) in the intervention group and 23 (44%) in the placebo group died by day 90. The analysis of the primary outcome, with accounting for the adaptive design, yielded a risk difference of -19 percentage points (upper boundary of the 97.5% confidence interval [CI], -3; one-sided P = 0.024). In a prespecified subgroup analysis, treatment within 7 days after symptom onset led to lower 90-day mortality than use of placebo (relative risk, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.75), whereas later treatment did not. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 patients (9%) in the intervention group and in 10 (19%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of recombinant interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir led to lower mortality than placebo among patients who had been hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed MERS. The effect was greatest when treatment was started within 7 days after symptom onset. (Funded by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; MIRACLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02845843.).


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon beta-1b/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Interferon beta-1b/efeitos adversos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Lopinavir/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tempo para o Tratamento
2.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses ; 17(3): e13116, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36960162

RESUMO

Background: Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential antiviral cytokines induced upon respiratory exposure to coronaviruses. Defects in type I IFN signaling can result in severe disease upon exposure to respiratory viral infection and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I IFNs were reported as a risk factor for life-threatening COVID-19, but their presence has not been evaluated in patients with severe Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of type I IFN auto-Abs in a cohort of hospitalized patients with MERS who were enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial for treatment with IFN-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir (MIRACLE trial). Samples were tested for type I IFN auto-Abs using a multiplex particle-based assay. Results: Among the 62 enrolled patients, 15 (24.2%) were positive for immunoglobulin G auto-Abs for at least one subtype of type I IFNs. Auto-Abs positive patients were not different from auto-Abs negative patients in age, sex, or comorbidities. However, the majority (93.3%) of patients who were auto-Abs positive were critically ill and admitted to the ICU at the time of enrollment compared to 66% in the auto-Abs negative patients. The effect of treatment with IFN-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of type I IFN auto-Abs in hospitalized patients with MERS.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Interferon Tipo I , Humanos , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Interferon beta-1b/uso terapêutico , Autoanticorpos
3.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 18186, 2022 10 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36307462

RESUMO

Animal and human data indicate variable effects of interferons in treating coronavirus infections according to inflammatory status and timing of therapy. In this sub-study of the MIRACLE trial (MERS-CoV Infection Treated with a Combination of Lopinavir-Ritonavir and Interferon ß-1b), we evaluated the heterogeneity of treatment effect of interferon-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir versus placebo among hospitalized patients with MERS on 90-day mortality, according to cytokine levels and timing of therapy. We measured plasma levels of 17 cytokines at enrollment and tested the treatment effect on 90-day mortality according to cytokine levels (higher versus lower levels using the upper tertile (67%) as a cutoff point) and time to treatment (≤ 7 days versus > 7 days of symptom onset) using interaction tests. Among 70 included patients, 32 received interferon-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir and 38 received placebo. Interferon-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir reduced mortality in patients with lower IL-2, IL-8 and IL-13 plasma concentrations but not in patients with higher levels (p-value for interaction = 0.09, 0.07, and 0.05, respectively) and with early but not late therapy (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity of treatment effect according to other cytokine levels. Further work is needed to evaluate whether the assessment of inflammatory status can help in identifying patients with MERS who may benefit from interferon-ß1b and lopinavir-ritonavir. Trial registration: This is a sub-study of the MIRACLE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02845843).


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Ritonavir , Animais , Humanos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/uso terapêutico , Interferons/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico
4.
Trials ; 21(1): 8, 2020 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31900204

RESUMO

The MIRACLE trial (MERS-CoV Infection tReated with A Combination of Lopinavir/ritonavir and intErferon-ß1b) investigates the efficacy of a combination therapy of lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant interferon-ß1b provided with standard supportive care, compared to placebo provided with standard supportive care, in hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS. The MIRACLE trial is designed as a recursive, two-stage, group sequential, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized controlled trial. The aim of this article is to describe the statistical analysis plan for the MIRACLE trial. The primary outcome is 90-day mortality. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. The MIRACLE trial is the first randomized controlled trial for MERS treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02845843. Registered on 27 July 2016.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon beta-1b/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/efeitos dos fármacos , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Interferon beta-1b/efeitos adversos , Lopinavir/efeitos adversos , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/patogenicidade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Arábia Saudita , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Trials ; 19(1): 81, 2018 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29382391

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It had been more than 5 years since the first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection (MERS-CoV) was recorded, but no specific treatment has been investigated in randomized clinical trials. Results from in vitro and animal studies suggest that a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-ß1b (IFN-ß1b) may be effective against MERS-CoV. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of treatment with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and recombinant IFN-ß1b provided with standard supportive care, compared to treatment with placebo provided with standard supportive care in patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS requiring hospital admission. METHODS: The protocol is prepared in accordance with the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) guidelines. Hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed MERS will be enrolled in this recursive, two-stage, group sequential, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized controlled trial. The trial is initially designed to include 2 two-stage components. The first two-stage component is designed to adjust sample size and determine futility stopping, but not efficacy stopping. The second two-stage component is designed to determine efficacy stopping and possibly readjustment of sample size. The primary outcome is 90-day mortality. DISCUSSION: This will be the first randomized controlled trial of a potential treatment for MERS. The study is sponsored by King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Enrollment for this study began in November 2016, and has enrolled thirteen patients as of Jan 24-2018. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02845843 . Registered on 27 July 2016.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon beta-1b/uso terapêutico , Lopinavir/uso terapêutico , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/efeitos dos fármacos , Ritonavir/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon beta-1b/efeitos adversos , Lopinavir/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/patogenicidade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Admissão do Paciente , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Arábia Saudita , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Case Rep Infect Dis ; 2016: 4687840, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27200196

RESUMO

Brucellosis is one of the commonest zoonotic infections worldwide. The disease is endemic in Saudi Arabia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean area. Osteoarticular involvement is a frequent manifestation of brucellosis. It tends to involve the sacroiliac joints more commonly; however, spondylitis and peripheral arthritis are increasingly reported. Brucellosis can be overlooked especially in the presence of companion bacteria. Hence, it should be suspected in all patients with septic arthritis in endemic areas or in patients visiting such areas.

7.
Int J Infect Dis ; 29: 301-6, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25303830

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To report the experience with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection at a single center in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Cases of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV occurring from October 1, 2012 to May 31, 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Information sources included medical files, infection control outbreak investigations, and the preventive medicine database of MERS-CoV-infected patients. Data were collected on clinical and epidemiological aspects and outcomes. RESULTS: Seventy consecutive patients were included. Patients were mostly of older age (median 62 years), male (46, 65.7%), and had healthcare acquisition of infection (39, 55.7%). Fever (43, 61.4%), dyspnea (42, 60%), and cough (38, 54.3%) were the most common symptoms. The majority developed pneumonia (63, 90%) and required intensive care (49, 70%). Infection commonly occurred in clusters. Independent risk factors for severe infection requiring intensive care included concomitant infections (odds ratio (OR) 14.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-126.09; p=0.018) and low albumin (OR 6.31, 95% CI 1.24-31.90; p=0.026). Mortality was high (42, 60%), and age ≥65 years was associated with increased mortality (OR 4.39, 95% CI 2.13-9.05; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MERS-CoV can cause severe infection requiring intensive care and has a high mortality. Concomitant infections and low albumin were found to be predictors of severe infection, while age ≥65 years was the only predictor of increased mortality.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio , Idoso , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia
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